Hasil untuk "Physiology"

Metin Kilinc, Enes Çelik, Ibrahim Demir et al.

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Postoperative femur fracture in elderly patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Various factors, including demographic and laboratory parameters, may influence mortality in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of inflammatory and metabolic markers with mortality in ICU patients with postoperative femur fractures and to identify key predictors to enhance risk stratification and improve patient outcomes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 121 patients aged over 65 years with postoperative femur fractures who were admitted to the ICU between January 2023 and January 2024. Demographic and clinical data, including comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, were collected. Laboratory parameters such as white blood cell count (WBC), albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and others were analyzed. Linear regression, logistic regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of these markers for ICU mortality. <i>Results</i>: The mean age of the patients was 76.3 ± 9.6 years, and 52.1% were female. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (67.8%) and diabetes (49.6%). ICU mortality occurred in 24 patients (20%). Significant predictors of mortality included higher CRP (>62.8 mg/L), NLR (>10.0), PIV (>450), and APACHE II scores (>23) (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). Lower albumin levels (<2.5 g/dL) were strongly associated with increased mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the APACHE II score had the highest predictive accuracy for mortality (AUC = 0.83), followed by albumin (AUC = 0.79) and PIV (AUC = 0.76). Extended ICU stay (>10 days) was also significantly correlated with increased mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions</i>: This study successfully demonstrates the utility of combining traditional clinical markers, such as APACHE II score, with novel inflammatory markers, such as PIV, CAR, and NLR, in predicting mortality in ICU patients following femur fracture surgery. The integration of emerging biomarkers with well-established scoring systems offers enhanced predictive accuracy and provides valuable insights into patient management.

Grace Goh, Kristine Vesterdorf, Andrea Fuller et al.

Abstract Core body temperature (Tc) is a critical aspect of homeostasis in birds and mammals and is increasingly used as a biomarker of the fitness of an animal to its environment. Periodogram and cosinor analysis can be used to estimate the characteristics of the circadian rhythm of Tc from data obtained on loggers that have limited memory capacity and battery life. The sampling interval can be manipulated to maximise the recording period, but the impact of sampling interval on the output of periodogram or cosinor analysis is unknown. Some basic guidelines are available from signal analysis theory, but those guidelines have never been tested on Tc data. We obtained data at 1‐, 5‐ or 10‐min intervals from nine avian or mammalian species, and re‐sampled those data to simulate logging at up to 240‐min intervals. The period of the rhythm was first analysed using the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, and the mesor, amplitude, acrophase and adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) from the original and the re‐sampled data were obtained using cosinor analysis. Sampling intervals longer than 60 min did not affect the average mesor, amplitude, acrophase or adjusted R2, but did impact the estimation of the period of the rhythm. In most species, the period was not detectable when intervals longer than 120 min were used. In all individual profiles, a 30‐min sampling interval modified the values of the mesor and amplitude by less than 0.1°C, and the adjusted R2 by less than 0.1. At a 30‐min interval, the acrophase was accurate to within 15 min for all species except mice. The adjusted R2 increased as sampling frequency decreased. In most cases, a 30‐min sampling interval provides a reliable estimate of the circadian Tc rhythm using periodogram and cosinor analysis. Our findings will help biologists to select sampling intervals to fit their research goals.

Arifjanov Aybek, Samiyev Luqmon, Eshboyev Navruz et al.

The trend analysis of the study was acquired by selecting multiyear seasonal groundwater table data and monitors the wells in each sub-area under the study area. To calculate and assess the spatial differences in the inanition of groundwater table, geostatistical methods was applied based on data from 14 groundwater wells during the period from January 2000 to December 2021 which were obtained from a secondary source, “Uzbekhydrogeology” State Institution. The geographic information system was used to assess the spatial change in order to find the level of groundwater. In this study, Inverse Distance Weightage was applied for estimating the attribute values of locations that are within the database using known data values. Then the interpolated data values were extracted for Statistical Analysis using Man-Kendall’s Test. Finally, based on the results of the Mann-Kendall test (Z) and Sen's Slope (Q), seasonal changes of the groundwater level were determined, and electronic maps of the area were created using the IDW interpolation method.

