Hasil untuk "History of France"

Andrew Newman

Paris is the capital city of France and center of the Île-de-France region, Europe’s second-largest urban agglomeration. Paris is a globally important hub for finance, education, culture, and the arts, and by some measures it is the world’s most visited international tourist destination. The city’s importance for the field of urban studies is due primarily to (a) its present significance as a global city, and, to a greater extent, (b) its historical importance as a place where a particular version of modernity emerged that, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, would heavily influence the design and cultural landscapes of cities around the world. For this reason, the urban history of Paris exerts a broad influence in the fields of planning, geography, and architectural history, as well as in public health, the history of science and technology, art history, and literature. Indeed, research on Paris stands out among other cities for the degree to which scholars in the humanities have sought to engage with urban issues. This is due to the fact that a large proportion of the artistic and cultural output associated with Paris ruminates about the nature of urban life itself. This bibliography has been written for a broad Anglophone readership; it therefore privileges scholarship in English. English translations of important French works have been supplied wherever possible. However, in an effort to balance accessibility with rigor, some French-language scholarship is included as well. In several cases, English-language publications by prominent French scholars have been supplied that may not be the best representation of these scholars’ work, but such citations will nevertheless serve to introduce these important figures to an Anglophone audience. Readers should be warned that the small number of French-language citations included here are far from comprehensive, and are primarily intended to round out the bibliography for those Anglophone scholars who read French. The bibliography is organized under the three broad headings: Historicizing Modernity, Linking Past and Present, and Contemporary Paris. The logic for this structure is based on that notion that distinguishing between urban history and contemporary urban studies will be convenient for many readers. However, some of the best work on Paris combines past and present, and a great deal of contemporary work is most engaging when placed in dialogue with the city’s history, and vice versa.

