Abstract Earth system models inform water policy and interventions, but knowledge gaps in hydrologic representations limit the credibility of projections and impacts assessments. The literature does not provide conclusive evidence that incorporating higher resolutions, comprehensive process models, and latest parameterization schemes, will result in improvements. We compare hydroclimate representations and runoff projections across two generations of Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models, specifically, CMIP5 and CMIP6, with gridded runoff from Global Runoff Reconstruction (GRUN) and ECMWF Reanalysis V5 (ERA5) as benchmarks. Our results show that systematic embedding of the best available process models and parameterizations, together with finer resolutions, improve runoff projections with uncertainty characterizations in 30 of the largest rivers worldwide in a mechanistically explainable manner. The more skillful CMIP6 models suggest that, following the mid-range SSP370 emissions scenario, 40% of the rivers will exhibit decreased runoff by 2100, impacting 850 million people.
Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler çerçevesinde incelenmesi iki faktör arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 23,91±6.32 olan 168’i kadın, 147’si erkek olmak üzere 315 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara Katılımcı Değerlendirme Formu, Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları kapsamında katılımcıların cinsiyetine, bireysel veya takım sporu sürdürme durumuna göre sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının ve psikolojik iyi oluş seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise cinsiyet ve branş fark etmeksizin sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasında orta düzey pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunmasıdır (p<0,001). Çalışma sonucunda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ile psikolojik sağlıklarının ilişkili olduğu ve bunun branşa ve cinsiyete göre değişmediği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu doğrultuda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını geliştirmenin, psikolojik sağlıklarını iyileştirdiği; psikolojik iyilik halinde artışın sporcularda sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını iyileştirdiği söylenebilir.
A.Y.A. Mohamed, Laurence Gill, Alejandro Monleon
et al.
Microbial aggregates of different sizes in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems have been shown to exhibit distinct microbial community compositions. However, studies comparing the microbial activities of different-sized aggregates in AGS systems remain limited. In this study, genome-resolved metatranscriptomics was used to investigate microbial activity patterns within differently sized aggregates in a full-scale AGS plant. Our analysis revealed a weak correlation between the relative abundance of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and their transcriptomic activity, indicating that microbial abundance does not directly correspond to metabolic activity within the system. Flocculent sludge (FL; <0.2 mm) predominantly featured active nitrifiers and fermentative polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) from Candidatus Phosphoribacter, while small granules (SG; 0.2–1.0 mm) and large granules (LG; >1.0 mm) hosted more metabolically active PAOs affiliated with Ca. Accumulibacter. Differential gene expression analysis further supported these findings, demonstrating significantly higher expression levels of key phosphorus uptake genes associated with Ca. Accumulibacter in granular sludge (SG and LG) compared to flocculent sludge. Conversely, Ca. Phosphoribacter showed higher expression of these genes in the FL fraction. This study highlights distinct functional roles and metabolic activities of crucial microbial communities depending on aggregate size within AGS systems, offering new insights into optimizing wastewater treatment processes.
We describe an operator on 4-ended tangles that is induced by 2-cabling of a strongly invertible knot. By passing to the 4-ended tangle Khovanov theory of Kotelskiy-Watson-Zibrowius, this induces an operator on the category of type D structures over the Bar-Natan algebra $\mathcal{B}$, as well as on a Fukaya category of the 4-punctured 2-sphere. We provide a full description of this operator's restriction to cap-trivial tangles. Finally, we extract geography results that are inspired by a recent concordance invariant of Lewark-Zibrowius.
We initiate the study of torus surgeries on knot traces. Our key technical insight is realizing the annulus twisting construction of Osoinach as a torus surgery on a knot trace. We present several applications of this idea. We find exotic elliptic surfaces that can be realized as surgery on null-homologously embedded traces in a manner similar to that proposed by Manolescu and Piccirillo. Then we exhibit exotic traces with novel properties and improve upon the known geography for exotic Stein fillings. Finally, we construct new potential counterexamples to the smooth 4-dimensional Poincaré Conjecture.
Timur Mirzoev, Anthony Moore, Brianna Pryzbysz
et al.
