Hasil untuk "Industrial productivity"

Haoliang Wang, Jingwen Li, Chengyonghui Duan et al.

This study employs panel data from China's 31 provincial-level regions (2010-2022) to investigate the impact of the digital economy (DE) and openness on green total factor productivity (GTFP). Empirical results demonstrate that both DE development and economic openness significantly enhance regional GTFP, with findings robust to endogeneity treatments and sensitivity analyses. Mechanism analysis reveals that green technology innovation (GTI) serves as a partial mediator between DE and GTFP, while industrial structure upgrading positively moderates this relationship. Regional heterogeneity analysis indicates the promoting effect of DE on GTFP is strongest in eastern China, moderate in central regions, and statistically insignificant in western areas, highlighting the role of regional development disparities. These findings provide theoretical and policy insights for achieving green transformation through digital empowerment and open policies in China. This paper has deeply revealed the positive impact mechanisms of the DE and openness on regional GTFP, filling research gaps in related fields. Meanwhile, it has verified the crucial moderating role of industrial structure, which is conducive to formulating targeted industrial policies. Additionally, it has analyzed the differences in the impact of the DE on different regions, providing important theoretical foundations for the development of differentiated regional strategies.

O. E. KOVALENKO, A. A. PIELYKH

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2074-8922-2025-85-23  The purpose of this article is to study the impact of information technology (IT) proficiency on the methodological culture of vocational education masters. The practice of applying information technologies in vocational education has shown the following: a) their use significantly increases the motivation of students to learn; b) the informatization of education reduces the psychological tension of communication between students in the system of new objective relationships between “student – computer – teacher”; c) the informatization of education increases labor productivity and improves the information culture of university teachers. The new generation of specialists must have an educational background enabling them to effectively and quickly master not only the technological devices and equipment already created by previous generations, but also those that may appear in the future. They must be prepared for the further development of science, engineering, and technology. The modern understanding of the readiness of university graduates to master new information technologies includes: knowledge of IT tools and the ability to use them; the ability to obtain, analyze, and apply information; good adaptability, expressed in the ability to cope with information loads caused by the renewal of industrial technologies, etc. The research methods included: a comprehensive analysis of scientific psychological, pedagogical, and methodological sources; synthesis and generalization of appropriate approaches to solving the problems under study. It is advisable to integrate modern information technologies into all vocational educational disciplines, which will require a certain level of professional training from teaching staff, their knowledge of the potential of these technologies, as well as the ability to use all their capabilities for practical and scientific purposes. The integration of information technologies into the educational process should be pedagogically appropriate and justified, and serve as an additional factor, rather than a total replacement of traditional forms, methods, and means of teaching in the modern professional education system. It seems promising to identify the organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing information culture as a component of methodological culture in future master's students in vocational education. In cites: Kovalenko O. E., Pielykh A. A.  (2025). Proficiency in information technologies as the basis of modern methodological culture of master's degree students in vocational education. Problems of Engineering Pedagogic Education, (85), 266-277. https://doi.org/10.26565/2074-8922-2025-85-23   (in Ukrainian)

Farid Sukmana , Budi Santosa , Arif Wibisono

This study investigated the effectiveness of various dispatching rule algorithms in optimizing work-order scheduling involving paired technicians, with a focus on minimizing downtime in industrial maintenance operations. While efficient scheduling is essential for operational productivity, existing approaches often emphasize complex technician utilization analyses that can delay decision-making and exacerbate downtime. Through simulation-based evaluation of seven dispatching rules First Come First Serve (FCFS), Last Come First Serve (LCFS), Round Robin, Longest Processing Time (LPT), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Weighted Longest Processing Time (WLPT), and Weighted Shortest Processing Time (WSPT), this study measures key performance indicators such as waiting time and repair time. The results reveal that FCFS consistently outperforms other algorithms in reducing downtime, highlighting that technician speed and scheduling responsiveness are more impactful than deep specialization in technician roles. By demonstrating the practical advantages of simpler, rule-based scheduling, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on maintenance optimization and offers actionable insights for industries seeking to streamline technician allocation. Future research should explore AI-based scheduling and dynamic team configurations to further enhance efficiency without introducing unnecessary complexity.

Burhan Turgut Ulutürk, Emre Sebat, Hilal Öztemel et al.

