Mehdi B. Tahoori, Emre Ozer, Georgios Zervakis
et al.
Printed and flexible electronics (PFE) have emerged as the ubiquitous solution for application domains at the extreme edge, where the demands for low manufacturing and operational cost cannot be met by silicon-based computing. Built on mechanically flexible substrates, printed and flexible devices offer unparalleled advantages in terms of form factor, bio-compatibility and sustainability, making them ideal for emerging and uncharted applications, such as wearable healthcare products or fast-moving consumer goods. Their desirable attributes stem from specialized fabrication technologies, e.g., Pragmatic's FlexIC, where advancements like ultra-thin substrates and specialized printing methods expand their hardware efficiency, and enable penetration to previously unexplored application domains. In recent years, significant focus has been on machine learning (ML) circuits for resource-constrained on-sensor and near-sensor processing, both in the digital and analog domains, as they meet the requirements of target applications by PFE. Despite their advancements, challenges like reliability, device integration and efficient memory design are still prevalent in PFE, spawning several research efforts towards cross-layer optimization and co-design, whilst showing promise for advancing printed and flexible electronics to new domains.
Each element in tensioned structural networks -- such as tensegrity, architectural fabrics, or medical braces/meshes -- requires a specific tension level to achieve and maintain the desired shape, stability, and compliance. These structures are challenging to manufacture, 3D print, or assemble because flattening the network during fabrication introduces multiplicative inaccuracies in the network's final tension gradients. This study overcomes this challenge by offering a fabrication algorithm for direct 3D printing of such networks with programmed tension gradients, an approach analogous to the spinning of spiderwebs. The algorithm: (i) defines the desired network and prescribes its tension gradients using the force density method; (ii) converts the network into an unstretched counterpart by numerically optimizing vertex locations toward target element lengths and converting straight elements into arcs to resolve any remaining error; and (iii) decomposes the network into printable toolpaths; Optional additional steps are: (iv) flattening curved 2D networks or 3D networks to ensure 3D printing compatibility; and (v) automatically resolving any unwanted crossings introduced by the flattening process. The proposed method is experimentally validated using 2D unit cells of viscoelastic filaments, where accurate tension gradients are achieved with an average element strain error of less than 1.0\%. The method remains effective for networks with element minimum length and maximum stress of 5.8 mm and 7.3 MPa, respectively. The method is used to demonstrate the fabrication of three complex cases: a flat spiderweb, a curved mesh, and a tensegrity system. The programmable tension gradient algorithm can be utilized to produce compact, integrated cable networks, enabling novel applications such as moment-exerting structures in medical braces and splints.
The unprecedented scale of mitigation measures taken by governments during the Covid-19 pandemic raised concerns about if and to what extent democracy would be affected. Empirical accounts show that media freedom was the most vulnerable. This article concentrates on interference in digital media, as attacks on the digital realm during the pandemic were particularly harmful given that media activity moved from print to online all over the world. This large-n study makes various important contributions. Firstly, it uncovers whether regime types differ in their reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic regarding the digital media sector. Secondly, it takes a diachronic approach and examines the period before 2020, during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, and after the pandemic (2022–2023). This longitudinal exploration enables us to make nuanced statements about the post-Covid-19 developments in digital media. Thirdly, the analyses take into account different degrees of measures: less and more repressive as well as disinformation strategies. The results add value to the debate because they demonstrate that all regime types, including democracies, resorted to control mechanisms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Equally relevant is the behavior of these regimes after the pandemic: While democracies by no means cut back on all measures, autocracies did not strengthen all measures. Most remarkably, full democracies are the only regime type where governments increasingly engaged in disinformation after the pandemic. Thus, an important finding is that the pandemic did not constitute a catalyzing event for all regime types to the same extent. But the most worrisome effects are associated with the democracies.
Marcel Pikhart, Blanka Klimova, Fanny Meunier
et al.
The current affordances of ICT have – in the past decade – dramatically increased the exposure of students to the number of various digital texts they use or are exposed to when acquiring an additional language. The print media has been supplemented or even sometimes substituted by the digital media at all levels of education, including higher education and university curricula. Various research has recently been conducted into the role of digital media in L2 acquisition and this paper attempts to systematically summarize the results of this research, with a specific focus on reading comprehension. This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021). The 2010-2021 studies from Scopus and the Web of Science dealing with the topic have been collected and analysed. Only experimental studies in peer-reviewed research journal papers have been included in the search. By applying this protocol review, 15 papers were selected for a synthesis. The results were classified as: (a) effect of media on reading comprehension, (b) pedagogical implications, (c) future research directions. The study concludes with some discussion and implications for researchers and practitioners from two perspectives: basic or fundamental Second Language Acquisition (FSLA) and instructed Second Language acquisition (ISLA).