As more companies look to capitalize on the benefits of geospatial data, Geographic Information Systems provide an area for growth in the Information Technology job sector in the United States. Careers in GIS require geography, cartography, and IT skills. As the industry grows, candidates with these types of skills that are in demand and are needed to advance the geospatial industry forward. This industry is not generally known as a growth area to many IT professionals, and due to misleading job postings, many candidates may not know their skills are in demand
The present world is experiencing different kinds of new phenomena, such as neoliberalism and its impact globally, which have deeply affected human society. This article aims to explore the geography of anthropology in the changing context of neoliberal globalization, viz-a-viz. Nepal and the world. The article investigates why anthropology is appropriate to study classes in a neo-liberal context, how neo-liberalism affects the social life of humans, and how the classes are formed. It argues that anthropology, through its origin, focused on the study of others’ cultures, while its contemporary extent has expanded to the study of human society, various development paradigms, and its effects on men that include the study of class and culture in a globalized world shaped by neoliberalism. Methodologically, this article is based on a textual review of relevant literature in anthropology, blending with the essence of globalization and neoliberalism, while the ethnographic insights from central Nepal, as well as the author's own experiences, are also reflected. The findings suggest that neoliberal globalization has a profound impact on human societies, transforming traditional agrarian structures into proletarianization, often driven by dependence on remittance economies and overseas employment. Ultimately, the article highlights anthropology’s role in understanding the complex and shifting dynamics of class in the contemporary globalized world.
The article presents data on the spatial and temporal variability of the carbon cycle processes in different types of natural and agricultural ecosystems functioning on Grey-Luvic Phaeozems and Grey-Luvic Phaeozems Hortic. Ecological monitoring of respiration, hydrothermal and chemical properties of soil and productivity of vegetation cover was conducted in six natural and agricultural ecosystems. It was found that soils of the forest and garden ecosystems emit 7.2 – 47.9 % more carbon into the atmosphere than soils of the agroecosystems and the ecosystems with herbaceous phytocenoses. It was revealed that soils (humus horizon of 20 cm thickness) stored up to 3.3 tonnes/ha of carbon (increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock), while tree leaves and herbage assimilated up to 7.5 tonnes/ha of carbon in the garden ecosystem during the growing season.
Abstract The combination of fingerprint positioning and 5G (the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) offers broader application prospects for indoor positioning technology, but also brings challenges in real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint positioning method based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using a classification approach in a single-base station scenario for massive multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We introduce an angle-delay domain fingerprint matrix that simplifies the computation process and increases the location differentiation. The cosine distance is chosen as the fingerprint similarity criterion due to its sensitivity to angular differences. First, the DCNN model is used to determine the sub-area to which the mobile terminal belongs, and then the weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) matching algorithm is used to estimate the position within the sub-area. The positioning performance is simulated in a DeepMIMO indoor environment, showing that the classification DCNN method reduces the positioning time by 77.05% compared to the non-classification method, with only a 1.08% increase in average positioning error.
Riley C. W. O'Neill, Katrina Yezzi-Woodley, Jeff Calder
et al.
Modern archaeological methods increasingly utilize 3D virtual representations of objects, computationally intensive analyses, high resolution scanning, large datasets, and machine learning. With higher resolution scans, challenges surrounding computational power, memory, and file storage quickly arise. Processing and analyzing high resolution scans often requires memory-intensive workflows, which are infeasible for most computers and increasingly necessitate the use of super-computers or innovative methods for processing on standard computers. Here we introduce a novel protocol for en-masse micro-CT scanning of small objects with a {\em mostly-automated} processing workflow that functions in memory-limited settings. We scanned 1,112 animal bone fragments using just 10 micro-CT scans, which were post-processed into individual PLY files. Notably, our methods can be applied to any object (with discernible density from the packaging material) making this method applicable to a variety of inquiries and fields including paleontology, geology, electrical engineering, and materials science. Further, our methods may immediately be adopted by scanning institutes to pool customer orders together and offer more affordable scanning. The work presented herein is part of a larger program facilitated by the international and multi-disciplinary research consortium known as Anthropological and Mathematical Analysis of Archaeological and Zooarchaeological Evidence (AMAAZE). AMAAZE unites experts in anthropology, mathematics, and computer science to develop new methods for mass-scale virtual archaeological research. Overall, our new scanning method and processing workflows lay the groundwork and set the standard for future mass-scale, high resolution scanning studies.