Purpose: Ensuring both human safety and transportation efficiency simultaneously during the navigation of autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) in warehouse logistics is a challenging problem due to dynamic environments and diverse obstacles. In this study, a social navigation approach based on artificial intelligence was developed to optimize these two critical factors.Methodology: RGB images from an Intel_RealSense_D455 depth camera mounted on the PIXER AMR were utilized in a YOLOv8-based model to detect humans and reach trucks (RT). For human detection, the YOLOv8 model was trained with 4746 images and labels for 362 epochs, while RT detection used 4193 images and labels for 450 epochs. Each dataset was split into 60% training, 20% testing, and 20% validation subsets. The depth feature of the camera was used to measure object distances. Findings: Objects detected with at least 80% accuracy had their midpoints identified, and distances were calculated using the depth camera. For humans detected within 2 meters, the robot's max_speed was reduced to 80%. For RTs detected at 6 meters, a new path was planned. Originality: This study provides a novel integration of social navigation and deep learning to address the dual challenge of ensuring safety and efficiency in AMR navigation, contributing to advancements in warehouse logistics.

Ayman Ibrahim, Nahed El Mahallawy, Islam Elsebaee et al.

Abstract In the globe, there is a rise in water demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes. Single-basin solar stills (SBSS) have been a subject of research in various countries, particularly in regions with water scarcity or limited access to clean drinking water. In this work, SBSS for desalinating high-salinity water were developed, tested, and evaluated based on a developed numerical model using MATLAB R2021a program to predict the best productivity through the best selection of raw materials used to develop the SBSS. A four-inclined SBSS was fabricated and examined experimentally according to numerical model findings for best design parameters at Marsa Matrouh, 31° 21′ 10.44″N, 27°14′14.10″ E, Agricultural Station—Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. The hourly experimental results are compared with the numerical results. A good correlation between the numerical and the experimental results with variations in water, and glass temperatures of 9, and 18% respectively, and a variation in cumulative productivity by 11%. The results clearly showed that instantaneous productivity increases by decreasing water depth to 10 mm and using the SBSS unit partially insulated from the bottom of the basin. Adding insulation in front of the sides and back of tempered glass increases the shading area and decreases water temperature hence the cumulative productivity by 15%. The cumulative productivity reached 3 L for the SBSS unit partially insulated from the bottom of the basin with an area of 0.6 m2 for only 12 h working system at a water depth of 10 mm.

Ju-Woong Yun, So-Won Choi, Eul-Bum Lee

The steel industry, as a large-scale equipment-intensive sector, emphasizes the importance of maintaining and managing equipment without failure. In line with the recent Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a growing shift from preventive to predictive maintenance (PdM) strategies for cost-effective equipment management. This study aims to develop a PdM model for the Run-Out Table (ROT) equipment in hot rolling mills of steel plants, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and to propose methods for contributing to energy efficiency through this model. Considering the operational data characteristics of the ROT equipment, an autoencoder (AE), capable of detecting anomalies using only normal data, was selected as the base model. Furthermore, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks were chosen to address the time-series nature of the data. By integrating the technical advantages of these two algorithms, a predictive maintenance model based on the LSTM-AE algorithm, named the Run-Out Table Predictive Maintenance Model (ROT-PMM), was developed. Additionally, the concept of an anomaly ratio was applied to identify equipment anomalies for each coil production. The performance evaluation of the ROT-PMM demonstrated an F1-score of 91%. This study differentiates itself by developing an optimized model that considers the specific environment and large-scale equipment operation of steel plants, and by enhancing its applicability through performance verification using actual failure data. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of PdM strategies in contributing to energy efficiency. It is expected that this research will contribute to increased energy efficiency and productivity in industrial settings, including the steel industry.