Shenglin Li, Muneer Ahmed Khoso, Jiabo Wu et al.

The environmental conditions encompassing plants exert a significant impact on their appropriate growth and development. It is of utmost importance to investigate the mechanisms and signaling cascades underlying the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress in order to enhance the quality of crops. Plant growth and development processes are significantly impacted by abiotic stresses, which are intricately linked to their surroundings. Plants exhibit prompt genetic and metabolic network responses, mostly through signaling networks involving transcription factors that respond to stress, including WRKY, MYB, bZIP, AP2/EREBP, and NAC. Among these WRKY TFs transcription factors, fulfill a pivotal function in a diverse range of stress responses and developmental mechanisms. WRKY TFs greatly assist plants in coping with abiotic stress. These transcription factors oversee the control of several target gene categories and active involvement in numerous signaling cascades in plants through their interaction with the W-box cis-acting elements located in the promoters of these target genes.This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the signaling networks linked to WRKY TFs and their response mechanism to abiotic stress. In addition, we have explored the state of knowledge on WRKY TFs' effects on plants' response to a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, high temperatures, and cold. It elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms by which WRKY TFs govern signaling pathways and modulate gene expression, thereby conferring stress tolerance upon plants. Moreover, we have summarized the molecular function of WRKY TFs that are involved in tolerance to biotic stress. WRKY TFs, involved in signaling networks and hormonal routes like SA and JA, aid plants in inducing resistance mechanisms and coordinating defense responses against pathogens and environmental challenges. In order to enhance agricultural sustainability and augment crop resilience towards stress, strategies to manipulate the intricate regulatory networks involving WRKY TFs need to be established.

Hsiu-Ching Chiu, Louise Ada, Rong-Ju Cherng et al.

The objective of this study was to examine the difference in sensory-motor impairments (i.e., balance, contracture, coordination, strength, spasticity, and sensation) between legs in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. An observational study measured both lower limbs of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy over one session. Six sensory-motor impairments (balance, coordination, strength, spasticity, contracture, and proprioception) were measured. The between-leg differences were analyzed using the paired t-tests and presented as the mean differences (95% confidence interval (CI)). Twenty-four participants aged 10.3 years (standard deviation: 1.3) participated. The affected leg was less than the less-affected leg in terms of the strength of dorsiflexors (mean difference (MD) -2.8 Nm, 95% CI −4.2 to −1.4), plantarflexors (MD -2.6 Nm, 95% CI −4.1 to −1.0), knee extensors (MD -5.3 Nm, 95% CI −10.2 to −0.5) as well as range of ankle dorsiflexion (MD -8 deg, 95% CI −13 to −3), and balance (median difference -11.1, 95% CI −11.6 to −10.6). There was a trend toward a difference in terms of the strength of hip abductors (MD -2.6 Nm, 95% CI −5.3 to 0.1) and coordination (MD -0.20 taps/s, 95% CI −0.42 to 0.01). The legs were similar in terms of the strength of hip extensors (MD 0.3 Nm, 95% CI -4.7 to 5.3), proprioception (MD 1 deg, 95% CI 0 to 2), and spasticity (median difference 0, 95% CI 0 to 0). Examination of the difference in sensory-motor impairments between legs in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy has given us some insights into the deficits in both legs. Not only was balance, strength, and coordination decreased compared with the less-affected leg but also the less-affected leg was markedly decreased compared with typically developing children. Therefore, an intervention aimed at increasing muscle strength and coordination in both legs might have a positive effect, particularly on more challenging physical activities. This may, in turn, lead to successful participation in mainstream sport and recreation.

Naserddine Hamadi, Sumaya Beegam, Nur Elena Zaaba et al.

Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is prevalent in Asian and Middle Eastern countries and has recently gained worldwide popularity, especially among youth. WPS has potentially harmful chemicals and is associated with a wide range of adverse effects on different organs. However, little is known regarding the impact of WPS inhalation on the brain and especially on the cerebellum. Presently, we aimed at investigating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as microgliosis and astrogliosis in the cerebellum of BALB/C mice chronically (6 months) exposed to WPS compared with air-exposed mice (control). WPS inhalation augmented the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in cerebellar homogenates. Likewise, WPS increased oxidative stress markers including 8-isoprostane, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and superoxide dismutase. In addition, compared with the air-exposed group, WPS caused an increase in the oxidative DNA damage marker, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, in cerebellar homogenates. Similarly, in comparison with the air group, WPS inhalation elevated the cerebellar homogenate levels of cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Immunofluorescence analysis of the cerebellum showed that WPS exposure significantly augmented the number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive microglia and astroglia, respectively. Taken together, our data show that chronic exposure to WPS is associated with cerebellar inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, microgliosis and astrogliosis. These actions were associated with a mechanism involving NF-κB activation.

Mizuki Yamada, Mizuki Yamada, Hyunjun Gam et al.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in transgender men (TM) results in side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness. Exercise may be useful to ameliorate such effects, but no studies have examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise in TM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in TM. Thirty-six participants were included, comprising 12 TM (duration of TRT: 57.4 ± 30.3 months), 12 males and 12 females. All participants performed acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 min. Arterial stiffness as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured before exercise (Pre), 30 min after exercise (Post30), and 60 min after exercise (Post60). Serum sex hormone levels, and serum lipid profile were determined only before exercise. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels before exercise were significantly higher in TM than in males or females (males: p &lt; 0.01; females: p &lt; 0.05). At all points, baPWV in TM was significantly higher than in females (p &lt; 0.05) and significantly lower than in males (p &lt; 0.05). However, when comparing changes in baPWV over time in each group, significant decreases in Post30 and Post60 were seen in males compared to Pre (both p &lt; 0.05), but no significant change after aerobic exercise was seen in TM or females. These results suggest that acute aerobic exercise yield different effects in TM than in males, but is unlikely to reduce arterial stiffness in TM receiving TRT.

Yoshinori Marunaka, M.D., Ph.D., Katsumi Yagi, Ph.D.

Intracellular protein trafficking processes consisting of three intracellular states are described by three differential equations. To solve the equations, a quadratic equation is required, and its roots are generally real or complex. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the meanings of roots of real and complex numbers. To clarify the point, we define that: 1) ‘kI’ is the insertion rate from an insertion state trafficking to the plasma membrane state; 2) ‘kE’, the endocytotic rate from the plasma membrane state trafficking to a recycling state; 3) ‘kR’, the recycling rate from the recycling state trafficking to the insertion state. Amounts of proteins in three states are expressed as αelt+βemt+γ with α,β,γ = constant and l and m are roots of a quadratic equation, r2+kI+kE+kRr+kIkE+kIkR+kEkR=0. When l and m are real kI2+kE2+kR2>2kIkE+kEkR+kRkI, amounts of proteins in three states shows no oscillatory change but a monotonic change after a transient increase (or decrease); when l and m are complex kI2+kE2+kR2<2kIkE+kEkR+kRkI, amounts of proteins in three states are expressed as αelt+βemt+γ=2g2+h2sinbt+σeat+γ (α, β, l, m = complex and γ, a,b,g,h,σ = real: α,β = conjugate each other; l,m = conjugate each other), showing an oscillatory change with time. The frequency of oscillatory change appearance is evaluated to be 60% at random combinations of three trafficking rates, kI, kE and kR. The present study indicates that complex numbers have an essentially important meaning in appearance of oscillatory phenomena in bodily and cellular function.

Yong Han, Guobin Xia, Dollada Srisai et al.