A. Tocqueville, Stuart Gilbert

Jonas Tresch

Le but de cette étude est de corréler et d’interpréter les dépôts transgressifs de trois différentes zones de dépôt avec haute résolution: les carbonates marginaux de la plate-forme du Jura (Suisse et France) et de la région du Dorset (Angleterre). En plus, une coupe hémipélagique du bassin Vocontien (France) a été intégrée dans le schéma de corrélation haute résolution. La transgression du Berriasien moyen a été choisie parce que, en combinaison avec la subsidence, les intervalles transgressifs créent de l’espace d’accommodation, qui peut être rempli par des sédiments. La meilleure chance pour préserver les sédiments et obtenir une succession sédimentaire relativement complète est durant l’augmentation de l’espace d’accommodation. La transgression du Berriasien moyen est positionnée entre les limites de séquence de 3ème ordre Be4 et Be5 selon la charte chronostratigraphique et séquentielle de Hardenbol et al. (1998). Les coupes étudiées sont déjà bien décrites et datées dans la littérature. Dans cette étude, les coupes ont été échantillonnées à une échelle décimétrique afin de documenter l’évolution des faciès en détail. Les zones de faciès observées ont été intégrées dans deux différents modèles de faciès représentant les paléoenvironnements de la plate-forme du Jura et de la région du Dorset. Les changements de faciès et d’accommodation détectés dans chaque coupe sont reliés aux fluctuations du niveau marin relatif et interprétés avec les outils de la stratigraphie séquentielle (séquences élémentaires, à court terme et à moyen terme). La plupart des coupes de la plate-forme du Jura suisse et français ont déjà été interprétées par la stratigraphie séquentielle haute-résolution au niveau des séquences à court terme (Waehry 1989, Pasquier 1995, Hillgärtner 1999). La partie inférieure des coupes (Formation de Goldberg et base de la Formation de Pierre Châtel) a été datée par ammonites (Clavel et al. 1986) et avec l’aide des assemblages de charophytes et d’ostracodes (Mojon 2002), tandis que la partie supérieure a été datée par les foraminifères benthiques (Formation de Pierre Châtel supérieure et Formation de Vions; p. ex., Clavel et al. 1986). Un remarquable changement environnemental de dépôts intertidaux et supratidaux (Formation de Goldberg) à des dépôts marins peu profonds (Formation de Pierre Châtel) sur la plate-forme du Jura représente la transgression du Berriasien moyen. Les coupes dans la région du Dorset ont été décrites banc par banc dans la littérature (Ensom 1985, Clements 1993). La partie supérieure de la Formation de Lulworth et la partie inférieure de la Formation de Durlston sur les coupes de Durlston Bay et de Worbarrow Tout ont été re-levées à une échelle décimétrique et interprétées par la stratigraphie séquentielle haute-résolution au niveau des séquences à court terme et élémentaires. La succession sédimentaire implique une transgression d’environnements saûmatres-lagunaires à des environnements marins plus ouverts. Les conditions marines sont indiquées par des bancs d’huîtres caractérisant le Cinder Member, qui correspond à la transgression du Berriasien moyen. La coupe de Durlston Bay a été datée par magnétostratigraphie (Ogg et al. 1991, 1994) et par les assemblages de charophytes et d’ostracodes (Mojon 2002). Une interprétation séquentielle à haute-résolution des coupes du Dorset au niveau des séquences élémentaires et à court terme est présentée dans cette étude pour la première fois. La coupe de Montclus du Bassin Vocontien est bien datée par les ammonites et les calpionelles et a été interprétée en termes de stratigraphie séquentielle et cyclostratigraphie (Pasquier 1995, Hillgärtner 1999). Dans le bassin, la transgression est marquée par un changement de bancs calcaires irreguliers et relativement épais à des alternances marne-calcaire. Une étude de stratigraphie séquentielle haute résolution de la coupe de Montclus et des coupes de la plate-fome du Jura a été publiée par Strasser et al. (2004). La magnétostratigraphie établie pour la coupe-type de l’étage du Berriasien à Berrias (France) par Galbrun (1985) et Galbrun et al. (1986) peut être corrélée vers la coupe de Montclus grâce à