This study presents the development and optimization of an electrochemical additive manufacturing technique for the fabrication of copper parts with various geometries, including dots, lines, and complex shapes, on metallic substrates. A customized syringe-based printing system was designed to enable precise, localized electrochemical additive manufacturing. The influences of key process parameters, including deposition voltage, nozzle feed rate, nozzle-to-substrate distance, and inter-electrode gap, on the deposition rate, surface morphology, and microstructure of the copper parts were systematically investigated. The results indicate that increasing the deposition voltage accelerates the growth rate but compromises surface smoothness and crystalline refinement. Optimal printing deposition was achieved at an applied voltage of 3 V, a nozzle feed rate of 0.4 mm/s, a nozzle-to-substrate distance of 0.1 mm, and the electrode spacing of 0.3 mm, yielding dense and uniform copper structures, as confirmed by optical microscopy and surface profilometry. The study highlights how variations in process parameters influence the deposition speed, surface quality, and microstructure of copper parts, establishing an optimal range for process settings. These findings offer significant guidance for achieving high-performance metal additive manufacturing in the future.
To achieve weight reduction, toughness enhancement, and the fabrication of complex structures in SiC composites, a combination of SLS and PIP processes was used. Silicon carbide powder served as the matrix material, while short carbon fibres were used for toughening, resulting in dense Cf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. The effects of varying carbon fibre sizes and contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cf/SiC composites were examined. Results indicated that adding 8% carbon fibre increased the fracture toughness of Cf/SiC composites by 33.33%. Further increases in carbon fibre content showed minimal effects on fracture toughness. Based on experimental results and finite element simulations, toughening mechanisms, including fibre pull-out, fibre debonding, and crack deflection, were further elucidated. Consequently, Cf/SiC composites with complex structures, such as turbine specimens and lattice structures, were successfully fabricated.
The article aims to present sustainable development reporting based on data obtained from Polish commercial banks, considering different approaches and scopes of presenting non-financial data, even though specific guidelines have been issued. The research procedure included a literature review of Polish and foreign literature and research using the case study method. The article presents examples of environmental, social and governance (ESG) activities reported by selected commercial banks in Poland in a case study. ESG activities are reported separately and presented as part of annual reports. Many of the banks’ activities presented in the survey can serve as a model for others, as not all banks have a clearly written ESG strategy. A positive effect of reporting ESG activities is the clarification of indicators, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, eliminating exposure to the extractive sector or increasing “green” financing. This article can contribute to showing role models for banks in three areas, i.e., environmental, social and corporate governance. As a result, the authors tried to propose solutions where sector organisations could compare themselves in non-financial areas.
Barsalou Matthew, Saraiva Pedro Manuel, Henriques Roberto
This paper explores Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). Graphical methods are used to gain insights in EDA and these insights can be useful for forming tentative hypotheses when performing a root cause analysis (RCA). The topic of EDA is well addressed in the literature; however, empirical studies of the efficacy of EDA are lacking. We therefore aim to evaluate EDA by comparing one group of students identifying salient features in a table against a second group of students attempting to identify salient features in the same data presented in the form of a run chart, and then extracting relevant conclusions from such a comparison. Two groups of students were randomly selected to receive data; either in the form of a table or a run chart. They were then tasked with visually identifying any data points that stood out as interesting. The number of correctly identified values and the time to find the values were both evaluated by a two-sample t-test to determine if there was a statistically significant difference. The participants with a graph found the correct values that stood out in the data much quicker than those that used a table. Those using the data in the form of a table too much longer and failed to identify values that stood out. However, those with a graph also had far more false positives. Much has been written on the topic of EDA in the literature; however, an empirical evaluation of this common methodology is lacking. This paper confirms with empirical evidence the effectiveness of EDA.
Bruna Felippes, Isaac da Silva, Sanderson Barbalho
et al.