Lei WANG, Jianbo HU, Zhipeng LUO

Based on the decoupling theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between the embodied carbon productivity and the embodied value added in China’s industrial sectors, evaluates the development mode of the sectors, and explores a reasonable path to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the sectors based on the panel multinomial logit model. The empirical conclusions are as follows: (i) Except for the decrease in 2002–2005, the embodied carbon productivity achieved rapid growth in other time periods; during the period of 2002–2020, the embodied value added increased by 339.59 percentage points, with an average annual growth rate of 8.57%, and the embodied carbon productivity increased by 70.59 percentage points, with an average annual growth rate of 3.01%. (ii) As the embodied value added of the 28 industrial subsectors expanded, the changes in their embodied carbon productivity were different. This process can be roughly classified into three main phases: The first phase is the extensive growth period of 2002–2005, in which the embodied carbon productivity of most industrial subsectors declined while the embodied value added expanded; the second phase is the low-carbon transformation and development period of 2005–2012, during which the recessive positive-efficiency emission reduction became the dominant mode; and the third phase is the low-carbon development period of 2012–2020, in which the high-efficiency emission reduction became the dominant mode. (iii) When the industrial sectors are in an expansive state, increasing the substitution of capital for energy factors will make the transformation of industrial sectors more inclined to expansive high-efficiency emission reduction mode, and when the industrial sectors fall into recession, optimizing the energy structure will produce the same effect.

Sydney Mutale, Yong Wang, Jan Yasir

This paper presents two major advances in parallel assembly sequence planning (PASP) for complex systems, specifically wind turbine gearboxes. The proposed time-cost-quality PASP hybrid model (PASP-TCQ) aims to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality by aligning optimisation parameters with real-world demands. This model is designed to optimise complex assembly processes by addressing constraints on time, cost, and quality effectively. Additionally, we introduce a particle swarm-bacteria foraging optimisation (PSBFO) algorithm that integrates the global search capability of particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with the local optimisation strengths of bacteria foraging optimisation (BFO). Integrating PSBFO into PASP-TCQ achieves significant improvements: a 17% reduction in assembly time to 100 hours, a 10% cost reduction to $94,500, and a quality index improvement to 0.93. Statistical tests, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD), confirmed the PSBFO’s superiority, with significant gains of 8.44 units over BFO and 13.02 units over PSO in objective function values (p < 0.05). Extensive simulations on a 10 MW wind turbine gearbox validate the effectiveness of the PASP-TCQ and PSBFO, demonstrating their potential to enhance efficiency and productivity in industrial assembly operations.

Pengfei Hu, Chunming He, Yiming Zhu et al.

Abstract The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the improvement of the productivity and intelligent level of factory. The procedure of product quality inspection has generally adopted machine intelligence algorithms instead of manual operation to improve efficiency. In this paper, we propose a product quality inspection system scheme based on software-defined edge intelligent controller (SD-EIC). By adopting the software definition and resource virtualization technologies, the hardware platform of SD-EIC is designed to support the real-time control tasks and non-real-time edge computing tasks at the same time. To this end, we propose the scheme and architecture of product quality inspection system based on SD-EIC. Multiple virtual controllers and virtual edge computing nodes are constructed on a set of SD-EIC hardware platform to realize the integrated deployment of the real-time control for terminal devices and the AI model reasoning of product defect recognition algorithm based on machine vision respectively. In addition, the management and control scheme of product quality inspection system based on industrial information model is proposed. By constructing the semantic-based digital twin information model of terminal device, the flexible adjustment and parameter configuration of terminal device are realized to meet the demands of flexible production and manufacturing. The proposed product quality inspection system solution can effectively improve the utilization of hardware resources and the efficiency of product quality inspection, and reduce the overall deployment cost of the system. It can flexibly adapt to product diversity and different industrial scenarios.

Maja Bašić, Mile Bošnjak, Ivan Novak

This study examines the industry-specific effects of productivity shocks on exports and the internationalisation of the largest Croatian exporters. In order to answer two research questions: (1) Which hypothesis, the productivity-led hypothesis or export-led hypothesis, holds in the case of the largest Croatian exporters? (2) Are the effects of productivity shocks on exports and internationalization sectoral dependent, and in what way? The authors tested 300 largest exporters’ micro- financial data for the 2006-2015 period by using a vector autoregression (VAR) method. Three productivity measures examined are total factor productivity, labour productivity and capital productivity. The results imply that productivity-led hypothesis holds for majority of Croatian largest exporters’ sectors. Rather than a specific export-led hypothesis, a bi-directional flow has proved to have greater influence on several industrial sectors, including professional and scientific services and administrative services sectors, and to a lesser extent, transport and warehousing, accommodation and food sectors. It is predominantly negative in terms of TFP and positive in terms of labour productivity (agriculture, electricity and gas supply, wholesale and transport and warehousing, and information and communication) and capital productivity (electricity and gas supply). Managerial and policy implications of productivity shocks are discussed in the paper.