Neuronal signaling has an important role in the regulation of energy expenditure and body weight, however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, the authors report a AgRP-MC4R-serotonin expressing neuronal circuit that regulate energy expenditure without affecting feeding.

Wenwei Zhang, Holden He, Limin Gong et al.

Objective Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sucralose on diet preference and growth performance of weaned piglets, and a third experiment was a 28-d safety study to examine if high-dose sucralose could affect the health state of weaned piglets. Methods In experiment one, 48 piglets had free access to a corn-soybean based diet and the same diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose for 15 d. In experiment two, 180 piglets were blocked into 5 treatments with 6 replications. They were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg sucralose for 28 days. In experiment three, 108 piglets were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and fed diets supplemented with 0, 150 (suitable level), and 1,500 (ten-fold suitable level) mg/kg sucralose for 28 d. Results The experiment 1 showed that piglets preferred (p<0.05) diets containing sucralose during experimental period. In experiment 2, piglets fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs in the control group and other treatment groups during the experiment period. The concentrations of sucralose over 150 mg/kg may decrease feed intake. However, no difference in feed conversion ratio was observed. In experiment 3, piglets fed diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher ADG and ADFI than that of pigs in the control group and 1,500 mg/kg treatment groups during the experiment period. Clinical blood metabolites, organ index and histological morphology were not significantly different between sucralose treatments. Conclusion Sucralose can promote feed intake and thereby improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, inclusion of 1,500 mg/kg sucralose was demonstrated to have no observed adverse effects. Supplementing 150 mg/kg sucralose for weaned piglets is recommended in this study.

Geoffrey A. Head

Hamidreza Seyedabadi, Khadijeh Nasiri, Said Abdoullah Hosseini et al.

<strong>Objective</strong> <br />The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different levels of <em>Zataria multiflora</em> with Avilamycin antibiotic and probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis on humoral and cellular immunity and expression of MUC2 gene in broiler chickens of Arian strain. <br /><strong> </strong> <br /><strong>Materials and methods</strong> <br />This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with five experimental groups with 4 replicates and 25 observations in each replicate. Experimental groups included basal diet and basal diet containing 100 mg Bacillus subtilis, 150 mg avilamycin, 200 mg and 400 mg <em>Zataria multiflora</em> essence, respectively. In order to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity, the antibody produced against the sheep's red blood cell, white blood cell differentialcounts and the volume percentage of red blood cells were determined. Expression of MUC2 gene from the intestinal tissues was investigated by Real time PCR. <br /><strong> </strong> <br /><strong>Results</strong> <br />The results showed that response to red blood cells of sheep, immunoglobulin G and M was not affected by experimental groups(p>0.05). The number of white blood cells and the ratio of heterophil to lymphocyte were not affected by the experimental groups (p>0.05). The expression of MUC2 gene in the chickens that consumed the basal diet included <em>Zataria multiflora</em> was significantly increased compared with the control group. <br /><strong> </strong> <br /><strong>Conclusions</strong> <br />The results showed that the use of <em>Zataria multiflora</em> essence could be having moderating effects on the immune system. <em>It</em>, by increasing the expression of MUC2 gene, could be having improving effect on the digestive system performance of broiler chickens. <br>  <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>Seyedabadi H, Nasiri K, Hosseini SA, Roudbari Z (2019) Comparison of the Effects of Different Levels of Zataria multiflora Eessence with Avilamycin and Probiotic Based on Bacillus subtilis on Immune System and MUC2 Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 11 (1), 55-74.  <br>  <br>Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 11 (1), 55-74. <br>DOI: 10.22103/jab.2019.13490.1115 <br>Received:  February 2, 2019; Accepted: April 4, 2019 <br>© Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman-Iranian Biotechnology Society

Wasan Abd Wahab, Kathy Collinson, Donald W Gross

We report a case of a 52-year-old man with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, with post-ictal violent aggressive behaviors. Postictal violent outbursts would occur 3–4 times per year following clusters of seizures or generalized tonic–clonic convulsions. The violent outbursts were traumatizing for his family, and lead to multiple emergency department presentations as well as conflicts with police over the course of nine years. After initiation of pindolol the patient has had no episodes of violent behavior in two years despite experiencing the same frequency and severity of seizures as before pindolol. The abrupt cessation of postictal violent outbursts after introduction of pindolol in this case provides a novel management option for the treatment of postictal violence in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and supports the importance of the beta adrenergic and potentially serotonergic systems in postictal violent behavior.

