Hasil untuk "Men"

A. Romero‐Corral, V. Somers, J. Sierra-johnson et al.

W. Bremner, M. Vitiello, P. Prinz

T. Antonucci, H. Akiyama

M. Pouliot, J. Despres, A. Nadeau et al.

J. Gorelick, M. Goldstein

Mehrab Beikzadeh, Chenglin Hong, Cory J Cascalheira et al.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at elevated risk for sexually transmitted infections and harmful drinking compared to heterosexual men. Text data collected from social media and dating applications may provide new opportunities for personalized public health interventions by enabling automatic identification of risk and protective behaviors. In this study, we evaluated whether text from social media and dating apps can be used to predict sexual risk behaviors, alcohol use, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among MSM. With participant consent, we collected textual data and trained machine learning models using features derived from ChatGPT embeddings, BERT embeddings, LIWC, and a dictionary-based risk term approach. The models achieved strong performance in predicting monthly binge drinking and having more than five sexual partners, with F1 scores of 0.78, and moderate performance in predicting PrEP use and heavy drinking, with F1 scores of 0.64 and 0.63. These findings demonstrate that social media and dating app text data can provide valuable insights into risk and protective behaviors and highlight the potential of large language model-based methods to support scalable and personalized public health interventions for MSM.

Isabella Di Filippo, Bruno Escobar, Juan Facal

We study how increases in remote work opportunities for men affect their spouses' labor supply. Exploiting variation in the change in work-from-home (WFH) exposure across occupations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we find that increases in men's WFH exposure led to sizable improvements in their wives' labor-market outcomes: annual employment rose by roughly 2.5 percentage points (from a 69% pre-treatment mean), earnings increased by about 5%, weekly hours worked rose by roughly half an hour, weeks worked increased by about 1.3%, and the likelihood of part-time work declined by approximately 9%. Evidence from time-use diaries and childcare questionnaires suggests these effects are driven by intra-household reallocation of child-caring time: women are less likely to engage in primary childcare activities, while men working at home partially compensate by covering more for their spouse. These results highlight the role of households in shaping the labor market consequences of remote work.

R. J. Urban, Y. Bodenburg, C. Gilkison et al.

D. Keetch, W. Catalona, Deborah S. Smith

A. Eagly

Huijing He, Li Pan, Feng Liu et al.

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Red blood cell indices (RBIs) are associated with CVD risk factors (CRFs) and easy to test, making them useful as a screening tool for early identification of individuals at high risk for CVDs. Methods Data from 31,781 participants in the China National Health Survey conducted from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed. Linear and non-linear relationships between RBIs and CRFs (hyperuricemia, diabetes, dyslipidemia) were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Propensity score weighting was used to balance confounders between RBI groups in the multivariable logistic regression models. Results Hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and hematocrit all showed a significant linear dose-response association with all CRFs (p values < 0.001). Higher RBIs levels were associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia, diabetes, high LDL, high triglycerides, and high total cholesterol, but decreased HDL. For example, compared to the lowest quantile of HGB, the highest quantile had a 26% (13-40%) higher risk for hyperuricemia, a 43% (25-63%) higher risk of diabetes, 87% (61%-1.18 fold) higher risk of high LDL, and 68% (52-85%) higher risk of high triglycerides. Non-linear relationships were revealed between RBIs and most CRFs except uric acid and glucose. Sex differences were observed, with stronger associations between RBIs and hyperuricemia in women but stronger links with high LDL in men. Conclusions Elevated RBIs indicated higher risk of multiple CRFs. These findings suggest incorporating RBIs into CVD screening strategies to facilitate early prevention efforts, with consideration of sex differences.

E. Díaz-Mesa, C. Cárdenes Moreno, A. Morera-Fumero et al.

Introduction Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation (Del Rio D, et al. A review of recent studies on MDA as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005;15:316-28). It is a biomarker of oxidative stress and is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Goh et al. Asian J Psychiatr. 2022;67:102932). Schizofrenia is linked to disrupted oxidative balance and inflammation (Więdłocha et al. Brain Sci. 2023;13:490). Prior research has shown connections between biomarkers and circadian rhythms in schizophrenia (Morera & Abreu. Acta Physiol Scand. 2007;43:313-14) and diabetes type 2 (Kanabrocki EL, et al. Circadian variation in oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy and type II diabetic men. Chronobiol Int. 2002;19:423-39). To determinate if MDA levels have a role in schizophrenia and follow a circadian rhythm may be useful. Objectives The aim of our study is to compare diurnal and nocturnal MDA serum levels in patients in acute and stabilized phases of schizophrenia according to CIE-10 to find out if there are variations related with circadian rhythms Methods 47 patients were included in our study in two clinical phases: acute episode and stabilization. Blood samples were collected at 12:00h and at 00:00h. MDA serum levels were measured twice: when patients were decompensated (admission) and at clinical stabilization (discharge). The relationship between quantitative variables at both times was analysed by T-Student test Results There is no significative difference between night and day MDA levels in the acute phase of the schizophrenia (2.22±1.352 vs. 1.93±1.530, p<0.09). There is statistical significance between 12:00 and 00:00 (1.90±1.136 vs. 1.34±0.868, p<0.001) at discharge: it was observed that levels decreased. This result can be interpreted as there is circadian rhythm in stabilized phases. Conclusions MDA levels in patients with schizophrenia do not follow a circadian rhythm in the acute episode. When they are clinically stabilized present a circadian change. These patients lose the circadian rhythm in acute episodes. MDA circadian rhythm may help diagnose the clinical phase and its severity. It is necessary to perform more studies to know its utility as an oxidative biomarker Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Christopher J. Fischer, Jennifer Delgado, Sarah LeGresley et al.