Marziale Comito, Riccardo Monguzzi, Silvia Tagliapietra et al.

Meropenem is currently the most common carbapenem in clinical applications. Industrially, the final synthetic step is characterized by a heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation in batch mode with hydrogen and Pd/C. The required high-quality standard is very difficult to meet and specific conditions are required to remove both protecting groups [i.e., <i>p</i>-nitrobenzyl (pNB) and <i>p</i>-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ)] simultaneously. The three-phase gas–liquid–solid system makes this step difficult and unsafe. The introduction of new technologies for small-molecule synthesis in recent years has opened up new landscapes in process chemistry. In this context, we have investigated meropenem hydrogenolysis using microwave (MW)-assisted flow chemistry for use as a new technology with industrial prospects. The reaction parameters (catalyst amount, T, P, residence time, flow rate) in the move from the batch process to semi-continuous flow were investigated under mild conditions to determine their influence on the reaction rate. The optimization of the residence time (840 s) and the number of cycles (4) allowed us to develop a novel protocol that halves the reaction time compared to batch production (14 min vs. 30 min) while maintaining the same product quality. The increase in productivity using this semi-continuous flow technique compensates for the slightly lower yield (70% vs. 74%) obtained in batch mode.

Natalya Ketenci, Ayşe Sevencan

Purpose: Energy is used in all areas of production and is crucial for economic growth. This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between energy productivity, economic growth, and energy use in 35 European countries, for the period of 1990-2015. Methodology: European countries are divided into two groups, namely developed and developing economies. To account for structural breaks, a panel cointegration test that allows for multiple structural breaks is applied to two groups of countries. Findings: Multiple breaks are found by the Westerlund (2006) test in the group of emerging countries, suggesting that energy policies within Europe should differ by country. Structural breaks in emerging European economies suggest that these countries are more fragile to both external and internal shocks. The results of the study also show that economic growth in developing countries increases energy dependency, while economic growth in developed European countries causes an increase in energy efficiency. Originality: This study aims to enrich the literature in two aspects. First, it analyzes energy dependence and efficiency at the same time. Secondly, it examines developed and developing European countries in two separate sub-samples by observing structural breaks in the relationship between energy dependence, energy efficiency and growth.

Yue Su, Wenting Peng, Tong Wang et al.

Ectoine, a heterocyclic amino acid produced by various bacteria, was widely used in the fields of cosmetics and medicine. In this study, a novel ectoine synthesis cluster from marine bacterium <i>Salinicola salarius</i> 1A01339 was firstly introduced into <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3) for heterologous production of ectoine. The bioinformatic analysis proved the function of these ectoine synthesis enzymes, and showed the highest identities of 83.3–87.7% with enzymes from other microorganisms. Using the whole-cell biocatalytic method, 3.28 g/L ectoine was synthesized and excreted into the medium with the substrate of 200 mM sodium aspartate at 25 °C, pH 6.5 in flask-level. Further bioconversion was performed in the fermentor system at the high cell density of 20 OD/mL, and the concentration of extracellular ectoine was increased to 22.5 g/L in 24 h (equivalent to the specific productivity of 0.94 g/L·h), achieving over 6 times of production compared with that in flasks. Significantly, the recombinant strain demonstrated a lower catalytic temperature with the optimum of 25 °C, and a stronger tolerance to the substrate aspartate of 300 mM. These results might provide a compelling case for ectoine synthesis as well as potential applications in large-scale industrial production.

E. Shadkam, F. Ghavidel

The use of assembly lines is one of the important approaches in mass production of industrial products. Imbalance of assembly lines increases cycle time and idle times, resulting in reduced production rates, line efficiency, and increased system costs, which ultimately lead to low productivity. A hybrid model assembly line is a type of production line on which various models of products are assembled. These assembly lines are increasingly accepted in the industry in order to overcome the diversity of customer demand. The hybrid model assembly line is able to respond quickly to sudden changes in demand for different models of a product without maintaining a large inventory.The purpose of this paper is to present a multi-objective integer linear mathematical programming model for balancing assembly lines, which is solved using the general criteria method. The three objective functions considered in this model are: (1) Minimizing cycle time (2) Minimize the idle time of each station and (3) increase the efficiency of the assembly line. In order to investigate the model, Iran-Shargh Neishabour Company has been considered as a case study. After implementing the proposed model of the paper, the results show the optimal performance of the proposed model and the studied parameters in line balancing have been significantly improved.