Theory and practice of education, Philology. Linguistics
This paper proposes a height profile model for drop-on-demand printing of UV curable ink. Existing models includesuperposition of single drops, numerical models, and graphic-based model. They are either too complicated or over simplified.Graphic model intends to find a sweet spot in between, however, accuracy is marginally improved from superposition modelwhile it demands more computation. The proposed model aimsto achieve the same as graphic model by introducing volumeand area propagation matrices to reflect the localized ink flowfrom higher location to the lower, while avoiding the detailedphysics behind it. This model assumes a constant volume andarea propagation of subsequent drop due to height profile difference. It is validated with experiments on single drop, 2-drop and 3-drop line printing. Stability of this model is analyzed.. Usingroot mean square (RMS) error as benchmark, proposed modelachieves 6.6% along the center row and 7.4% overall, better thanexisting models.
F. J. Alejandre Sánchez, C. Núñez Guerrero, S. Díaz Ramos
et al.
Una manifestación artística de la decoración andalusí de la que se conservan escasos testimonios son los zócalos pintados en el ámbito doméstico. Los intentos por contextualizar estilística, geográfica y cronológicamente estos zócalos han planteado algunas cuestiones de índole tecnológica a la hora de apuntar posibles conexiones. El estudio de las técnicas de ejecución y materiales empleados en zócalos de Baŷŷāna (Almería), mediante análisis estratigráfico, DRX y FTIR, ha permitido establecer paralelismos con zócalos decorados procedentes del barrio de casas de la Alcazaba de Málaga a partir de una investigación anterior. Los resultados permiten extraer interesantes conclusiones sobre las técnicas de elaboración, que son congruentes con la pervivencia de algunos procedimientos de ejecución de los enlucidos de raigambre romana. Además, se plantea aquí la existencia de un núcleo de producción que agruparía los ejemplos provenientes de Almería y Málaga, cuyo contexto técnico los diferenciaría.
Conservation and restoration of prints, Architectural drawing and design
The way the media presents events can significantly affect public perception, which in turn can alter people's beliefs and views. Media bias describes a one-sided or polarizing perspective on a topic. This article summarizes the research on computational methods to detect media bias by systematically reviewing 3140 research papers published between 2019 and 2022. To structure our review and support a mutual understanding of bias across research domains, we introduce the Media Bias Taxonomy, which provides a coherent overview of the current state of research on media bias from different perspectives. We show that media bias detection is a highly active research field, in which transformer-based classification approaches have led to significant improvements in recent years. These improvements include higher classification accuracy and the ability to detect more fine-granular types of bias. However, we have identified a lack of interdisciplinarity in existing projects, and a need for more awareness of the various types of media bias to support methodologically thorough performance evaluations of media bias detection systems. Concluding from our analysis, we see the integration of recent machine learning advancements with reliable and diverse bias assessment strategies from other research areas as the most promising area for future research contributions in the field.
Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in India. The effect of suicide reporting in mass media like print and digital platforms is prominent as its reach is vast, fast, and impacts different kinds of individuals. We aimed to analyze suicide reporting in India in national and regional newspapers and electronic media.
Materials and Methods: Suicide reporting in six national and regional newspapers and one online english news portal in India were studied by the first author from August to November 2020 after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. All the suicide reports from the mentioned newspapers and online web portal were considered on all days of the month and inspection was done manually and compared against ten points of a standard reporting after evaluating various guidelines on suicide reporting. The percentage-wise compliance of the suicide reporting guidelines was deciphered and inferential analysis was conducted.
Results: Nearly 100% of all the suicide reports were non-compliant in at least one of the parameters. The parameter with the maximum non-compliance was “Suicide Helpline,” i.e., 98% of the analyzed reports did not mention any means to seek help or did not provide adequate information to do so. About 94% of the reports mentioned personal information in one way or other while 86% of the reports attributed the suicide to one particular stressor. The total non-compliance score for print and electronic media was 58% and 61%, respectively. The non-compliance score of both national level print newspapers and that of regional-level print newspapers was 58%.