Toshaba Channa, Syed Asim Hussain

The study about the skills, art and science of movement of human being is known as Physical education, it is necessary for whole educational procedure. The main purpose of PE is the progress of human being. It plays a significant part in the activity levels of athletes. Physical education not only fulfills a distinctive part in education, but is also an essential component of sports activities. In this paper a concise review of the research on students perception about the coaching performance of college female directress sports have been presented. Student ratings are most important to assess of teaching effectiveness, active contribution and meaningful participation from students can be significant in the success of such teaching assessment systems. For this purpose the total number of subjects N=90 girls students (45 each from BA part I and BA part II) were used as a sample of the study from nine G. G. D. C of Hyderabad city to assess the coaching performance of female directress sports. The five point Likert scale was applied to collect the data, which ranges from “strongly agrees” to “strongly disagree”. The outcome of the study concluded that generally the female Directress sports coaching techniques were better and they comprise the potential to exhibit, train, assess, and exact the techniques. The present study outcome may demonstrate that students are usually considered for progress in teaching to be the most important for the result of a teaching evaluation system. Furthermore, the result shows that through student’s feedback about coaching evaluations the course content and format can be developed. Students should be encouraged to participate in the coaching evaluation system because through this they will be able to provide significant opinion. Quality students participation is essential sign to improve teaching efficiency.

Deenaz Zaidi, Deenaz Zaidi, Eytan Wine et al.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing both Crohn Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are globally prevalent diseases, impacting children of all ages. The hallmark of IBD is a perturbed immune system that leads to continuous inflammation in the gut and challenges optimal treatment. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ), a nuclear transcription factor, plays a major role in gut homeostasis and contributes significantly toward a balanced, homeostatic immune system. Dysregulation in the NF-κβ pathway and factors that regulate it lead to a state of uncontrolled inflammation and altered immunity, as typically observed in IBD. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines that are regulated through NF-κβ are increased in both CD and UC. Genes known to activate NF-κβ, such as, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and Interleukin 23 (IL-23), are associated with IBD. Factors involved in inhibition of NF-κβ, such as A20 and TOLLIP, are also affected in IBD, resulting in failed inflammation suppression/regulation. NOD-2 and A20 have specifically been found to be strongly associated with pediatric IBD. Gut commensals are known to exert anti-inflammatory activities toward NF-κβ and can have a potential role in attenuating inflammation that likely occurs due to microbial dysbiosis in IBD. Failure to terminate/downregulate NF-κβ signaling results in chronic inflammation in IBD. Well-regulated control of inflammation in children with IBD can help better control the disease and suppress immune responses. Better understanding of factors that control NF-κβ can potentially lead toward discovering targeted therapeutic interventions for IBD. Suppression of NF-κβ can be achieved through many modalities including anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNA (small interfering RNA), factors regulating NF-κβ, and microbes. This review focuses on the role of NF-κβ, especially in pediatric IBD, and potential therapeutic venues for attenuating NF-κβ-induced inflammation.

Michael Hilder, Frank Herbstreit, Michael Adamzik et al.