M. Korylyak, I. Hrytsyniak, O. Deren et al.

Purpose. To study the effect of thistle seeds introduced into the basic diet of carp, the functional state of antioxidant protection (AOP) and the formation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) in fish hepatopancreas. Methodology. The study has been carried out at the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries in duplicate. The first replication was done in 2013, the second one in 2014 at industrial conditions of ponds with similar areas and with the same source of water supply. The object of the study were age-2 Lubin scaled carp. The experiment consisted of four variants and lasted 60 days. The control group of carp received a complete combined feed without additives during the entire growing season, while the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received feeds supplemented with 1, 5 and 10% of milled thistle. Thistle was introduced into the feed composition by granulation method. At the end of the experiment, tissue samples of the experimental groups of fish were taken for biochemical analysis. We used 10% tissue homogenates of carp hepatopancreas. We investigated the concentration of diene conjugates using a method based on the reaction of optical density of lipid heptanizopropanol extract. The determination of TBA-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically based on the color reaction with tiobarbitur acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied by determining the percentage inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction reaction in the presence of fenazynmetasulfate. The activity of catalase was analyzed based on the concentration of H2O2. The determination of protein content was performed by Bradford method. The processing of experimental results was performed by variational statistics. Statistically significant difference was assessed using a Student t-test. Findings. As a result of experimental studies in industrial conditions in duplicate, we detected AOP activation and reduction in LPO process intensity in hepatopancreas of all three experimental groups of carp, which received the feed supplemented with 1, 5 and 10% of milled thistle as compared to the control. This trend was more pronounced when using 1 and 5% of this additive in feed composition. In particular, the SOD content significantly increased (P<0.001) in the first replicate and there was a trend for its increase by 13.8–58.2% in the second replicate as well as a reduction in the concentration of the end lipid peroxidation products of LPO (MDA) by 19.9–73.7%. Thus, the use of thistle has a positive effect on antioxidant system on age-2 carp, which in turn will have a positive effect on the functional state of their organism. Originality. The problem of finding the means to mitigate the impact of stress factors on carp, which arise during their rearing, is relevant in today's conditions, since they adversely affect the functional state of fish organism as a whole. An effective way to solve this problem is to use feed supplemented with substances with antioxidant properties. Taking into account the positive results in animal husbandry and some experience in fish farming, the studies of the efficiency of the use of thistle in feeding carp and the determination of norms and methods of its prolonged addition to the diet of carp is an urgent task that has both scientific and practical importance. Practical value. The determination of a positive effect of the use of thistle seeds in carp feeding on the activity of the course of oxidative processes in fish body will allow fish farmers to obtain a cost-effective and environmentally safe mean of levelling the stress factors that have a negative effect on fish during their rearing, at the same time directly influencing on the productivity of fish ponds.

Zhang Jiansheng, Tan Wei

The aim of this research is to investigate China’s urban green total factor productivity (TFP) under the background of progressing urbanization and intensifying environmental pollution, and found out its main influencing factors. In this paper, green TFP of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2012 was estimated through Malmquist productivity index. Results showed that the annual growth of green TFP in main cities in China is 3.5% and the overall growth declines gradually. Viewed from decomposition of green TFP, technical progress is the main contributor of green TFP growth. Furthermore, the northern coastal region has achieved the highest annual growth of green TFP (4.5%) and the northwest region achieved the lowest growth of green TFP (1.24%), indicating the great regional differences of green TFP and economic growth quality in China. According to analysis on influencing factors of green TFP in main cities, it has been concluded that per-capita urban road area, number of Internet users, proportion of fiscal expenditures, environmental regulation level and technical input are significantly positively correlated with green TFP, while industrial structure and foreign direct investment (FDI) are significantly negatively correlated. Finally, policy suggestions to improve urban green TFP in China were proposed.

