Relevance of the publication of the source. The text is an annotated translation of Russian publications by Fedir Shmit (1877–1837) in the Kharkiv newspaper “Yuzhny Kray” in January 1915. In lengthy stories published in eight issues of the newspaper, a specialist in the history of Byzantium and Rus-Ukraine Art, a museum expert, professor, and dean of the Faculty of History and Philology of Kharkiv University shares his impressions of his time in German captivity (August 1914—early January 1915) and reflects on the causes, course, and prospects of the Great War. The scientist uses the term “captivity” to describe his forced stay in Germany from August 1914 to early January 1915, where, thanks to the help of colleagues, he was able to continue his scientific research, wait for an exchange, and return to Kharkiv.
The publication updates a little-known page in the scientist's life, since these memories have not been the subject of attention of scientists and, as a rule, are only mentioned in passing in biographical studies, and also makes available to the general public a translation into Ukrainian of a significant source on the history of World War I and Kharkiv University.
The article seeks an understanding of exceptional politics for the challenges of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene is the contemporary geological epoch characterized by a profound human impact on the biological, chemical and physical composition of the Earth and by ecological emergencies. These include global warming, species extinction and pandemics. A recourse to classical theories of the political state of emergency is not helpful for an understanding of this present, because they put nature at a distance from society and conceive a non-democratic politics. An analysis of covid politics can contribute to a new understanding of exceptional politics in the Anthropocene.
A search for new phenomena giving rise to pairs of opposite electrically charged muons with impact parameters in the millimeter range is presented, using 139 fb−1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search targets the gap in coverage between existing searches targeting final states with leptons with large displacement and prompt leptons. No significant excess over the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits are set on the mass of long-lived scalar supersymmetric muon-partners (smuons) with much lower lifetimes than previously targeted by displaced muon searches. Smuon lifetimes down to 1 ps are excluded for a smuon mass of 100 GeV, and smuon masses up to 520 GeV are excluded for a proper lifetime of 10 ps, at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yields.
Michael V. Maseda, Zach Lewis, Jorryt Matthee
et al.
Deep Very Large Telescope/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy has recently revealed an abundant population of ultra-faint galaxies ( M _UV ≈ −15; 0.01 L _⋆ ) at z = 2.9−6.7 due to their strong Ly α emission with no detectable continuum. The implied Ly α equivalent widths can be in excess of 100–200 Å, challenging existing models of normal star formation and indicating extremely young ages, small stellar masses, and a very low amount of metal enrichment. We use JWST/NIRSpec’s microshutter array to follow up 45 of these galaxies (11 hr in G235M/F170LP and 7 hr in G395M/F290LP), as well as 45 lower-equivalent width Ly α emitters. Our spectroscopy covers the range 1.7−5.1 micron in order to target strong optical emission lines: H α , [O iii ], H β , and [N II]. Individual measurements as well as stacks reveal line ratios consistent with a metal-poor nature (2%−40% Z _⊙ , depending on the calibration). The galaxies with the highest equivalent widths of Ly α , in excess of 90 Å, have lower [N II]/H α (1.9 σ ) and [O iii ]/H β (2.2 σ ) ratios than those with lower equivalent widths, implying lower gas-phase metallicities at a combined significance of 2.4 σ . This implies a selection based on Ly α equivalent width is an efficient technique for identifying younger, less chemically enriched systems.
The scholarly volume Turkish-German Relations in Literary History From the Fifteenth Through the Twenty-First Century - Deutsch-Türkische Beziehungen in der Literaturgeschichte vom 15. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert, which has been published in cooperation by Assoc. Prof. İrem Atasoy, Assist. Prof. Barış Konukman and Prof. Albrecht Classen, is an academic and a comprehensive work that aims to examine the relations between Turkey and Germany. Through the collection of articles from experienced and competent academics, the volume provides a broad perspective to the reader about bilateral relations of Turkey and Germany. In each articles, the relationships are explored in political, economic, literary, linguistic, semiotic, cultural, and various other aspects, offering the reader a comprehensive insight into an extensive time span, from Middle Ages to modern times. In this way, the reader can observe that the connections between these countries are not limited to a single theme but can be viewed from different perspectives. Published by Istanbul University Press in 2023, this volume consists of seven chapters, each containing an article in German or English. This extensive and comprehensive scholarly volume aims not only to unveil relations of Turkey and Germany from different perspectives but also paves the way for the future studies about these two countries.