This paper proposes a new Readiness Model, 3D-CUBE, to assess the current state of manufacturing companies in the digital transformation context. Using a systematic literature review with 8-Steps-Search-Flow and a hypothetical-deductive framework (considering maturity as an 'input' enabler and not as an 'output'), the best information of 63 existing models was selected from 486 studies found in 10 databases. The 3D-CUBE was elaborated, with 3 dimensions (X = Organizational , Y = Technological , and Z = Process Maturity), 6 sub-dimensions, and 21 elements, including a scale 0-5 to assess the company readiness level. For the company’s Data Collection, a 3D-CUBE Questionnaire was developed, which provides a radar graph and calculates the company’s score with a readiness vector R=(X,Y,Z). Based on the existing model’s shortcoming, 3D-CUBE is a new contribution to this research stream, to help companies in getting ready for Industry 4.0. .
Although icosahedral quasicrystal phase (denoted as I-phase) has been verified as an outstanding reinforcing phase, the mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Zn-Y alloys fabricated by traditional casting processes are still unsatisfactory due to the serious segregation of intermetallic compounds. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Zn-2Y alloy fabricated by different casting processes, including permanent mold casting, squeeze casting and rheo-squeeze casting with ultrasonic vibration, were systematically investigated and compared. The results show that massive, large-sized I-phase and Mg7Zn3 phase gather together in the permanent mold cast sample, while the squeeze casting process leads to the transformation of I-phase into fine lamellar morphology and the amount of Mg7Zn3 decreases. As to the rheosqueeze casting process, when the ultrasonic vibration is exerted with power from 800 W to 1,600 W, the α-Mg grains are refined and spheroidized to a large extent, and the lamellar spacing of the eutectic structure is significantly reduced, accompanied by some tiny granular I-phase scattering in the α-Mg matrix. However, when the ultrasonic power continuously increases to 2,400 W, the eutectic structure becomes coarse. The best mechanical properties of the rheo-squeeze cast alloy are obtained when the ultrasonic power is 1,600 W. The microhardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 79.9 HV, 140 MPa, 236 MPa, and 3.25%, which are 44.1%, 26.1%, 25.5%, 132.1% respectively higher than the corresponding values of the squeeze casting sample, and are 47.6%, 44.3%, 69.8%, and 253.3% respectively higher than the corresponding values of the permanent mold casting sample.
Andrés Dieste, María Noel Cabrera, Leonardo Clavijo
et al.
Uruguay has a forest resource of 1 million ha plantation of fast-growing eucalyptus and pine. Short-fiber pulp is the country second export product in value, but there is also a significant production of plywood and graded kiln-dried timber from both species, used mainly for appearance applications. However, the value chain of the wood industry is not yet fully developed, particularly for pine. This study classified different existing and potential wood products using added value as criteria, calculated at the industry level by adopting a system of inputs and outputs. Hypothetical plants to manufacture these products were technical and economically analyzed: thermally modified timber, cross laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, pine timber, bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp, pine bleached chemical thermo-mechanical, medium density fiberboards, oriented strand board and a power plant fueled with forest biomass. The data used for this study was obtained from the final project of undergraduate engineer students of the Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, except for the eucalyptus pulp mill, which was proposed by the authors. The results showed that wood products obtained from logs that are the main objective of the plantation presented a higher added value than those manufactured from forest residues, thinnings or chips from the sawmilling industry. Solid wood products for appearance or structural applications are at the top of added value list, considering value added per product, unit of biomass or unit of forest land per year. The integration of the value chain of the products analyzed, linking solid wood products with panels or pulp, has the potential to boost the addition of value of the forest biomass in Uruguay.
Manufacturing complexity increases as a result of product configuration, and even though different manufacturing complexity measures have been developed, none of them seem to put attention to the blocking effect a product’s bill-of-material imposes to the process flow. The following paper extends the research presented by the authors in a previous paper, where a set of entropic formulations were developed to act as an increase/decrease indicator of a manufacturing system’s performance parameters. Our findings show that the improvements to the entropic formulations provide results that are closer to the system’s performance parameters final values.