Conclusion: Given the high rates of non-compliance to suicide reporting guidelines by the print and electronic media, they need to be sensitized to the responsibility they carry regarding suicide reporting and the guidelines can only be formulated as a collaborative effort between media personnel and health care professionals to achieve their common goal.
In practical applications of inkjet printing the nozzles in a printhead have intermittent idle periods, during which ink can evaporate from the nozzle exit. Inks are usually multicomponent where each component has its own characteristic evaporation rate resulting in concentration gradients within the ink. These gradients may directly and indirectly (via Marangoni flows) alter the jetting process and thereby its reproducibility and the resulting print quality. In the present work, we study selective evaporation from an inkjet nozzle for water-glycerol mixtures. Through experiments, analytical modeling, and numerical simulations, we investigate changes in mixture composition with drying time. By monitoring the acoustics within the printhead, and subsequently modeling the system as a mass-spring-damper system, the composition of the mixture can be obtained as a function of drying time. The results from the analytical model are validated using numerical simulations of the full fluid mechanical equations governing the printhead flows and pressure fields. Furthermore, the numerical simulations reveal that the time independent concentration gradient we observe in the experiments is due to the steady state of water flux through the printhead. Finally, we measure the number of drop formation events required in this system before the mixture concentration within the nozzle attains the initial (pre-drying) value, and find a stronger than exponential trend in the number of drop formations required. These results shed light on the complex physiochemical hydrodynamics associated with the drying of ink at a printhead nozzle, and help in increasing the stability and reproducibility of inkjet printing.
Cross-media retrieval of scientific and technological information is one of the important tasks in the cross-media study. Cross-media scientific and technological information retrieval obtain target information from massive multi-source and heterogeneous scientific and technological resources, which helps to design applications that meet users' needs, including scientific and technological information recommendation, personalized scientific and technological information retrieval, etc. The core of cross-media retrieval is to learn a common subspace, so that data from different media can be directly compared with each other after being mapped into this subspace. In subspace learning, existing methods often focus on modeling the discrimination of intra-media data and the invariance of inter-media data after mapping; however, they ignore the semantic consistency of inter-media data before and after mapping and media discrimination of intra-semantics data, which limit the result of cross-media retrieval. In light of this, we propose a scientific and technological information oriented Semantics-adversarial and Media-adversarial Cross-media Retrieval method (SMCR) to find an effective common subspace. Specifically, SMCR minimizes the loss of inter-media semantic consistency in addition to modeling intra-media semantic discrimination, to preserve semantic similarity before and after mapping. Furthermore, SMCR constructs a basic feature mapping network and a refined feature mapping network to jointly minimize the media discriminative loss within semantics, so as to enhance the feature mapping network's ability to confuse the media discriminant network. Experimental results on two datasets demonstrate that the proposed SMCR outperforms state-of-the-art methods in cross-media retrieval.
Media and public discourses are constantly changing as a result of their effect on one another. The Consultation Commission on Accommodation Practices Related to Cultural Differences which roamed the province of Québec in late 2007 was widely reported on in the mainstream news-media. This paper provides a critical content analysis of 105 articles in three Québec daily newspapers (La Presse, Le Soleil, and The Gazette) during the months of September to December 2007 when the public forums discussing the reasonable accommodation of minority groups took place. By making theoretical linkages with the data collected, the findings show that the media discourses between the three newspapers vary slightly and are not accurate representations of the public discourses surrounding the issue of reasonable accommodations amongst the Québec population.
Сучасне паковання повинно не тільки забезпечувати тривале зберігання товару, але й надійно захищати товар від підробки, механічних пошкоджень і забруднень, бути привабливим для споживача, відповідати вимогам і специфічним уподобанням покупців. Тому вибір технологічного процесу оздоблення пакувальної продукції є відповідальним етапом виробництва, на який впливає ряд факторів, зокрема вид паковання, його конструкція та призначення, фізико-механічні характеристики матеріалів, їх бар’єрні властивості. Оскільки ринок пакувальних матеріалів, зокрема картонів дуже різноманітний, важливими є пошуки нових методів оздоблення паковань та їх захисту від підробки поліграфічними технологіями. Це вимагає глибоких досліджень топографії та внутрішньої структури адгезивів (поліграфічних фарб, лаків, клеів тощо) і субстратів, адже від них в значній мірі залежить якість надрукованого зображення та експлуатаційні характеристики паковань.