German literature, Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages
Salomon Reinach et Adolf Michaelis, éminents archéologues et conservateurs de musées, participent, de part et d’autre du Rhin, à la professionnalisation que connaît l’archéologie au tournant du 20e siècle. Partageant un même goût pour la muséologie et l’Altertumswissenschaft, ils se montrent désireux de s’éloigner de la philologie de leurs débuts et défendent avec conviction la transmission des savoirs touchant à la science archéologique et à l’histoire de l’art. Leur correspondance qui s’étend sur une vingtaine d’années (1888–1910) rend compte de cette coopération scientifique. Alors que les nationalismes gagnent l’Europe, les deux savants maintiennent une « belle entente » franco-allemande au sein d’un vaste réseau qui n’exclut pas pour autant les débats scientifiques.
Richard Gloaguen, Saleem H. Ali, Richard Herrington
et al.
Non-technical summary. As we consider a transition to a low-carbon future, there is a need to examine the mineral needs for this transformation at a scale reminiscent of the Green Revolution. The efficiency gains of the agrarian transition came at ecological and social costs that should provide important lessons about future metal sourcing. We present three options for a Mineral Revolution: status quo, incremental adaption and revolutionary change. We argue that a sustainable Mineral Revolution requires a paradigm shift that considers wellbeing as a purpose and focuses on preserving natural capital.
Tobias Möllers, Hannah Stocker, Laura Perna
et al.
Abstract Background To understand the potential for early intervention and prevention measures in Alzheimer’s disease, the association between risk factors and early pathological change needs to be assessed. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether risk factors of Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (clinical AD), such as body mass index (BMI), are associated with Aβ misfolding in blood, a strong risk marker for AD among older adults. Methods Information on risk factors and blood samples were collected at baseline in the ESTHER study, a population-based cohort study of older adults (age 50–75 years) in Germany. Aβ misfolding in blood plasma was analyzed using an immuno-infrared-sensor in a total of 872 participants in a nested case-control design among incident dementia cases and matched controls. Associations between risk factors and Aβ misfolding were assessed by multiple logistic regression. For comparison, the association between the risk factors and AD incidence during 17 years of follow-up was investigated in parallel among 5987 cohort participants. Results An inverse association with Aβ misfolding was seen for BMI at age 50 based on reported weight history (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.96, p = 0.03). Similar but not statistically significant associations were seen for BMI at baseline (i.e., mean age 68) and at age 40. No statistically significant associations with Aβ misfolding were found for other risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, and physical activity. On the other hand, low physical activity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing clinical AD compared to physical inactivity. Conclusions Our results support that AD pathology may be detectable and associated with reduced weight even in middle adulthood, many years before clinical diagnosis of AD. Physical activity might reduce the risk of onset of AD symptoms.
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system
Abstract Our aim was to investigate the associations between erythrocyte fatty acids and the risk of islet autoimmunity in children. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study (TEDDY) is a longitudinal cohort study of children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) born between 2004 and 2010 in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany. A nested case–control design comprised 398 cases with islet autoimmunity and 1178 sero-negative controls matched for clinical site, family history, and gender. Fatty acids composition was measured in erythrocytes collected at the age of 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually up to 6 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for HLA risk genotype, ancestry, and weight z-score. Higher eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid (n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels during infancy and conjugated linoleic acid after infancy were associated with a lower risk of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, higher levels of some even-chain saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with increased risk. Fatty acid status in early life may signal the risk for islet autoimmunity, especially n − 3 fatty acids may be protective, while increased levels of some SFAs and MUFAs may precede islet autoimmunity.