l’interprétation séquentielle de la coupe de Berrias faite par Strohmenger & Strasser (1993). Une corrélation haute-résolution des différentes coupes entre les limites de séquence de 3ème ordre a été accomplie. Ce cadre de corrélation s’accorde bien avec les schémas biostratigraphiques et magnétostratigraphiques publiés dans la littérature. L’hypothèse que la base de la Formation de Pierre Châtel sur la plateforme du Jura corresponde à la base de la Formation de Durlston dans le Dorset (Cinder Member), discutée pendant des années dans la littérature, peut être confirmée dans cette étude. Selon Hardenbol et al. (1998), la durée entre les limites de séquence de 3ème ordre Be4 et Be5 est d’environ 1.7 millions d’années. Dix-huit à vingt séquences à court terme ont été identifiées dans cette intervalle. Basé sur cette durée et l’empilement hiérarchique des bancs, il est admis que le dépôt des séquences à court terme a été contrôlé par les fluctuations du niveau marin relatif en liaison avec les cycles orbitaux d’excentricité de 100 ka. Pour une résolution de temps encore meilleure, onze coupes de la plate-forme du Jura et deux coupes du Dorset ont été sélectionnées pour examiner l’enregistrement sédimentaire de quatre séquences à court terme autour de la transgression à long terme. Plusieurs séquences à court terme bien préservées sont composées de 5 séquences élémentaires. Par conséquent, il est admis que les séquences élémentaires représentent des cycles orbitaux de précession de 20 ka. L’interprétation des changements environnementaux subtiles à l’intérieur des séquences à court terme est complexe. Certaines séquences élémentaires peuvent être corrélées entre les coupes et sont considérées comme étant contrôlées par des changements du niveau marin relatif (facteurs extrinsèques). D’autres, cependant, ne peuvent pas (ou seulement partiellement) être interprétées en termes de stratigraphie séquentielle puisque que les processus intrinsèques (autocycliques) dominaient durant le dépôt. Cependant, des intervalles autocycliques peuvent au moins être délimités à la base et au sommet par les corrélations par stratigraphie séquentielle. Malgré certaines incertitudes dans la corrélation des séquences élémentaires, de telles interprétations séquentielles haute résolution donnent l’opportunité de reconstruire les changements environnementaux haute fréquence dans différents domaines de dépôt avec une résolution temporelle de quelques dizaines de milliers d’années. La corrélation séquentielle et cyclostratigraphique haute résolution permet d’examiner en détail l’inondation de la plate-forme du Jura et de la région du Dorset. Il peut être montré que la transgression est fortement diachrone sur la plateforme du Jura principalement à cause de la morphologie de la plate-forme et de la subsidence différentielle. De rapides changements de faciès surviennent dans les environnements marins marginaux principalement dû à des effets de seuil (p. ex., inondation des hauts topographiques). Il est bien connu qu’un changement climatique d’un climat aride méditerranéen vers des conditions plus humides prirent place durant le Berriasien dans l’Europe centrale et du nord-ouest (p. ex., Deconinck 1987, Hallam et al. 1991, Allen 1998, Abbink et al. 2001). L’interprétation séquentielle et cyclostratigraphique haute résolution de cette étude permet d’analyser le changement climatique plus en détail. Il est suggéré que les changements océanographiques principalement reliés à l’influence des eaux de surface boréales froides et téthysiennes chaudes furent responsables du changement climatique dans ces parties de l’Europe. Un rôle-clé dans l’échange de ces masses d’eau joua dans l’évolution du détroit entre le Groenland et la Norvège durant le Berriasien. Des facteurs additionnelles comme l’ouverture persistante du proto-Atlantique Nord et l’ouverture et la fermeture des détroits entre les bassins épicontinentaux de l’Europe contribuèrent au changement climatique dans les zones étudiées. Les changements climatiques dans la bande de fréquence de Milankovitch peuvent avoir été contrôlés par des variations dans l’extension des cellules de circulation atmosphérique et dans leurs positions paléogéographiques.