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients but is associated with complications and costs. Here, we validate various scores supposed to predict mortality and develop an optimized categorical model. Methods In a derivation cohort, 108 ARDS patients (2010–2015) on veno-venous ECMO were retrospectively analysed to assess four established risk scores (ECMOnet-Score, RESP-Score, PRESERVE-Score, Roch-Score) for mortality prediction (receiver operating characteristic analysis) and to identify by multivariable logistic regression analysis independent variables for mortality to yield the new PRESET-Score (PREdiction of Survival on ECMO Therapy-Score). This new score was then validated both in independent internal (n = 82) and external (n = 59) cohorts. Results The median (25%; 75% quartile) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 14 (12; 16), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 62.5 (57; 72.8), median intensive care unit stay was 17 days (range 1–124), and mortality was 62%. Only the ECMOnet-Score (area under curve (AUC) 0.69) and the RESP-Score (AUC 0.64) discriminated survivors and non-survivors. Admission pHa, mean arterial pressure, lactate, platelet concentrations, and pre-ECMO hospital stay were independent predictors of death and were used to build the PRESET-Score. The score’s internal (AUC 0.845; 95% CI 0.76–0.93; p < 0.001) and external (AUC 0.70; 95% CI 0.56–0.84; p = 0.008) validation revealed excellent discrimination. Conclusions While our data confirm that both the ECMOnet-Score and the RESP-Score predict mortality in ECMO-treated ARDS patients, we propose a novel model also incorporating extrapulmonary variables, the PRESET-Score. This score predicts mortality much better than previous scores and therefore is a more precise choice for decision support in ARDS patients to be placed on ECMO.

Ozturk Burcu, Anli Ertan

Novel techniques have been searched in the last decades as a result of increasing demand for high quality food products. Non-thermal processing technologies, such as pulsed electric fields (PEF) have been improved to achieve inhibition of deleterious effects on quality-related compounds. The working principle of PEF is based on the application of pulses of high voltage (typically above 20 kV/cm up to 70 kV/cm) to liquid foods placed between two electrodes. Pulsed electric fields technique has also been studied in winemaking process. Certain positive influences of PEF on vinification have been reported as elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, reduction of maceration time, increase in phenolic compounds extraction , acceleration of wine aging and inactivation of oxidative enzymes. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential applications of PEF in winemaking and to express its effects on quality of wine.

V. A. Belov, Y. V. Belova

Rhinosinusitis in children is one of the most pressing subjects in the modern clinical healthcare. This is due to the fact that rhinosinusitis is a widespread condition that affects more than 14% of adults and children [1, 2]. The article tells about the major predisposing factors and immediate causes of acute rhinosinusitis. The focus is on the anatomy and physiology of paranasal sinuses. The essentials of pathogenetic approaches to treatment and basic principles of rational use of antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in children are demonstrated.

Pariya Salami, Maxime Lévesque, Ruba Benini et al.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is characterized in humans and in animal models by a seizure-free latent phase that follows an initial brain insult; this period is presumably associated to plastic changes in temporal lobe excitability and connectivity. Here, we analyzed the occurrence of interictal spikes and high frequency oscillations (HFOs; ripples: 80–200 Hz and fast ripples: 250–500 Hz) from 48 h before to 96 h after the first seizure in the rat pilocarpine model of MTLE. Interictal spikes recorded with depth EEG electrodes from the hippocampus CA3 area and entorhinal cortex (EC) were classified as type 1 (characterized by a spike followed by a wave) or type 2 (characterized by a spike with no wave). We found that: (i) there was a switch in the distribution of both types of interictal spikes before and after the occurrence of the first seizure; during the latent phase both types of interictal spikes predominated in the EC whereas during the chronic phase both types of spikes predominated in CA3; (ii) type 2 spike duration decreased in both regions from the latent to the chronic phase; (iii) type 2 spikes associated to fast ripples occurred at higher rates in EC compared to CA3 during the latent phase while they occurred at similar rates in both regions in the chronic phase; and (iv) rates of fast ripples outside of spikes were higher in EC compared to CA3 during the latent phase. Our findings demonstrate that the transition from the latent to the chronic phase is paralleled by dynamic changes in interictal spike and HFO expression in EC and CA3. We propose that these changes may represent biomarkers of epileptogenicity in MTLE.