Located between Bellah’s American Civil Religion, Bredekamp’s Image Act Theory, and Genette’s theory on narratology, this essay examines the impact House of Cards had on the 2016 presidential elections. Kevin Spacey’s iconic character Frank Underwood was the first presidential villain, and the first one who moved beyond the series to appear at the Correspondents’ Dinner in 2013. While the breaking of the fourth wall was not new to film, interactions with the audience on- and off-screen were fundamentally new. Furthermore, by including ‘real’ news anchors like Stephen Colbert or John King in the show, boundaries between fact and fiction are blurred. Also, portraits of former presidents are used to contextualize but also contrast Underwood’s words and actions. This stylistic element employs many civil religious narratives which are part of the collective memory. Watching Underwood undermine those commonly known civil religious and democratic dogmas in the ‘fictional reality’ changes and shapes the audience’s perception of the American presidency’s institutional narratives. By rearranging various civil religious elements into a completely new, yet familiar picture, the fictional presidential narrative became part of the historical imagination. Thus, the insight House of Cards offered to a fictional Washington, D.C. with non-fictional markers enabled Donald Trump’s campaign team to develop persisting media strategies for his Reality Show.
El artículo reconstruye la trayectoria seguida por la figura de Eva Perón durante la década larga que va de las primeras conmemoraciones de su muerte, organizadas bajo el impulso del Estado peronista, hasta la época de su consagración en capas más amplias de la cultura argentina, más allá de los contornos partidarios, en la segunda mitad los años sesenta. Se analiza, en primer término, cómo perduró y se transformó tras la expulsión del gobierno peronista del poder, el impulso inicial del funeral de Estado, cuando los homenajes pasaron a estar a cargo de actores peronistas no estatales, con finalidades y formatos diversos, y un sentido crecientemente desafiante del statu quo. En segundo lugar, se exploran las cualidades de Eva Perón enaltecidas por los diferentes emprendedores de conmemoraciones y por quienes se reivindicaron herederos de su legado, identificando las demandas y coyunturas diversas a las que se asoció su recuerdo. Al final se atiende al mercado editorial y periodístico como un contexto de producción y circulación de significados que permite entender por fuera de los confines del peronismo, la eclosión de una nueva figura revolucionaria de Eva Perón, en la Argentina de conflictiva modernización de los años sesenta.
This paper studies the texts and illustrations published in the Spanish magazine Semanario Pintoresco Español (1836-1857) about the conquest of America, especially Mexico, and those dedicated to pre-Hispanic archeology as cultural transfers. Their sources are identified, and the adaptation processes are analyzed to show how they are inserted into the repertoire of the Spanish cultural system. These collaborations contributed both to the creation of a story about the conquest of Mexico and to the defense of the role of Spain regarding the discovery of pre-Hispanic civilizations.
The novel Racimo (2014) by Diego Zúñiga is an ingenious assemble of local and global violence that traces a subtle relation between tragic events in different geographies and temporalities. Racimo effectively evokes the traumatic past from a unique perspective that attempts to link the 1973 Copu d´état with the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001. Local memory therefore is questioned from a global perspective. In other words, the novel suggests the need to exanimate the Chilean September 11 through its connection with the 9/11.
Latin America. Spanish America, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Reseña sobre el libro Los "indios de la Pampa" a través de la mirada misionera: un relato fotográfico del "dilatado yermo pampeano", de Ana María Teresa Rodríguez y Rocío Sánchez (comps., 2019). Santa Rosa, EdUNLPam
(236 págs.).
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Latin America. Spanish America
Across the globe, public and private actors are now invoking conscience as a ground for objecting to laws or judicial decisions that confer on citizens reproductive and LGBT rights. Conscience claims in culture-war conflicts over reproduction and sexuality differ from paradigmatic religious accommodation claims, where an individual from a minority faith seeks to engage in ritual observance or religiously-motivated dress that runs afoul of generally applicable laws. Accommodation of culture-war conscience claims may inflict significant harms on other citizens and impose older, traditional views on citizens whose rights the law only recently has come to protect.
Our intervention is practical and critical. We offer guidance on accommodation, showing how government might promote pluralism by accommodating objectors while protecting citizens who may be affected. We suggest that when government accommodates conscience in a framework that does not preserve the other citizens’ rights, government may be employing accommodation to create a de facto public order favoring objectors’ beliefs.
Los estudios sobre la fundación de conventos permiten una aproximación excepcional a los conflictos de la sociedad donde se establecen. En este artículo, el surgimiento de un claustro femenino en Santafé (1606) revela el conflicto de poder latente entre los descendientes de los primeros conquistadores y los nuevos funcionarios de la Audiencia. Más allá de los aspectos relativos a la espiritualidad, el caso estudiado deja apreciar el entramado de vínculos que unían los linajes de los primeros conquistadores, como también sus esfuerzos y estrategias para conservar los privilegios y la primacía social que veían amenazada por la política de la Corona y sus funcionarios.