Armin Priam, Antoine Le Bozec, Vasco Dias Meireles et al.

We aim to study the semen carriage of human papillomavirus (HPV) and evaluate its association with patient characteristics. We conduct a single-center cohort study at Amiens University Hospital Center (Amiens, France). From May 1 to October 31, 2021, 461 men consulting for infertility and with semen analysis data were included. Each participant gave his written informed consent for the use of laboratory, demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data. A proportion of the semen samples were sent to a virology laboratory for HPV screening in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In univariate and multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model, HPV+ and HPV− groups were compared with regard to semen characteristics (including the DNA fragmentation index and the sperm decondensation index) and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables. Semen HPV carriage was detected in 22.3% of the patients. High-oncogenic-risk HPV genotypes were predominant (57.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that HPV carriage was significantly associated with the presence of at least one abnormal spermogram dinging (according to the 6th World Health Organization criteria), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 4.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.32–7.25, P < 0.001). A statistically significant association was also found for the type of infertility (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.00–2.57, P = 0.05), the presence of varicocele (OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.48–10.71, P = 0.01), and a history of cryptorchidism, testicular ectopia, or monorchidism (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.07–11.66, P = 0.04). Infection with a single HPV genotype or multiple HPV genotypes was significantly associated with at least one abnormal spermogram finding for all HPV oncogenic risk groups (OR: 3.93, 95% CI: 2.08–7.41, P < 0.001; and OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.58–10.68, P = 0.01, respectively). The association between sperm HPV carriage and the risk of infertility was statistically significant in a multivariate analysis (OR: 5.63, 95% CI: 3.16–10.01, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for the propensity score (OR: 6.10, 95% CI: 3.33–11.21, P < 0.001). Our results suggest that semen HPV carriage has an impact on male fertility. Sperm screening for HPV might be a useful addition to the work-up for male infertility.

Isaure Delaporte, Andrew Ibbetson, Hill Kulu

BACKGROUND: The fertility of immigrants and their descendants is shaped by many factors. Survival and event history techniques are methods commonly used to study the determinants of individuals’ childbearing behaviour. Yet, machine learning techniques such as survival trees and tree ensembles are a useful alternative to classical methods. OBJECTIVE: This paper analyses the predictors of having a first, second, and third birth among immigrants and their descendants in France. METHODS: This study applies random survival forest (RSF) to longitudinal data from the Trajectories and Origins survey. RESULTS: Our findings illustrate the potential of machine learning techniques in two ways. First, RSF allows us to identify the most important predictors of a life event. Our results show that predictors differ by parity: Educational level is the most important predictor of having a first child, whereas parents’ family size is the most important predictor of having a second and third child. Second, RSF allows us to easily detect and visualize interactions. For instance, our results of a four-way interaction show that highly educated migrants are closer to the native population in their childbearing behaviour than migrants with low education. CONTRIBUTION: Our application of RSF to the analysis of immigrant fertility behaviour shows that the method can easily be applied in life course research and that research on migrant fertility should pay more attention to how education shapes childbearing patterns among minority populations.

G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott et al.