За допомогою електронної мікроскопії досліджено топографію надрукованих аромозображень та зміну їх структури після презентації ароматів методом «потри і понюхай». Встановлено вплив кількості люмінофорних частинок в лаковій композиції на якість люмінесценції. Побудована діаграма колірності CIE підтверджує, що наявність 10 % люмінесцентних домішок в лаковій композиції показує ефект люмінесценції на відбитку. Збільшення кількості наночастинок люмінофору до 30 % в композиції підвищує значення оптичної густини закріпленого шару лаку та підсилює ефект люмінесценції.
Digital divide has been a common concern during the past two or three decades; traditionally, it refers to a gap between developed and developing countries in the adoption and use of digital technologies. Given the importance of the topic, digital divide has been also extensively studied, although, hitherto, there is no previous research that would have linked the concept to online media. Given this gap in the literature, this paper evaluates the "maturity" of online media in 134 countries between 2007 and 2016. Maturity is defined according to the levels of national online media consumption, diversity of political perspectives presented in national online media, and consensus in reporting major political events in national online media. These aspects are explained by considering explanatory factors related to economy, infrastructure, politics, and administration. According to the empirical results based on a dynamic panel data methodology, all aspects except administration are also associated with the maturity of national online media.
Cathelijn van Nisselroy, Chunjian Shen, Tomaso Zambelli
et al.
Electrochemical 3D printing of conductors with microscale resolution holds a great promise for a wide range of applications, but the choice of suitable metals for these technologies remains limited. Most efforts so far have been focused on deposition of copper, however, other metals are also of interest, especially when tuning of mechanical, electrical, or optical properties is required for a given application. Here we address the issue of a limited materials choice in electrochemical 3D printing by extending the materials library to silver and nickel. Free-standing microscale structures are fabricated in a single step via locally confined electrochemical 3D printing using FluidFM - a microchanneled cantilever nanopipette capable to deliver electrolyte through sub-microscale opening. The 3D printed structures are constructed in a layer-by-layer fashion, which allows complex geometrical shapes such as double rings, helices and pyramids. We report the process performance in terms of printing speed (in the range 7 - 40 nm s-1 for silver and 27 - 42 nm s-1 for nickel) and reveal dense inner structure and chemical purity of the printed features.
Media is evolving from traditional linear narratives to personalised experiences, where control over information (or how it is presented) is given to individual audience members. Measuring and understanding audience engagement with this media is important in at least two ways: (1) a post-hoc understanding of how engaged audiences are with the content will help production teams learn from experience and improve future productions; (2), this type of media has potential for real-time measures of engagement to be used to enhance the user experience by adapting content on-the-fly. Engagement is typically measured by asking samples of users to self-report, which is time consuming and expensive. In some domains, however, interaction data have been used to infer engagement. Fortuitously, the nature of interactive media facilitates a much richer set of interaction data than traditional media; our research aims to understand if these data can be used to infer audience engagement. In this paper, we report a study using data captured from audience interactions with an interactive TV show to model and predict engagement. We find that temporal metrics, including overall time spent on the experience and the interval between events, are predictive of engagement. The results demonstrate that interaction data can be used to infer users' engagement during and after an experience, and the proposed techniques are relevant to better understand audience preference and responses.
We consider Cosserat media as SO(3)-structures over a domain D in R3. Motions of such media are given by automorphisms of the SO(3)-bundle. We present Euler-type equations for such media and discuss their structure.
Media organisations are essential communication stakeholders in social media disaster communication during extreme events. They perform gatekeeper and amplification roles which are crucial for collective sense-making processes. In that capacity, media organisations distribute information through social media, use it as a source of information, and share such information across different channels. Yet, little is known about the role of media organisations on social media as supposed sense-givers to effectively support the creation of mutual sense. This study investigates the communication strategies of media organisations in extreme events. A Twitter dataset consisting of 9,414,463 postings was collected during Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Social network and content analysis methods were applied to identify media communication approaches. Three different sense-giving strategies could be identified: retweeting of local in-house outlets; bound amplification of messages of individual to the organisation associated journalists; and open message amplification.