Os povos indígenas no Amazonas estão em constante movimentação de idas e vindas de suas terras no interior do Amazonas para as cidades, principalmente para a grande metrópole denominada Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas. Ao chegar à cidade grande, vão morar nas periferias e passam a ficar expostos e à mercê das problemáticas vivenciadas pelas minorias étnicas, o que os leva a uma tomada de decisão em relação às organizações indígenas na cidade. O presente artigo versa sobre a diversidade cultural indígena em Manaus/AM/Brasil. Apresenta a elaboração da identidade do professor indígena num novo processo de territorialização em que o campo empírico foi a cidade de Manaus. Nesse novo processo, os agentes sociais se reorganizam, formando um movimento coletivo com diferentes etnias, em prol de reivindicações específicas, reelaborando e ressignificando conceitos, impondo a sua classificação. Nesse sentido, o principal objetivo deste estudo é dar visibilidade às identidades coletivas da cidade, aos processos de reorganização social das comunidades indígenas que demarcam suas territorialidades específicas na cidade e às reivindicações por uma Escola Diferenciada.
O artigo analisa as estratégias de produção da crença no poeta João Silva Franco (1918-2008), conhecido como João Sapateiro, cujo legado instituiu uma memória topográfica protagonizada pela cidade de Laranjeiras/SE. Para além da análise de sua poética, visualizamos as estratégias de manipulação de seu legado destacando como o escritor e seus herdeiros legais e simbólicos promoveram agenciamentos em prol de sua distinção nas tramas da economia simbólica. Analisando a publicação de suas obras, a instituição de vigilâncias comemorativas e, principalmente, a instalação de uma estátua em sua homenagem no centro da cidade de pedras e de palavras, observamos os usos do passado, a instituição de uma memória topográfica e a trama de sua monumentalização como uma das figuras centrais na batalha das memórias que institui personalidades significativas no campo do patrimônio cultural de Laranjeiras/SE.
This paper aims to be a presentation to a source that mobilizes new questions to researchers that deal with the Conquest of the Desert and the consolidation of the Argentinean state: the lists of indigenous prisoners in the concentration camp of Valcheta (1887). Firstly, we wonder about the relationship created by the “future” as a constitutive part of historical narratives. Secondly, we present our theoretical and methodological approach that we synthesize as the reconstruction of a "shattered archive". That is, a historical exercise to assemble the scattered evidence of silenced processes, particularly, due to institutional violence. Finally, the essay contextualizes the source both from its process of production as well as its circulation as part of the historical narrative that understands Valcheta as a concentration camp spatialized during the incorporation of indigenous peoples of Patagonia to the nation-state-territory matrix.
BACKGROUND: Many captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show a variety of serious behavioural abnormalities, some of which have been considered as possible signs of compromised mental health. The provision of environmental enrichments aimed at reducing the performance of abnormal behaviours is increasing the norm, with the housing of individuals in (semi-)natural social groups thought to be the most successful of these. Only a few quantitative studies of abnormal behaviour have been conducted, however, particularly for the captive population held in zoological collections. Consequently, a clear picture of the level of abnormal behaviour in zoo-living chimpanzees is lacking. METHODS: We present preliminary findings from a detailed observational study of the behaviour of 40 socially-housed zoo-living chimpanzees from six collections in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. We determined the prevalence, diversity, frequency, and duration of abnormal behaviour from 1200 hours of continuous behavioural data collected by focal animal sampling. RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our overall finding was that abnormal behaviour was present in all sampled individuals across six independent groups of zoo-living chimpanzees, despite the differences between these groups in size, composition, housing, etc. We found substantial variation between individuals in the frequency and duration of abnormal behaviour, but all individuals engaged in at least some abnormal behaviour and variation across individuals could not be explained by sex, age, rearing history or background (defined as prior housing conditions). Our data support a conclusion that, while most behaviour of zoo-living chimpanzees is 'normal' in that it is typical of their wild counterparts, abnormal behaviour is endemic in this population despite enrichment efforts. We suggest there is an urgent need to understand how the chimpanzee mind copes with captivity, an issue with both scientific and welfare implications.
Os autores retomam os principais temas, abordagens e problemas da historiografia militar da Grécia Antiga com a finalidade de mostrar que as pesquisas se direcionam para uma abordagem cultural da guerra
Este libro recrea el período de esplendor de la burguesía argentina, entre 1880 y 1930, a través de más de mil seiscientas fotografías, documentos, cartas, retratos, caricaturas. De esta manera nos entrega un vasto fresco de un estilo de vida de una clase social, de una historia de las mentalidades, de una historia oral, de una antropología cultural sustentada en documentación visual.