Searches for exclusive decays of the Higgs boson into D⁎γ and of the Z boson into D0γ and Ks0γ can probe flavour-violating Higgs boson and Z boson couplings to light quarks. Searches for these decays are performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136.3 fb−1 collected at s=13TeV between 2016–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In the D⁎γ and D0γ channels, the observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the respective branching fractions are B(H→D⁎γ)<1.0(1.2)×10−3, B(Z→D0γ)<4.0(3.4)×10−6, while the corresponding results in the Ks0γ channel are B(Z→Ks0γ)<3.1(3.0)×10−6.

Tania Caliari, Claudia Nonato, Fernando Felício Pachi Filho

PT. Este artigo busca analisar a palestra de um jornalista a respeito da influência das plataformas digitais sobre seu trabalho. No discurso, procuramos identificar questionamentos, sinais de adesão e resistência ao modelo de plataformização do jornalismo. A palestra, realizada em 2019, apresentou um projeto de distribuição de notícias desenvolvido por um grupo de jornalistas das periferias de São Paulo com financiamento do Google. O evento no qual o projeto foi apresentado é também financiado pelo Google e pela Meta, grandes plataformas que, desde 2017, desenvolvem e oferecem vários programas voltados para o jornalismo no mundo todo. A partir do histórico de relações entre as plataformas e a imprensa (Bell& Owen, 2017; Wang, 2020), e do surgimento dos novos arranjos jornalísticos alternativos às corporações de mídia, nossa abordagem é baseada no binômio comunicação e trabalho, duas atividades interligadas e constitutivas do ser humano (Fígaro, 2008; 2018). O trabalho dos comunicadores dos arranjos jornalísticos alternativos é percebido com base nos estudos da Ergologia (Faïta, 2002), que indicam que a realidade macrossocial pode ser apreendida no micro dos processos de comunicação no trabalho cotidiano. Usamos também a noção de práticas linguageiras (Nouroudine, 2002) para considerar três aspectos da linguagem no âmbito da experiência do trabalho: a linguagem como trabalho, a linguagem no trabalho e a linguagem sobre o trabalho. Por fim, nossa análise segue os princípios teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), destacando as condições de produção de tal discurso, seus contextos imediatos e sócio-históricos, além do interdiscurso e das ideologias que o atravessam. Pela análise, vislumbra-se um discurso de adesão pontuado por questionamentos que, mais do que resistência, indica uma luta constante e criativa para não ser solapado pelas novas condições de produção do jornalismo *** EN. This article examines a journalist's account of the influence of digital platforms on his work. We attempt to identify in his discourse the questions, signs of support and elements of resistance to the platformization of journalism. This presentation, carried out in 2019, aimed at showcasing a news broadcasting project developed by a group of journalists from the suburbs of São Paulo and funded by Google. The event during which this project was presented was also funded by Google and Meta, both of which have been developing and funding various journalism-focused programs around the world since 2017. Drawing on an analysis of the history of relations between platforms and the press (Bell & Owen, 2017; Wang, 2020), as well as the emergence of new alternative journalistic channels in the face of large media groups, our approach is based on the binomial relationship between communication and work, two interconnected activities constitutive of the human being (Fígaro, 2008; 2018). The work of the communicators of these alternative journalistic channels is considered in the light of ergology studies (Faïta, 2002), which propose that macro-social reality can be apprehended through the micro-processes of communication in day-to-day professional practice. We also draw on the notion of language practices (Nouroudine, 2002) to consider three aspects of language in the context of work experience: language as work, language at work and language about work. Finally, our analysis applies the theoretical and methodological principles of discourse analysis developed in France (AD), highlighting the conditions of production of this discourse, its immediate and socio-historical contexts, as well as the inter-discourse and ideologies that run through it. This analysis reveals a discourse of adherence and occasional questioning which, rather than resistance, testifies to a constant and creative struggle not to be undermined by the new conditions of journalistic production. *** FR. Cet article se propose d'analyser le témoignage d'un journaliste concernant l'influence des plateformes numériques sur son travail. Nous tentons d'identifier dans son discours les interrogations, les signes d'adhésion et les éléments de résistance face à la plateformisation du journalisme. Cette intervention, effectuée en 2019, visait à présenter un projet de diffusion d'actualités développé par un groupe de journalistes des quartiers périphériques de São Paulo, avec le concours financier de Google. L'événement au cours duquel ce projet a été présenté était lui aussi financé par Google et par Meta, ces deux grandes plateformes développant et proposant, depuis 2017, divers programmes axés sur le journalisme dans le monde entier. Partant d'une analyse de l'histoire des relations entre les plateformes et la presse (Bell & Owen, 2017 ; Wang, 2020), ainsi que de l'émergence de nouveaux véhicules journalistiques alternatifs face aux grands groupes médiatiques, notre approche s'appuie sur le binôme communication et travail, deux activités interconnectées et constitutives de l'être humain (Fígaro, 2008 ; 2018). Le travail des communicants de ces véhicules journalistiques alternatifs est envisagé à la lumière des études d'ergologie (Faïta, 2002), qui indiquent que la réalité macrosociale peut être appréhendée à travers les microprocessus de communication dans l’exercice du métier au quotidien. Nous nous appuyons également sur la notion de pratiques langagières (Nouroudine, 2002) pour considérer trois aspects du langage dans le contexte de l'expérience professionnelle : le langage en tant que travail, le langage au travail et le langage sur le travail. Notre analyse suit enfin les principes théoriques et méthodologiques de l’analyse du discours développée en France (AD), en mettant en évidence les conditions de production de ce discours, ses contextes immédiats et sociohistoriques, ainsi que l'interdiscours et les idéologies qui le traversent. Cette analyse permet de révéler un discours d'adhésion ponctué de remises en question qui, plus que d'une résistance, témoigne d'une lutte constante et créative pour ne pas se laisser miner par les nouvelles conditions de production du journalisme. *** ES. Este artículo se propone analizar el discurso de un periodista sobre la influencia de las plataformas digitales en su trabajo. En el discurso, buscamos identificar cuestionamientos, señales de adhesión y resistencia al modelo de plataformización del periodismo. La presentación, hecha en 2019, sirvió para presentar un proyecto de distribución de noticias desarrollado por un grupo de periodistas de la periferia de São Paulo con financiamiento de Google. El evento en el que se presentó el proyecto también estuvo financiado por Google y por Meta, grandes plataformas que desde 2017 desarrollan y ofrecen diversos programas dirigidos al periodismo en todo el mundo. Partiendo de la historia de las relaciones entre las plataformas y la prensa (Bell & Owen, 2017; Wang, 2020) y del surgimiento de nuevas formas periodísticas alternativas a las corporaciones mediáticas, nuestro enfoque se basa en el binomio comunicación-trabajo, dos actividades interconectadas y constitutivas del ser humano (Fígaro, 2008; 2018). El trabajo de los comunicadores de las formas periodísticas alternativas se percibe a partir de los estudios de la ergología (Faïta, 2002), que indican que la realidad macrosocial puede aprehenderse en lo micro de los procesos de comunicación dentro del trabajo cotidiano. También utilizamos la noción de prácticas lingüísticas (Nouroudine, 2002) para considerar tres aspectos del lenguaje en el contexto de la experiencia del trabajo: el lenguaje como trabajo, el lenguaje en el trabajo y el lenguaje sobre el trabajo. Por último, nuestro análisis sigue los principios teórico-metodológicos del análisis del discurso (AD) francés, poniendo de relieve las condiciones de producción de dicho discurso, sus contextos inmediatos y sociohistóricos, así como el interdiscurso y las ideologías que lo atraviesan. El análisis revela un discurso de adhesión salpicado de cuestionamientos que, más que resistencia, indican una lucha constante y creativa para no verse solapado por las nuevas condiciones de producción periodística. ***