This chapter synthesizes evidence from cognitive science, evolutionary theory, anthropology, psychological studies, and computational models for a complex systems inspired theory of creativity, and its role in cultural evolution. Creativity is guided by the global shape of one's integrated network of memories, concepts, and beliefs: one's worldview. This integrated structure and its dynamical change over time are described using autocatalytic networks. Autocatalytic networks can interact with each other, and they can grow and evolve; through interactions between their components, they generate novel components. Thus, they are used to describe cultural change both within and between individuals, as well as across cultural lineages. The chapter outlines autocatalytic network models of the origin of culture, the cognitive developmental process by which each child becomes a participant in cultural evolution, and the role of imitation, leadership, and social media on cultural evolution, as well as the trade-off between creativity and continuity.
Scuba diving is a global leisure activity today often undertaken as a form of tourism, counting millions of practitioners. Drawing on my experience of diving in different parts of the world, as well as on various forms of documentation, this article focuses on the structural characteristics of this form of purposeful tourism. As a sport, scuba diving follows certain routines and regulations and can thus be seen as a form of serious leisure; that is, leisure involving plans and demands. As a form of tourism, it is a particular way of imagining the world, based on a specific form of cartography and mass mediated images and stories of the vast blue and its inhabitants. My argument is that when undertaking scuba as a form of tourism, whether guiding or being guided, divers submit to the structures of both the sport and the touring. These then determine both how they dive from a technical point of view and how they come to think about diving and indeed, in a sense, the world. Divers are thus guided by ‘serious leisure imaginaries’. Altogether, scuba diving tourism here emerges as a transformative social force where tourists, locals and localities are constructed simultaneously in a dynamic interplay.
This article discusses the problems of numerical solution of non-stationary convection-diffusion-reaction problems using the model problem of suspended matter transport as an example. In the difference scheme proposed by the authors, at each time layer, the original spatial-three-dimensional problem is split along horizontal directions into a chain of two-dimensional and one-dimensional problems. In order to ensure the unconditional skew-symmetry of the convective transfer operator and its energy neutrality, the convective terms are written in symmetric form (half the sum of the non-divergent and divergent forms). The approximation of the initial boundary value problem, to which the suspended matter transport model is reduced, is considered in the Hilbert space of grid functions, which in subsequent discussions will allow us to focus on the use of general results of the theory of stability (correctness) of operator-difference schemes.
V.G. Bakhmutov, O.V. Mytrokhyn, I.B. Poliachenko
et al.
A palaeomagnetic study of rocks for two Palaeoproterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complexes in the Ukrainian Shield was done to put additional constraints on the interpretation of palaeogeography of Fennoscandia and Volgo-Sarmatia in the Palaeoproterozoic. With this study, 5 sites of Korsun-Novomyrhorod and 3 sites of Korosten AMCG complexes in central and north-western parts of the shield, respectively, were chosen for palaeomagnetic sampling given the geological, modern geochronological and previous palaeomagnetic data. Primary remanent magnetization was isolated on samples of anorthosites, Gabbro, and monzonites within a narrow time interval of U-Pb geochronology dataset of 1.76—1.75 Ga. The palaeomagnetic poles calculated for Korosten and Korsun-Novomyrhorod complexes are almost identical, which indicates that the Volyn and Ingul Domains developed within a single structure of the Ukrainian Shield since at least 1.75 Ga. The new palaeomagnetic pole calculated for all 8 sites (Plat=22.7 °N, Plon=167.4 °E, A95=3.3°) agrees well with previous studies by Elming et al. [2001, 2010]. The selection of the most reliable palaeomagnetic poles for Fennoscandia and Volgo-Sarmatia of this time indicates that the present position of the Ukrainian Shield relative to Fennoscandia is not the same as for about 1.75 Ga, when Fennoscandia occupied a subequatorial position within palaeolatitudes of 5—20 °N, and Volgo-Sarmatia was located close to the equator and rotated relative to Fennoscandia counterclockwise by about 40° compared to its present position.