Di antara berbagai instant messaging yang kini ada, LINE merupakan salah satu instant messaging yang menarik untuk diteliti dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan pengguna dan keunggulannya dibanding WhatsApp dan Blackberry. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perceived usefulness dan perceived ease of use terhadap behavioral intention pada pengguna instant messaging LINE di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis data deskriptif dan kausal, responden yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 400 pengguna instant messaging LINE di Indonesia dengan teknik sampling insidental. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perceived usefulness berada pada posisi angka 75,81% dengan kategori tinggi, perceived ease of use berada pada posisi angka 81,43% dengan kategori tinggi, behavioral intention berada pada posisi 79,52% dengan kategori tinggi, perceived usefulness berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention sebesar 18,83%, perveived ease of use berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention sebesar 36,84% serta perceived usefulness dan perceived ease of use berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral inteniton sebesar 55,7%.
Production management. Operations management, Management. Industrial management
Tony Wijaya, Nurhadi Nurhadi, Andreas Mahendro Kuncoro
<p>Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menguji 1) pengaruh sikap berwirausaha terhadap intensi berwirausaha, 2) pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap intensi berwirausaha, 3) pengaruh norma subjektif terhadap intensi berwirausaha, 4) pengaruh kecenderungan mengambil risiko terhadap sikap berwirausaha, dan 5) pengaruh kecenderungan mengambil risiko terhadap efikasi diri. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat kuantitatif dan merupakan penelitian <em>cross-sectional. </em>Populasi dalam pemelitian ini adalah mahasiswa di DIY. Teknik <em>sampling </em>menggunakan <em>purposive sampling </em>dengan kriteria mahasiswa semester akhir atau minimal semester 6 dengan pertimbangan pengambilan keputusan setelah lulus. Banyaknya sampel penelitian ini 436. Pengujian model analisis data dengan menggunakan persamaan struktural atau SEM yang dibantu dengan program AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan model intensi berwirausaha dalam penelitian ini memenuhi kaidah fit model yang berarti model yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini sesuai dengan kondisi empirik yang ada. Kecenderungan mengambil risiko memengaruhi <em>self efficacy </em>secara signifikan, kecenderungan mengambil risiko memengaruhi sikap berwirausaha secara signifikan, norma subjektif tidak memengaruhi intensi berwirausaha secara signifikan (norma subjektif sebagai faktor eksternal tidak memiliki kontribusi dalam mendorong minat mahasiswa untuk berwirausaha, mahasiswa lebih terdorong oleh aspek internal seperti kemampuan diri dan sikap dalam mengevaluasi kegiatan berwirausaha), dan <em>self-efficacy </em>memengaruhi intensi berwirausaha secara signifikan.</p>
Production management. Operations management, Management. Industrial management
Spectral analysis is the key tool for the study of vibration signals in rotating machinery. In this work, the vibration analysis applied for conditional preventive maintenance of such machines is proposed, as part of resolved problems related to vibration detection on the organs of these machines. The vibration signal of a centrifugal pump was treated to mount the benefits of the approach proposed. The obtained results present the signal estimation of a pump vibration using Fourier transform technique compared by the spectral analysis methods based on Prony approach.