Meryem Belkaïd

D. Gee, B. Sturt

Irene Bilbao Zubiri, Anne-Laure Carré

Chromotope, the 19th Century Chromatic Turn, is a multidisciplinary ERC research programme that focuses on the “chromatic turn” of the 1860s in France and England, following the invention of the first synthetic dyes. This project, based on a partnership between Sorbonne University (PI: Charlotte Ribeyrol), Oxford University, and the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam), investigates how this turn led to new ways of thinking about colour in art, literature, history, and science throughout the second half of the 19th century. One of the key aims of this research is to reappraise the role played by the Cnam in the dissemination of knowledge about synthetic dyes, from the creation in 1852 of the first chair in dyeing and printing until the Interwar period, when a collection of dyes including more than 2500 references, obtained from major European firms, was formed. A full inventory based on the description of each container has just been made together with a bibliographical research. Nevertheless, 2% of the containers are unlabeled and the reattribution of their composition is the main goal of our study. In order to set an appropriate analysis protocol to identify these orphan containers, a preliminary work was conducted on a random selection of identified dyes. For this purpose, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used on 13 samples from different dye classes. The relevance of this protocol will be discussed for the identification of unknown compounds.

Cécile Robin, Stefanie Wagner, Olivier Baubet et al.

Abstract Key message Appropriate silvicultural practices combined with the use of resistant Central European provenances can reduce the prevalence of larch canker caused by Lachnellula willkommii (R. Hartig) Dennis, a major disease affecting larch plantations in France. However, cascading translocations have resulted in frequent admixture in European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and subsequent certification errors regarding the origin of plant material. Our study highlights the urgent need to improve the certification process of seed orchards. Context The recent history of European larch has been marked by translocations of plant stock within and beyond its native range. In order to increase stand resistance to larch canker disease, it is strongly recommended by French authorities to plant Central European provenances. However, a recent disease outbreak questioned the resistance of Central European provenances and the origin of the forest material used in these plantations. Aims Our goal was to assess the effects of cascading translocations and mixing between larch gene pools on genetic composition of plantations and on their vulnerability to the disease. Methods In the outbreak area, we checked the genetic origin of the trees and we estimated the percentage of Central European trees, disease prevalence and severity. Results Intra-site genetic diversity was high. Genetic composition did not match with geographic origin certificates. A high proportion of trees could not be assigned to either the Alpine or Central European gene pools. These admixed trees were as resistant as Central European trees. Geographic origin turned out to be one of the main drivers of canker prevalence, along with abiotic factors. Conclusion We need a precise knowledge of the origin of material used in seed orchards to mitigate canker disease and adapt forests through assisted migration.

Oláh, János, Beshkov, Stoyan, Ibrahimi, Halil et al.

The Balkan mountain ranges represent the most diverse hot spots of the European biodiversity still very far from being completely explored. Besides new faunistic data here we have described Drusus gornistok Oláh, sp. nov. in the D. discophorus species complex, surveyed four species complexes and described Polycentropus maglic Oláh, sp. nov. , P. staraplanina Oláh, sp. nov. in the Polycentropus ierapetra new species complex; Rhyacophila albanica Oláh & Ibrahimi sp. nov., R. montenegra Oláh, sp. nov. , R. syrikaltera Oláh & Ibrahimi sp. nov. in the Rhyacophila balcanica new species complex; R. kozara Oláh, sp. nov. , R. sarplana Oláh, sp. nov. , R. staraplana Oláh, sp. nov. in the Rhyacophila bosnica new species complex; Notidobia kerkina Oláh, sp. nov. , N. koraba Oláh, sp. nov. , N. lakmosa Oláh, sp. nov. , N. vaillanti Oláh, Vinçon & Ibrahimi sp. nov. in the Notidobia nekibe new species complex. The subspecies status of the following taxa were raised to species rank: Polycentropus adana Sipahiler, 1996 stat. nov., P. anatolica Sipahiler, 1989 stat. nov., P. dirfis Malicky, 1974 stat. nov., P. ikaria Malicky, 1974 stat. nov., P. isparta Sipahiler, 1996 stat. nov., P. kalliope Malicky, 1976 stat. nov., P. septentrionalis Kumanski, 1986, stat. nov., P. slovenicus Malicky, 1998 stat. nov.