Philip J. Barter, Shizuya Yamashita, Ulrich Laufs
et al.
Abstract Background Implementing evidence-based management of dyslipidaemia is a challenge worldwide. Objectives To understand physician beliefs and behaviour and identify uncertainties in dyslipidaemia management across four world regions. Methods Web-based survey of 1758 physicians in Japan, Germany, Colombia and the Philippines who were selected randomly from existing databases. Key inclusion criteria were 1) for cardiologists and diabetes/endocrinology specialists: ≥50 dyslipidaemia patients examined in the last month; 2) for specialists in neurology/neurosurgery/stroke medicine: ≥50 dyslipidaemia patients and ≥ 20 patients with a history of ischaemic stroke examined in the last month; and 3) for specialists in nephrology and general medicine: based at centres with ≥20 beds and ≥ 50 dyslipidaemia patients examined in the last month. The self-report survey covered dyslipidaemia management, target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in different patient groups, and statin safety. All physicians gave voluntary consent and all data were anonymised. Analysis was solely descriptive. Results The survey highlighted key areas of uncertainty in dyslipidaemia management in the four countries. These related to LDL-C targets in different patient groups, the safety of low LDL-C levels, the safety of statins, especially for effects on cognitive, renal and hepatic function and for haemorrhagic stroke risk, and lipid management strategies in patients with chronic kidney disease, including those with concomitant hypertriglyceridaemia. Conclusions This survey of physicians in Japan, Germany, Colombia and the Philippines has identified key gaps in knowledge about dyslipidaemia management. These relate to the safety of low LDL-C levels, the safety of statins, and lipid management of chronic kidney disease. The findings from this survey highlight the need for further education to improve the implementation of guideline recommendations for dyslipidaemia management.
Mark Maraun, Tancredi Caruso, Jonathan Hense
et al.
Abstract The dominance of sex in Metazoa is enigmatic. Sexual species allocate resources to the production of males, while potentially facing negative effects such as the loss of well‐adapted genotypes due to recombination, and exposure to diseases and predators during mating. Two major hypotheses have been put forward to explain the advantages of parthenogenetic versus sexual reproduction in animals, that is, the Red Queen hypothesis and the Tangled Bank/Structured Resource Theory of Sex. The Red Queen hypothesis assumes that antagonistic predator—prey/ parasite–host interactions favor sex. The Structured Resource Theory of Sex predicts sexual reproduction to be favored if resources are in short supply and aggregated in space. In soil, a remarkable number of invertebrates reproduce by parthenogenesis, and this pattern is most pronounced in oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari). Oribatid mites are abundant in virtually any soil across very different habitats, and include many sexual and parthenogenetic (thelytokous) species. Thereby, they represent an ideal model group to investigate the role of sexual versus parthenogenetic reproduction across different ecosystems and habitats. Here, we compiled data on oribatid mite communities from different ecosystems and habitats across biomes, including tropical rainforests, temperate forests, grasslands, arable fields, salt marshes, bogs, caves, and deadwood. Based on the compiled dataset, we analyzed if the percentage of parthenogenetic species and the percentage of individuals of parthenogenetic species are related to total oribatid mite density, species number, and other potential driving factors of the reproductive mode including altitude and latitude. We then interpret the results in support of either the Red Queen hypothesis or the Structured Resource Theory of Sex. Overall, the data showed that high density of oribatid mites, indicating abundance of resources, is associated with high frequency of parthenogenesis supporting predictions of the Structured Resource Theory of Sex rather than the Red Queen hypothesis.