Last decades, wood was promoted as building material. Wood heat treatment by mild pyrolysis has been reported to improve biological durability and dimensional stability of the material and constitutes
an attractive « non biocidal » alternative to classical preservation treatments. Previous studies have shown that conferred properties strongly depend on the heat treatment intensity. A quality control marker
based on mass loss has been developed. For several years, the increased development of Tunisian wood industry provides a significant capacity of wood production and transformation. Forests in Tunisia consist
essentially of coniferous species [Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Radiata pine (Pinus radiata), Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Stone pine (Pinus pinea)], characterised by a weak natural durability. Improved
durability and fungal resistance should allow the use of Tunisian species in the wood industry. Import limitation of European species and the use of local species allow the conservation of economic value
added in the country and improve the economic balance. For this reason, several Tunisian softwood species (Aleppo pine, Radiata pine and Maritime pine) have been heat-treated under vacuum atmosphere at
230°C to obtain a thermal degradation with mass losses of approximately 8, 10 and 12%. The oven device allows recording the dynamic Mass Loss (ML) during the treatment and following the thermodegradation
kinetic. The chemical composition of the studied wood samples was determined before and after heat treatment. For each wood species and treatment intensity, wood chemical and mechanical analyses were
performed by measuring O/C ratio, bending and hardness tests. Afterward, tests of decay resistance were performed according to the EN 113 Standard, with different fungal attacks (Poria Placenta, Coriolus
Versicolor) at 22°C and 70% of humidity for 16 weeks. Results were related to the mass loss. Furthermore, intensity of thermal degradation was evaluated by TD-GC-MS. Treated and untreated wood samples
were maintained during 15 minutes at 230 °C under nitrogen in the thermodesorption tube in order to analyse and compare resulting from the wood thermodegradation volatile compounds.
<p><em>The analysis in this paper is focused on identifying the impact of individual factors on the elements of the profit rate. The primary aim of this work is a methodological overview of solutions for understanding the full content of the profit rate as a cause of economic quality as well as indicators of the results of reproduction. </em><em>Application of model analysis of profit rate factors was performed in an enterprise from Serbia that manufactures construction materials from baked clay. The aim is of application is to test the range in determining elements and factors of economic success of the enterprise, and quantification of changes in its assumptions. The results are useful guideline for the management to take organizational measures to increase the economic success of the enterprise. This means eliminating the negative, emphasizing the positive impact of objectively, and organizational factors to make higher economic success. Based on empirical research, it could be concluded that the proposed quantitative models of analyzing the dynamics of enterprise business quality could be applied in practice.</em></p>
Abstarct
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is one of the most discussed topics in business today. It is not only in large scale business but also in small medium enterprises (SMEs). E-commerce is a paradigm shift that is radically changing traditional ways of doing business. The adoption of e-commerce has been widely analyzed in various reserachs. The purposes of this research are to identify the factors that hamper and support SMEs to adopt E-commerce and to analyze the influence of organizational support, the competency of technogy and external environtment to e-commerce adoption in SMEs. The sampe size of this research is 34 SMEs in Moyudan District, DIY which use information technology (internet) in their business. This research uses a descriptive and inferential method to solve the research problems. Based on descriptive method can be identified that the main objective of SMEs to use the internet in their business activities is to find business information (97.1%). While the main constraints faced by SMEs in adopting e-commerce is the limited human resource capacity and skills on information technology (70.6%). The main benefits obtained by SMEs adopt e-commerce in order to support its business activities are accelerating access to business information (85.3%). The other results of this research explain that organizational support, the competency of technogy and external environtment have significant positive effect to e-commerce adoption in SMEs.
Keywords:e-commerce adoption, organizational support, technology competence, external environment
Abstrak
Perdagangan berbasis elektronik (e-commerce) dewasa ini menjadi salah satu topik yang banyak didisukusikan dalam dunia binis. Tidak hanya bagi bisnis skala besar akan tetapi juga bagi Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). E-commerce merupakan pergeseran paradigma yang menggubah secara radikal terhadap cara konvensiaonal dalam berbisnis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengdisentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala dan pendorong bagi UKM dalam mengadopsi e-commerce dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari dukungan organisasional, kompetensi teknologi dan lingkungan eksternal terhadap pengadopsian e-commerce. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 UKM yang ada di wilayah Moyudan, DIY yang telah menggunakan teknologi informasi (internet) dalam kegiatan bisnisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan inferensial untuk memecahkan permasalahan penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif dapat ditunjukkan bahwa tujuan utama UKM menggunakan internet dalam kegiatan bisnisnya adalah untuk pencarian informs bisnis (97,1%). Sedangkan faktor utama yang menjadi penghambat bagi UKM dalam mengadopsi e-commerce adalah keterbatasan kemampuan dan ketermpilan sumber daya manusia dalam penguasaan teknologi informasi (70,6%). Manfaat utama yang diperoleh UKM dengan pengadopsian e-commerce dalam menjalankan kegiatan bisnisnya adalah dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi bisnis (85,3%). Hasil lain dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positip dan signifikan antara dukungan organisasional, kompetensi teknologi dan lingkungan eksternal terhadap pengadopsian e-commerce.
