This book is concerned with the study of collective preference, in particular with the relationship between the objectives of social action and the preferences and aspirations of society's members. Professor Sen's approach is based on the assumption that the problem of collective choice cannot be satisfactorily discussed within the confines of economics. While collective choice forms a crucial aspect of economics, the subject pertains also to political science, the theory of the state, and to the theory of decision procedures. The author has therefore used material from these disciplines, plus philosophical aspects from ethics and the theory of justice.
I am most grateful to the editors of the British Journal of Sociology for putting together such an impressive set of review papers about my book. I am very honoured by the very thoughtful essays written by such a distinguished group of scholars coming from sociology, political science, anthropology, history, geography and economics. I warmly thank all participants for their time and attention to my work. I would like to view my book more as work of social science than one of economics or history. It seems to me that we often loose a lot of time in the social sciences because of little disputes about disciplinary boundaries. I could not dream of a better recognition for my work than the stimulating collection of interdisciplinary essays that the British Journal of Sociology is now publishing. I am very fortunate to have so many great readers. There is no way I can do justice to the richness of each review and address the many stimulating points that they raise. I would like however to take this opportunity to briefly clarify a number of issues.
When estimating causal effects using observational data, it is desirable to replicate a randomized experiment as closely as possible by obtaining treated and control groups with similar covariate distributions. This goal can often be achieved by choosing well-matched samples of the original treated and control groups, thereby reducing bias due to the covariates. Since the 1970's, work on matching methods has examined how to best choose treated and control subjects for comparison. Matching methods are gaining popularity in fields such as economics, epidemiology, medicine, and political science. However, until now the literature and related advice has been scattered across disciplines. Researchers who are interested in using matching methods-or developing methods related to matching-do not have a single place to turn to learn about past and current research. This paper provides a structure for thinking about matching methods and guidance on their use, coalescing the existing research (both old and new) and providing a summary of where the literature on matching methods is now and where it should be headed.
This volume is the first of two volumes that address the most recent ten years (1997-2006) of focus group studies and research literature. Volume one provides coverage of the arts and humanities, social sciences, and the nonmedical sciences, and volume two concentrates on the medical and health sciences. These volumes cover the English-language academic literature (books, chapters in books, journal articles, and significant pamphlets) available in libraries via interlibrary loan and online. A variety of materials are included: instructional guides, handbooks, reference works, textbooks, and academic journal literature. In Focus Groups, Volume I, the following subject disciplines have been considered: in the arts and humanities_linguistics, music, religion, and sports and leisure studies; in the social sciences_anthropology, business, cartography, communication, demography, education, law, library science, political science, psychology, and sociology; and in the non-medical sciences_agriculture, biology, engineering, environmental sciences, and physics. The selected entries have a minimum of four pages, and include 29 books, 50 book chapters, 349 articles, and 10 pamphlets, for a total of 438 entries. An appendix includes the titles of the 245 journals cited, along with the appropriate entry numbers for each. Author and subject indexes provide access to the contents, with the subject index providing access to unique terms. The detailed contents pages are designed to enable the reader to quickly find appropriate entries through the use of extensive and detailed subheadings.
Abstract This article aims to analyse the strategic actions of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC) in defence of ancestral territory in Colombia’s Pacific region, which has experienced an intensification of the armed conflict following the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) in 2016. It is argued that the CRIC, established in the 1970s, acts to protect its communities from forced displacement, preventing their uprooting and thereby ensuring the pervivencia –both physical and cultural – of its peoples. To this end, the following theoretical and methodological steps are undertaken: first, a dialogue is established between the fields of forced migration and resistance studies, through the articulation of the analytical frameworks of crisis migration and non-violent civil resistance; next, primary data collected through a digital platform, alongside secondary data regarding CRIC’s actions in the department of Cauca, are analysed. The outcome is the development of the concept of ‘self-confinement’ as an act of non-violent civil resistance, collectively organised through the political agency of these subjects, as well as the creation of a short comic strip that seeks to articulate the argument above through a different language, in order to contribute to the democratisation of scientific knowledge.
Eva Febria, Ibnu Phonna Nurdin, Khairulyadi Khairulyadi
et al.
Abstrak
Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan individu, komunitas, atau kelompok dalam beradaptasi terhadap guncangan atau bencana, menyesuaikan diri, serta bangkit kembali setelah mengalami dampak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat ketahanan masyarakat Desa Teluk Rumbia, Kabupaten Aceh Singkil terhadap bencana banjir yang kerap terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori resiliensi yang dikemukakan Susan L. Cutter, menekankan pentingnya interaksi antara kapasitas sosial, ekonomi, dan fisik dalam menentukan kemampuan komunitas menghadapi bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Teluk Rumbia telah mengembangkan berbagai strategi adaptasi seperti : Membangun rumah panggung, memanfaatkan transportasi air saat banjir, serta mengandalkan pengetahuan lokal dalam membaca tanda-tanda alam. Strategi adaptasi tersebut tidak terlepas dari ikatan solidaritas sosial yang melekat sesama warga Desa. Ikatan solidaritas sosial yang terjalin pada masyarakat Desa Teluk Rumbia didasarkan pada ikatan kekerabatan, keterikatan adat dan budaya, serta senasib sepenanggungan dalam kehidupan.
Abstract
Resilience is the ability of individuals, communities, or groups to adapt to shocks or disasters, adjust, and bounce back after experiencing their impact. This research aims to determine the level of resilience of the community in Teluk Rumbia Village, Aceh Singkil Regency, to the frequent flood disasters. This research utilizes the resilience theory proposed by Susan L. Cutter, emphasizing the importance of the interaction between social, economic, and physical capacities in determining a community's ability to cope with disasters. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The research results show that the community of Teluk Rumbia Village has developed various adaptation strategies such as: building stilt houses, utilizing water transportation during floods, and relying on local knowledge to read natural signs. This adaptation strategy is inseparable from the strong social solidarity among the village residents. The social solidarity bonds that exist in the Teluk Rumbia village community are based on kinship ties, attachment to customs and culture, and shared experiences in life.