In the 1930s and the 1950s China recruited thousands of foreign "experts” to consult on programs to modernize the country. Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), an Austrian architect and postwar member of the Communist Party, was invited to participate in these programs in both periods. Today Schütte-Lihotzky has been canonized in this history of architecture for her interwar contributions to modern housing and educational institutions in Austria, Germany, the Soviet Union, and Turkey. Recent scholarship has shown, however, that both, her architectural and political efforts, spanned more than eight decades. Schütte-Lihotzky was actively involved in the Austrian Communist Resistance in the 1940s, as well as the Austrian women’s movement, the international peace movement, and transnational architectural organizations such as the International Congress of Modern Architecture (ciam), and the Union of International Architects (uia) in the postwar years. By focusing on two extended research trips Schütte-Lihotzky made to China in 1934 and 1956, this essay positions her work in a wider discourse about the agency of female architects as well as the networks of communist intellectuals during the Cold War. It presents Schütte-Lihotzky’s endeavors in China as a lens for examining the complex entanglements of gender, class, and ethnicity in international women’s organizations as well as instances of “othering” perpetuated by European architects who served as foreign “experts” abroad. Finally, the essay also argues that Schütte-Lihotzky’s travel coincided with moments of China’s effort to build relationships with countries abroad. While her book manuscript Millionenstädte Chinas, completed in 1958, thus serves as a document chronicling these exchanges in design culture, at the time Schütte-Lihotzky understood it as a preparatory text for devising a global architectural history written from a communist vantage point.
Background: This paper looks at the history of physical education and sport in the German Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). Objective: The aim of this article is to show the contribution of the YMCA to the formation of modern sports and the Olympic movement in Germany. Methods: Standard historical methods are used therein. Everything is written in chronological order. Results: The first local German YMCA was established in 1883. It gradually began to assume responsibility for much of the physical education sphere in Germany, although sport had clearly not yet become a prominent part of German physical education. That did not change until the 1920's, when the German YMCA teamed up with other Protestant groups to form the Reichsverband der Evangelischen Jungmännerbünde Deutschlands (the German Reich Association of Protestant Young Men). Physical education and sport were organized through its Eichenkreuz division but that was banned in 1934. After being restored in 1947, the Eichenkreuz division again began to shape physical education in Germany, which the YMCA still does today. Conclusions: The article shows that even though the YMCA in Germany did not have an influence on formation of sports and the Olympic movement comparable to the one in the neighboring Czechoslovakia and Poland, it undoubtedly became known for German inhabitants in this field. That means it should not be omitted from the history of physical education and sport in Germany.
In the section “European-style conversion” there are two almost detective stories about transformation of prison castles into a new urban quarter (Germany) and a garden (Great Britain). The renovated German quarter was seamlessly integrated into the structure of the core of the imperial city thanks to
the placing of education institutions in the historical building together with strengthening the trading function. The English garden became the embodiment of harmony between the old brick walls and the enfilade of green interiors. A long article by our permanent author from France, Christian Horn, reviews regeneration of industrial facilities and areas as an alternative to building on Greenfield. In the present-day postin-
dustrial Europe (including Russia) conversion often looks like a far-seeing and
cost-effective policy.The section is culminated by a largescale example of conversion of industrial facilities in Khamovniki, downtown Moscow. The object of the issue is a weaving factory “Red Rose” transformed into a contemporary multifunctional complex. Its history that is as long as a quarter of the millennium coexists with Yandex information technologies, while the permeability of the renewed quarter
improves the level of adjoining streets.
Sustainability is one of the core challenges for education in modern times, particularly concerning cultural heritage. The study evaluates, from a German point of view, how Latvians outside of Latvia after World War II kept their cultural heritage alive by educational concepts, which can be characterized as early roots of modern sustainable education. The evaluation focus concerns a group of Latvians in Germany associated with the Latvian high school in Muenster (MLG). The study concerns the 25 years from 1957 (school relocation to Muenster) until 1982 (founding of the organization “Latvian Center of Muenster e.V.” (LCM), and combines interviews and literature research. It underlines that environmental, social and heritage education can be seen as core elements of Latvian education abroad. Therefore, the study will not present a concise history of the Latvian high school in Muenster (MLG), which has already been done (Sprogis, 2009), but will concisely evaluate the educational concepts of this particular period as a model, how Latvians maintained their heritage in a sustainable way.