Amir Mohammad Esmaieeli Sikaroudi, Alon Efrat, Michael Chertkov
Our study presents an intermediate-level modeling approach that bridges the gap between complex Agent-Based Models (ABMs) and traditional compartmental models for infectious diseases. We introduce "super-agents" to simulate infection spread in cities, reducing computational complexity while retaining individual-level interactions. This approach leverages real-world mobility data and strategic geospatial tessellations for efficiency. Voronoi Diagram tessellations, based on specific street network locations, outperform standard Census Block Group tessellations, and a hybrid approach balances accuracy and efficiency. Benchmarking against existing ABMs highlights key optimizations. This research improves disease modeling in urban areas, aiding public health strategies in scenarios requiring geographic specificity and high computational efficiency.
The amount and dissemination rate of media content accessible online is nowadays overwhelming. Recommender Systems filter this information into manageable streams or feeds, adapted to our personal needs or preferences. It is of utter importance that algorithms employed to filter information do not distort or cut out important elements from our perspectives of the world. Under this principle, it is essential to involve diverse views and teams from the earliest stages of their design and development. This has been highlighted, for instance, in recent European Union regulations such as the Digital Services Act, via the requirement of risk monitoring, including the risk of discrimination, and the AI Act, through the requirement to involve people with diverse backgrounds in the development of AI systems. We look into the geographic diversity of the recommender systems research community, specifically by analyzing the affiliation countries of the authors who contributed to the ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys) during the last 15 years. This study has been carried out in the framework of the Diversity in AI - DivinAI project, whose main objective is the long-term monitoring of diversity in AI forums through a set of indexes.
The peculiarities of the transport and geographical position of Chernivtsi oblast and the possibilities of its use for the development of tourism and recreation are analyzed. The possibilities of transport connection of the region with other regions of Ukraine and foreign countries are investigated. Some aspects of the location of individual recreational and tourist centers of the region relative to the most important transport highways in the context of the transfer of tourists to the main destinations are revealed. Transport services are an integral part of the tourist product and an important factor in the development of tourism in the region. The transport accessibility of the most popular tourist facilities depends on the level of development of the transport complex, which in turn affects the price of the tourist product, its quality and the final impressions of tourists from visiting tourist places. One of the key factors affecting the development of the transport complex of the region is its transport and geographical position. The influence of this factor is first of all revealed in the location of the region relative to the main international and important national routes of communication, as well as in the distance and ease of communication from the main transport highways to the centers of recreational and tourist activity. Chernivtsi oblast, despite the size of the territory (the smallest by this indicator in Ukraine), has a favorable transport and geographical position in the context of tourism development. This is due to the following aspects: 1) A number of highways of international and national importance pass through the territory of the region, which continue in the neighboring countries – Romania and Moldova and other regions of Ukraine. The total length of public roads in the region in 2020 was 2.9 thousand km. Thus, there are more than 358 kilometers of highways per 1,000 km2 of the region’s area. 2) A fairly developed network of railway tracks has been formed in the region, within which a number of suburban and intercity railways operate. In 2020, the length of railway tracks in the region was 413 kilometers, or almost 51 km of tracks per thousand square kilometers of the region’s territory. 3) An international airport operates in Chernivtsi oblast center. This is the only facility in the region that allows air communication with other regions of Ukraine and countries of the world. Therefore, Chernivtsi oblast occupies a favorable transport and geographical position. This is primarily due to its border location and the availability of transport connections with Romania and Moldova, as well as a significant number of road and rail connections, an international airport in Chernivtsi. In general, the transport and geographical location of the main tourist and recreation centers is favorable for the development of tourism. However, the state of transport infrastructure, in particular most local roads, creates significant obstacles in the provision of quality tourist services. The most problematic aspect in this matter is the restoration of the bridge across the Prut River between the villages of Dubivtsi and Hlynnytsia. This will make it possible to significantly improve the road connection of recreational and tourist centers located in the southwestern part of the region with the M-19 and H-10 highways, which play the most important role for the arrival of tourists in the region. It is also important to increase the number of direct flights between the regions of Ukraine and with foreign countries, rail transport from Chernivtsi and to restore regular air flights.