Cet article analyse la manière dont Pedro López de Ayala, au XIVᵉ siècle, et Juan de Mariana, au XVIᵉ siècle, ont pleuré la mort de Blanche de Bourbon dans la Coronica del rey don Pedro et dans l’Historia general de España. Dans ce sens, il soutient que les représentations de López de Ayala et de Mariana ne constituaient pas de simples gestes de piété, mais des opérations de construction et d’instrumentalisation de la mémoire, mises au service des besoins politiques de leur temps.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
Antonio Martínez Cortizas, Mohamed Traoré, Olalla López-Costas
et al.
Peatlands are natural reservoirs of organobromine compounds. Important advances have been made in unraveling the mechanisms involved in bromine (Br) retention in the peat but, to our knowledge, the temporal and spatial variation of the peat organic matter (OM) bromination has not been fully researched. Here, we present the study of 12 short cores (c. 30 cm, c. 150–200 years of peat accumulation) sampled from a small (c. 1 ha) area of an oceanic blanket peatland from northwestern Spain. We combine Br concentrations, spectroscopic analysis (FTIR–ATR), and structural equation statistical modelling (SEM). Our results show that Br is significantly correlated to proxies of peat aerobic decomposition, with concentrations increasing with depth in all cores (×2–10 times). Strong spatial heterogeneity was observed, with some cores showing much higher Br maximum concentrations and larger increases with depth. SEM modelling indicated that various OM functionalities contribute to Br accumulation and that their effects change with depth/age, with aromatics becoming dominant after 20–90 years. Thus, changes in organic matter molecular composition, linked to early peat diagenesis, and the geochemical conditions governing it exerted a strong control on Br accumulation in the studied peatland. Bromine wet deposition was not found to be a limiting factor.
Lindsey A. Kwok, Mridweeka Singh, Saurabh W. Jha
et al.
We present panchromatic optical + near-infrared (NIR) + mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) 2024pxl and the extremely low-luminosity SN Iax 2024vjm. JWST observations provide unprecedented MIR spectroscopy of SN Iax, spanning from +11 to +42 day past maximum light. We detect forbidden emission lines in the MIR at these early times while the optical and NIR are dominated by permitted lines with an absorption component. Panchromatic spectra at early times can thus simultaneously show nebular and photospheric lines, probing both inner and outer layers of the ejecta. We identify spectral lines not seen before in SN Iax, including [Mg ii ] 4.76 μ m, [Mg ii ] 9.71 μ m, [Ne ii ] 12.81 μ m, and isolated O i 2.76 μ m that traces unburned material. Forbidden emission lines of all species are centrally peaked with similar kinematic distributions, indicating that the ejecta are well mixed in both SN 2024pxl and SN 2024vjm, a hallmark of pure deflagration explosion models. Radiative transfer modeling of SN 2024pxl shows good agreement with a weak deflagration of a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, but additional IR flux is needed to match the observations, potentially attributable to a surviving remnant. Similarly, we find SN 2024vjm is also best explained by a weak deflagration model, despite the large difference in luminosity between the two supernovae. Future modeling should push to even weaker explosions and include the contribution of a bound remnant. Our observations demonstrate the diagnostic power of panchromatic spectroscopy for unveiling explosion physics in thermonuclear supernovae.
A broad understanding of the aims and objectives of the international open science movement was recently adopted with the 2021 UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, expanding the focus of open science to include scientific knowledge, infrastructures, knowledge systems and the open engagement of societal actors. In response, recent discussions on science policy practice are shifting to the implementation of open science via national policies. While policy instruments to support some aspects of open science are well-studied, guidance on the emerging ‘social’ aspects of open science has lagged, prompting UNESCO to generate guidance. In this paper, several authors of the UNESCO Open Science Toolkit guidance document on ‘Engaging societal actors in Open Science’ synthesize the scholarly underpinnings behind its recommendations. This work draws upon a targeted search from academic, policy, and grey literature in the fields of open science and community engagement, with a special focus on citizen science, to derive guidance on how to overcome barriers to the uptake of societal engagement approaches. The results present building blocks of what an enabling environment for the open engagement of societal actors could look like, identifying key considerations and reflecting on opportunities and challenges for progressing and evaluating sound open engagement of societal actors into regional & national (open) science policies.