Roberta Braga Neves, Valdecy Pereira, Helder Gomes Costa

A utilização de métodos multicritério no planejamento e gestão da indústria de petróleo e gás tem sido estudada por alguns autores. No entanto, esses estudos encontram-se distribuídos de forma dispersa na literatura, o que torna difícil uma visão panorâmica a respeito do tema. Objetivando fornecer uma visão sistemática sobre esse assunto, este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre as publicações no âmbito da aplicação de métodos multicritério ao planejamento e gestão da indústria de petróleo e gás. Foram analisados 48 artigos, selecionados através de uma pesquisa sistemática efetuada nas bases Scopus e ISI (Web of Knowledge). Dentre os resultados do estudo, destaca-se que o método multicritério AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) foi o mais utilizado. Outro resultado de destaque é que a maioria das aplicações estavam relacionados a: petróleo, atividades de midstream e instalações onshore.

Jorge Iván Pérez Rave, Daniel Andrés La Rotta Forero, Carlos Andrés Vera Garcés

Dos problemas de una firma autopartista, con causas atribuidas inicialmente a factores externos no controlables (síndrome del "enemigo externo"), motivan el uso del kaizen, incorporando concepciones filosóficas y metodológicas. La metodología propuesta consta de tres etapas; la primera, iniciar, pretende conducir hacia el compromiso, la participación y el desarrollo de habilidades iniciales de los empleados; luego sigue desarrollar, que ejecuta el análisis y la solución del problema; se culmina con sostener, para mantener las contramedidas, evitar la recurrencia del problema e incentivar a los participantes. Al desplegar la metodología en los dos casos objeto de estudio (1. Muda de espera por falta de suministro y 2. Muda de defectos de hojas impresas), se identificó que las causas de dichos muda se debieron a factores internos a la empresa y no a las creencias iniciales de la firma sobre aspectos externos, no controlables. La causa del muda de espera estuvo relacionada con la cantidad de personal programado en la línea de ensamble; las impresiones defectuosas se asociaron a la política de almacenaje y protección de las hojas, así como a las instrucciones de impresión. El impacto del despliegue en la empresa se dedujo satisfactorio, ya que mediante la implantación de contramedidas basadas en creatividad, sentido común, consenso y participación de los empleados, se favorecen indicadores asociados a los problemas precisos, entre ellos, costos anuales de los muda (reducción: 87% en costos del muda de espera y 60,5% en costos de hojas defectuosas). Este trabajo provee elementos teóricos y metodológicos, que posibilitan la adaptación a otros contextos, exigiendo: compromiso directivo, justificación del cambio, entrenamiento de empleados, incentivos, comunicación y estrategias de aprendizaje, entre otros, para solucionar problemas y sostener los eventos kaizen.

Marinez Cristina Vitoreli, Jose Alcides Gobbo Junior

A importância da inovação é algo reconhecido. Nesse contexto, as redes de inovação ganham importância nos estudos acadêmicos, uma vez que uma organização, isoladamente, nem sempre tem acesso a todos os recursos necessários. Gobbo Junior e Olsson (2010) apresentam um modelo de inovação em rede segundo o qual as redes de transformação seriam as estruturas presentes entre as de exploração e aplicação. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta dois estudos de caso de inovação em redes, tendo como objetivo aumentar a compreensão sobre as redes de transformação. Busca-se entender como elas interligam as redes de exploração e aplicação, os principais atores presentes nessa interface e avaliar se esses atores podem atuar como agentes aceleradores do processo de inovação. Foi possível verificar como as redes de transformação interligam as redes de exploração e aplicação, bem como identificar suas práticas e principais atores.

Oscar Ciro Lopez, Ricardo M. Barcia, Osama Eyada

Muitas vezes, não é simples encontrar uma classificação exata para os problemas de programação, não somente porque existem diferentes versões para um dado problema, mas, porque vários procedimentos para uma questão particular, são caracterizados por premissas diferentes e limitações de aplicação dos modelos desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste artigo é delinear uma classificação ampla que permita estabelecer o sentido, direção e perspectiva de pesquisas conduzidas na área. O trabalho não tem a intenção de dar um levantamento exaustivo da literatura de programação da produção, que pode ser encontrado em vários outros trabalhos de revisão.<br>It is the purpose of this article to review the various solutions that have been proposed for the production scheduling problem. An attempt is made to give a classification scheme to categorize the existing procedures that allow to point out potential future courses of development. Emphasis is placed on the basic assumptions involved in each production sequencing problem rather than to approaches used to obtain a solution.