Humanity's interest in manufacturing silica-glass objects extends back over three thousand years. Silica glass is resistant to heating and exposure to many chemicals, and it is transparent in a wide wavelength range. Due to these qualities, silica glass is used for a variety of applications that shape our modern life, such as optical fibers in medicine and telecommunications. However, its chemical stability and brittleness impede the structuring of silica glass, especially on the small scale. Techniques for three-dimensional (3D) printing of silica glass, such as stereolithography and direct ink writing, have recently been demonstrated, but the achievable minimum feature size is several tens of micrometers. While submicrometric silica-glass structures have many interesting applications, for example in micro-optics, they are currently manufactured using lithography techniques, which severely limits the 3D shapes that can be realized. Here, we show 3D printing of optically transparent silica-glass structures with submicrometric features. We achieve this by cross-linking hydrogen silsesquioxane to silica glass using nonlinear absorption of laser light followed by the dissolution of the unexposed material. We print a functional microtoroid resonator with out-of-plane fiber couplers to demonstrate the new possibilities for designing and building silica-glass microdevices in 3D.
The purpose of the article. Over the past 5 years, the importance of travel content has increased on television, almost every channel has its own TV program about travelling, films and reports are demonstrated, and the majority of print publications have entire sections devoted to tourism. Despite the large volume, there is still no thorough research of the emergence, creation, and features classification of travel journalism genres. This makes it possible to say that the process of globalization, with its integral commercialization of the media, has changed the perception of travel journalism from news to light entertainment. In conditions of the development of technical progress, travel products are among the most informational sources, and what is the most important it is the most truthful and modern, which allows you to experience the image, features and mentality of one nation in the mind of another at the moment. Research methods. The scientific article uses the descriptive method, shows the texture and characteristics of the travel journalism genres, and the method of analysis, studies the specificity of the work problems of the correspondent-traveler in these genres. The structurally complex method (with the aim of establishing skeletal relationships between genres and the formation of a basic principle for a consequent and systematic approach to the problem of a travel product) has been used. The scientific novelty lies in the approbation of a scientific problem, namely, in determining the principles and techniques of travel journalism. It also consists in demonstrating the public benefit and the need for the availability and formation of travel journalism. Conclusions. It has been analyzed that travel journalism contains its own specifics, and various travel programs try to arouse the interest of the viewer, cheer up, inform about events, geography, culture, art of other countries. The newest and most popular configurations of “travel literature” consumption in postmodern society are travel essays in journalism and travel television shows on television. The modern audience does not particularly require details; it wants to see the spectacular action on the screen. The public wants to feel like an eyewitness of those events and situations in which the host finds himself or herself, as it is important for any of us to feel our involvement in something significant; and various genre techniques help the authors in this.
Оксана Олександрівна Балюн, Анна Олегівна Беліменко
У статті комплексно розглянуто основні інструменти корпоративної соціальної відповідальності та їх вплив на репутацію компанії. У контексті цього дослідження визначено, що основними світовими напрямками реалізації корпоративної соціальної відповідальності є розробка соціальних програм, волонтерство й охорона навколишнього середовища, благодійність і спонсорство. За групами впливу на стейкхолдерів ці інструменти реалізації програм КСВ ми умовно поділили на три блоки. Перший — більше спрямований на внутрішню аудиторію. Волонтерство та охорону навколишнього середовища ми визначаємо спільними за впливом як для зовнішньої, так і для внутрішньої аудиторій. Благодійність і спонсорство має більше впливу на зовнішні групи стейкхолдерів. У певні моменти реалізації програм соціальної відповідальності ці напрями можуть доповнювати один одного. Ознайомлення з зарубіжним досвідом дозволяє додати до цих загальноприйнятих інструментів блок «айдентика бренду», який виступає важливим інструментом для просування компанії в цілому й об’єднує компанію в єдиний організм. Такі інструменти як етикетки, кодекс поведінки та сертифікати дозволяють забезпечити довіру до якості товару, встановити довірливі відносини з цільовою аудиторією та стати невід’ємною частиною корпоративної соціальної відповідальності компанії. Перевірка виконання взятих на себе зобов’язань соціальної відповідальності та виявлення порушень у її дотриманні з боку внутрішніх департаментів компанії та зовнішніх організацій розширює межі напрямків корпоративної соціальної відповідальності. У цьому контексті метод перевірок стає важливим складником корпоративної соціальної відповідальності. Встановленню взаєморозуміння та взаємозв’язку між стейкхолдерами та компаніями, які позиціонують себе соціально відповідальними, слугують інструменти PR.