A. A. J. Deijns, A. A. J. Deijns, O. Dewitte et al.

<p>Landslides and flash floods are geomorphic hazards (GHs) that often co-occur and interact. They generally occur very quickly, leading to catastrophic socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the temporal patterns of occurrence of GH events is essential for hazard assessment, early warning, and disaster risk reduction strategies. However, temporal information is often poorly constrained, especially in frequently cloud-covered tropical regions, where optical-based satellite data are insufficient. Here we present a regionally applicable methodology to accurately estimate GH event timing that requires no prior knowledge of the GH event timing, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing. SAR can penetrate through clouds and therefore provides an ideal tool for constraining GH event timing. We use the open-access Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR satellite that provides global coverage, high spatial resolution (<span class="inline-formula">∼10</span>–15 m), and a high repeat time (6–12 d) from 2016 to 2020. We investigate the amplitude, detrended amplitude, spatial amplitude correlation, coherence, and detrended coherence time series in their suitability to constrain GH event timing. We apply the methodology on four recent large GH events located in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) containing a total of about 2500 manually mapped landslides and flash flood features located in several contrasting landscape types. The amplitude and detrended amplitude time series in our methodology do not prove to be effective in accurate GH event timing estimation, with estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 13 to 1000 d difference. A clear increase in accuracy is obtained from spatial amplitude correlation (SAC) with estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 1 to 85 d difference. However, the most accurate results are achieved with coherence and detrended coherence with estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 1 to 47 d difference. The amplitude time series reflect the influence of seasonal dynamics, which cause the timing estimations to be further away from the actual GH event occurrence compared to the other data products. Timing estimations are generally closer to the actual GH event occurrence for GH events within homogenous densely vegetated landscape and further for GH events within complex cultivated heterogenous landscapes. We believe that the complexity of the different contrasting landscapes we study is an added value for the transferability of the methodology, and together with the open-access and global coverage of S1 data it has the potential to be widely applicable.</p>

Ian R. Reid, R. Ames, M. Evans et al.

Arnaud G. Barras, Arnaud G. Barras, Sébastien Blache et al.

Species- and population-specific responses to their environment may depend to a large extent on the spatial variation in life-history traits and in demographic processes of local population dynamics. Yet, those parameters and their variability remain largely unknown for many cold-adapted species, which are exposed to particularly rapid rates of environmental change. Here, we compared the demographic traits and dynamics for an emblematic bird species of European mountain ecosystems, the ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus). Using integrated population models fitted in a Bayesian framework, we estimated the survival probability, productivity and immigration of two populations from the Western European Alps, in France (over 11 years) and Switzerland (over 6 years). Juvenile apparent survival was lower and immigration rate higher in the Swiss compared to the French population, with the temporal variation in population growth rate driven by different demographic processes. Yet, when compared to populations in the northwestern part of the range, in Scotland, these two Alpine populations both showed a much lower productivity and higher adult survival, indicating a slower life-history strategy. Our results suggest that demographic characteristics can substantially vary across the discontinuous range of this passerine species, essentially due to contrasted, possibly locally evolved life-history strategies. This study therefore raises the question of whether flexibility in life-history traits is widespread among boreo-alpine species and if it might provide adaptive potential for coping with current environmental change.

Luis A. Anchordoqui, Ignatios Antoniadis, Dieter Lüst et al.

It was recently pointed out that the existence of dark energy imposes highly restrictive constraints on effective field theories that satisfy the Swampland conjectures. We provide a critical confrontation of these constraints with the cosmological framework emerging from the Salam-Sezgin model and its string realization by Cvetič, Gibbons, and Pope. We also discuss the implication of the constraints for string model building.

Johanna Hellmann

Whitney R. Friedman, Whitney R. Friedman, Benjamin S. Halpern et al.

The health of coastal human communities and marine ecosystems are at risk from a host of anthropogenic stressors, in particular, climate change. Because ecological health and human well-being are inextricably connected, effective and positive responses to current risks require multidisciplinary solutions. Yet, the complexity of coupled social–ecological systems has left many potential solutions unidentified or insufficiently explored. The urgent need to achieve positive social and ecological outcomes across local and global scales necessitates rapid and targeted multidisciplinary research to identify solutions that have the greatest chance of promoting benefits for both people and nature. To address these challenges, we conducted a forecasting exercise with a diverse, multidisciplinary team to identify priority research questions needed to promote sustainable and just marine social–ecological systems now and into the future, within the context of climate change and population growth. In contrast to the traditional reactive cycle of science and management, we aimed to generate questions that focus on what we need to know, before we need to know it. Participants were presented with the question, “If we were managing oceans in 2050 and looking back, what research, primary or synthetic, would wish we had invested in today?” We first identified major social and ecological events over the past 60 years that shaped current human relationships with coasts and oceans. We then used a modified Delphi approach to identify nine priority research areas and 46 questions focused on increasing sustainability and well-being in marine social–ecological systems. The research areas we identified include relationships between ecological and human health, access to resources, equity, governance, economics, resilience, and technology. Most questions require increased collaboration across traditionally distinct disciplines and sectors for successful study and implementation. By identifying these questions, we hope to facilitate the discourse, research, and policies needed to rapidly promote healthy marine ecosystems and the human communities that depend upon them.

B. Étain, M. Aas, O. Andreassen et al.