We assessed changes in calculus proficiency and calculus self-efficacy in a second semester course of introductory physics focused on electricity and magnetism. While all students demonstrated an increase in calculus proficiency, including a possible improvement in calculus transfer to physics, women displayed larger gains than men. Conversely, men showed larger gains in calculus self-efficacy. When combined, these data suggest that student identity modulates the correlation between a student's calculus abilities and their perception or self-evaluation of those abilities. These data highlight a potential contributing factor to gender-related differences in physics self-efficacy as well as the complexity of addressing those differences.

Amy A. Hakim, H. Petrovitch, C. Burchfiel et al.

Debra J Umberson, Meichu D. Chen, J. House et al.

Oleksandr Rossolov, Anastasiia Botsman, Serhii Lyfenko et al.

This paper examines the mode choice behaviour of people who may act as occasional couriers to provide crowd-shipping (CS) deliveries. Given its recent increase in popularity, online grocery services have become the main market for crowd-shipping deliveries' provider. The study included a behavioural survey, PTV Visum simulations and discrete choice behaviour modelling based on random utility maximization theory. Mode choice behaviour was examined by considering the gender heterogeneity of the occasional couriers in a multimodal urban transport network. The behavioural dataset was collected in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, at the beginning of 2021. The results indicated that women were willing to provide CS service with 8% less remuneration than men. Women were also more likely to make 10% longer detours by car and metro than men, while male couriers were willing to implement 25% longer detours when travelling by bike or walking. Considering the integration of CS detours into the couriers' routine trip chains, women couriers were more likely to attach the CS trip to the work-shopping trip chain whilst men would use the home-home evening time trip chain. The estimated marginal probability effect indicated a higher detour time sensitivity with respect to expected profit and the relative detour costs of the couriers.

S. Lundberg, Elaina Rose

N. Siegfried, Martie Muller, J. Volmink et al.

Sheilagh Hodgins, Sheilagh Hodgins

The percentage of forensic psychiatric patients who are female varies from 5 to 13% in Europe, rises to 18% in England and Wales, and sits at 15% in Canada. Similarly, many fewer women than men are incarcerated in correctional facilities. While these statistics supposedly reflect less antisocial and aggressive behavior (AAB) among females than males, not all findings support this supposition. Data from prospective longitudinal studies show that aggressive and antisocial behavior onsets in childhood, and in a small group of females it remains stable across the life-span. Unlike similar males, few of these females are convicted of crimes. This article begins with a review of descriptive studies of females sentenced by criminal courts to treatment in forensic psychiatric hospitals and moves on to present evidence showing that most female AAB does not lead to criminal prosecution. Next, studies of female AAB are reviewed, noting that it onsets in early childhood and, that in a small group remains stable across the life-span. Subsequent sections of the article focus on the two most common mental disorders presented by female forensic patients, schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, highlighting what is known about the sub-groups of women with these disorders who present AAB. The article concludes with recommendations for earlier identification by psychiatric services of women presenting mental disorders and AAB, treatments to reduce both the symptoms of their mental disorders and their life-long AAB, and the research that is needed in order to improve the effectiveness of these treatments. The real possibilities of prevention of the development of AAB, and even perhaps aspects of the mental disorders that plague female forensic patients, are described.

Shabana Siddique, Imen Farhat, Cariton Kubwabo et al.

Exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is extensive, yet few studies have investigated their association with hormone levels or semen quality. Here, we studied the association between urinary concentrations of OPEs and their metabolites with hormone levels and semen parameters in men (n = 117) predominantly in the 20–29 years age range who were recruited from the greater Montreal area between 2009 and 2012. Urine, serum, and semen samples were analyzed for OPEs, hormones, and semen quality, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and di-cresyl phosphate (DCPs) were detected in urine at a frequency ≥ 95%. The highest geometric mean concentration was observed for DPHP (18.54 ng/mL) and the second highest was B2,4DtBPP (6.23 ng/mL). Associations between a doubling in analyte concentrations in urine and hormone levels and semen quality parameters were estimated using multivariable linear regression. B2,4DtBPP levels were positively associated with total T3 (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17). DPHP was inversely associated with estradiol (β = -2.56; 95% CI: −5.00, −0.17), and TCIPP was inversely associated with testosterone (β = -0.78; 95% CI: −1.40, −0.17). Concentrations of BCIPP were inversely associated with sperm concentrations (β = -7.76; 95% CI: −14.40, −0.61), progressive motility (β = − 4.98; 95% CI: −8.71, −1.09), and the sperm motility index (β = -9.72; 95% CI: −17.71, −0.96). In contrast, urinary DPHP concentrations were positively associated with the sperm motility (β = 4.37; 95% CI: 0.76, 8.12) and fertility indices (β = 6.64; 95% CI: 1.96, 11.53). Thus, OPE detection rates were high and exposure to several OPEs was associated with altered hormone levels and semen parameters. The possibility that OPEs affect male reproduction warrants further investigation.