The findings of Performance Studies over the last two decades have rightly highlighted the importance of the regulation of affects in Early Modern Theatre. The production of meaning through words has thus been decentered. In this article, an analysis of two Baroque plays (Darlo todo y no dar nada by Calderón and Los empeños de una casa by Sor Juana) will be used to attempt to make visible how the central statements of the two dramas are expressed primarily at the level of language, even though non-linguistic means also play a major role. The two plays are compared because of their shared central philosophical questions and because of the available historical sources; in both cases, not only the two main texts exist, but also the accompanying pieces framing them.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
La Historia Pontifical y católica de Gonzalo de Illescas fut une œuvre majeure de la seconde partie du XVIe siècle, qui connut de multiples éditions et fut diffusée en Espagne comme en Amérique. Cet article vise à étudier la méthode d’écriture de l’Histoire pratiquée par Illescas et de voir par quels procédés l’auteur réussit à articuler une histoire des Papes, ancrée dans une tradition historiographique clairement référencée, à une histoire inédite du monde ibérique et du temps présent, dépassant ainsi les cadres de l’histoire universelle pour développer une histoire globale, capable de rendre compte des nouvelles réalités du monde.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
The Mediterranean Wars of the decades of 1320-1330 caused the creation of a system of contribution in the territories of Corona de Mallorca. In accordance with a unknown base of calculation, the Kingdom of Mallorca had to contribute with 2/3 of the expenses and the Rossello with 1/3.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
Ce travail analyse la langue de la chronique dite « Historia Silensis », non pas dans un but descriptif mais dans une perspective générale, attentive aux aspects littéraires et stylistiques les plus saillants de l’œuvre, ainsi qu’à l’établissement de ses sources, aussi bien classiques que médiévales. Du point de vue typologique, nous proposons de considérer la Historia Silensis, au sein de l’ensemble des chroniques hispaniques, comme un bon exemple d’« historiographie rhétorique » car elle se caractérise, sur un arrière-plan scolaire, par un évident souci de style et une extraordinaire habileté dans le maniement de sources très diverses, mises au service des ambitieuses fins idéologiques de l’auteur.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
La Orden del Santo Sepulcro, a pesar de su temprana presencia en el viejo reino gallego, posiblemente favorecida por las buenas relaciones entre la iglesia jerosilimitana y la compostelana, no llegó a alcanzar en Galicia la notoriedad de la de Santiago, la mitificación de la del Temple o la importancia y trascendencia de la de San Juan de Jerusalén. Sin embargo, y aún a pesar de la habitual precariedad y parquedad de las fuentes medievales de las órdenes en Galicia, se puede dibujar con cierta nitidez un panorama sólido debidamente contextualizado y documentado de su implantación, desarrollo y ocaso, retrasado en Galicia hasta mediados del siglo XVI, años después de la supresión de la Orden (1489) y de la integración de sus bienes en la de San Juan. Estas páginas se completan con la edición de un documento singular, el testamento de uno de los últimos comendadores de los bienes del Santo Sepulcro en Galicia, frey Juan de Loureiro (1467), que es hasta el momento el único conservado de un freire medieval.
[gl] A Orde do Santo Sepulcro, a pesar da súa temperá presenza no vello reino galego, posiblemente favorecida polas boas relacións entre a igrexa xerosilimitana e a compostelá, non chegou a alcanzar en Galicia a notoriedade da de Santiago, a mitificación da do Temple ou a importancia e transcendencia da de San Xoán de Xerusalén. Non obstante, e aínda a pesar da habitual precariedade das fontes medieváis das ordes en Galicia, pódese debuxar con certa nitidez un panorama sólido debidamente contextualizado e documentado da súa implantación, desenvolvemento e ocaso, atrasado en Galicia ata mediados do século XVI, anos despois da supresión da Orde (1489) e da integración dos seus bens na de San Xoán. Estas páxinas complétanse coa edición dun documento singular, o testamento dun dos últimos comendadores dos bens do Santo Sepulcro en Galicia, frei Xoán de Loureiro (1467), que é ata o momento o único conservado dun freire medieval.