Kata Kunci: e-commerce, dukungan organisasional, kompetensi teknologi, lingkungan eksternal
Production management. Operations management, Management. Industrial management
Abstract
The purpose of study was the influence of trust and organizational culture to intellectual capital and its impact to organizational performance. Data was collected from 109 (21,80%) questionnaires were sent to financial managers in bank and financial institution companies at Bali, and analysis conducted by SEM. The results shows that trust and organizational cultures have an effect negatively and positively to intellectual capital elements. Human capital has an effect positively to customer capital and of structural capital. Customer capital has an effect positively to structural capital. Structural capital has an effect positively to organizational performance.
Keywords: intellectual capital, trust, organizational culture, organizational performance
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh trust dan budaya organisasi terhadap intellectual capital dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja organisasi. Data dikumpulkan dari 109 (21,80%) kuesioner yang dikirimkan kepada manajer keuangan bank dan lembaga keuangan di Bali, dan analisis menggunakan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa trust dan budaya organisasi memiliki pengaruh negatif dan positif terhadap elemen intellectual capital. Human capital berpengaruh positif terhadap customer capital dan structural capital. Customer capital berpengaruh positif terhadap structural capital. Structural capital berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja organisasi.
Kata Kunci: intellectual capital, trust, budaya organisasi, kinerja organisasi
Production management. Operations management, Management. Industrial management
In present competitive world, packaging has a significant effect on the rate of sale. Unfortunately, in Iran's packaging industry, the variation of printing methods is too low which leads to reduction in quality of packing and the amount of sale. Therefore, some manufactures prefer to send out their products to be packed. In this paper, to achieve an acceptable quality in printing the paper packaging, four factors of paper roughness, ink viscosity, grindometer (unresolved droplets of ink particles) ink and paper thickness were studied. Fractional factorial designs are used to evaluate the factors. Each factor is investigated in two levels. Based on obtained results, all the factors have a significant impact on response.
In a knitting factory, any activity oriented toward evaluation, maintenance or improvement of products quality level is based on measuring and examining the product quality characteristics, in order to establish conformity to the quality specifications and/or naming the non-quality characteristics, thus noticing defects or fabrication deficiencies.
The quality of the stitching operation has a particular influence on the finite product quality and is determined on side by the quality of knitted pieces, and on the other by insuring the correlation between the technological parameters of the stitching operation and the physico-mechanical characteristics of the knittings that are to be assembled through stitching.
Although the product execution processes comprise of manufacturing the elements and distinct subassemblies and their ulterior assembly, they present various difference dictated by the constructive particularities of the machine, as well as fabric characteristics.
Because of the multiple interactions between the material, yarn and working parts of the sawing machine, inadequacies in the technological discipline can result in negative effects on both the knitted and stitching thread as well as the machine. A part of these can be fixed by extra time consuming tasks (yarn breaks, stitching ruffling etc.), while other defects appear during the usage of the product cheapening it (stitch tearing by perforating the knitted on the stitching line, pilling effect, dimensional instability etc.).
This paper systematically presents, the main defects that may occur during the stitching operation of the products made out of circular knitted, as well as the causes that generate them along with preventive or corrective actions.
Božović Predrag, Ciraj-Bjelac Olivera, Aranđić Danijela
et al.
This paper presents results from study on patient exposure level in chest CT
examinations. CT scanners used in this study were various Siemens and General
Electric (GE) models. Data on patient doses were collected for adult and
pediatric patients. Doses measured for adult patients were lower then those
determined as Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) for Europe, while doses for
pediatric patients were similar to those found in published data. As for the
manufactures, slightly higher doses were measured on GE devices, both for
adult and pediatric patients.