Hasil untuk "French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature"

U. Ravens-Sieberer, A. Gosch, L. Rajmil et al.

Marjorie Haydee Dume Villacís, Ernesto Wenceslao Limonchi Falen

El liderazgo directivo en la educación constituye un factor decisivo para la mejora de la calidad, la equidad y los aprendizajes en las instituciones escolares de América Latina, especialmente en contextos atravesados por desigualdades estructurales y limitaciones institucionales. En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la producción científica reciente sobre el liderazgo directivo educativo en América Latina publicada entre 2021 y 2025, a fin de reconocer tendencias, aportes y vacíos en este campo. La metodología se desarrolló bajo el diseño de revisión sistemática de la literatura, siguiendo los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos Dialnet, Scielo y Scopus, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión que permitieron depurar un corpus final de 24 artículos científicos. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de los modelos de liderazgo transformacional e instruccional, asociados con la motivación docente, la gestión curricular y la mejora institucional. También se identificaron enfoques complementarios como el liderazgo distribuido, inclusivo y sostenible, aunque con menor presencia en la región. Se concluyó que el liderazgo directivo constituye una competencia clave para enfrentar los desafíos educativos en América Latina, aunque persistieron vacíos conceptuales y metodológicos que demandan estudios comparativos, longitudinales y con enfoques innovadores orientados a fortalecer la profesionalización y autonomía de los líderes escolares.

R. Gumbrell-Mccormick, R. Hyman

Izabela Guimarães Guerra Leal

Os trabalhos de tradução realizados pelo poeta português Herberto Helder são bem conhecidos.  Desta prática, destaco como as mais inquietantes aquelas que se debruçaram sobre culturas não ocidentais. A falta de referência completa de fontes, salvo raríssimas exceções, faz com que essa atividade tradutória torne-se realmente misteriosa, podendo revestir de dúvidas a existência real desses cantos/poemas, o que nos levaria a imaginá-los, talvez, como criações do próprio autor. De fato, Herberto Helder não os incluiu, por vezes, entre as suas publicações, como ocorre na Poesia toda (1981), onde já aparece o seu primeiro livro de traduções chamado O bebedor nocturno e em outra edição da Poesia toda (1990) que inclui novamente O bebedor nocturno e o segundo livro de traduções intitulado As magias? Tais traduções podem ser caracterizadas como um amplo trabalho de pesquisa realizado pelo poeta, o que lhe permite coletar os cantos em outras fontes, provavelmente compilações de especialistas, a partir das quais ele traduz, e em seguida apaga-lhes os rastros. As possíveis relações entre o ato de tradução e o de criação, como também as variadas temáticas que atravessam esses cantos põem em evidência aspectos como a oralidade, a musicalidade, as distorções sintáticas e a produção de línguas poéticas marcadas pela experiência da alteridade. De todo modo, o que parece indubitável é que há, em Herberto Helder, uma poética da tradução, e essa poética redunda num anacronismo em função do qual o antigo e o novo coexistem, misturam-se, transmitem um ao outro determinados traços específicos, revelando um processo de mão dupla de apropriações e empréstimos. A fim de esclarecer algumas inquietações relativas a essas traduções tratarei aqui de dois casos bem distintos: a tradução de “A criação da lua”, dos Huni Kuin, e de “Mulher cobra negra”, dos Gondos da Índia Central.  

L. Zagata, L. Sutherland

M. Gibney, S. Barr, F. Bellisle et al.

Breakfast is often referred to as the most important meal of the day and in recent years has been implicated in weight control, cardio-metabolic risk factors and cognitive performance although, at present, the literature remains inconclusive as to the precise health benefits of breakfast. There are extensive reports of breakfast’s contributions to daily food and nutrient intakes, as well as many studies that have compared daily food and nutrient intakes by breakfast consumers and skippers. However, significant variation exists in the definitions of breakfast and breakfast skippers, and in methods used to relate breakfast nutrient intakes to overall diet quality. The present review describes a novel and harmonised approach to the study of the nutritional impact of breakfast through The International Breakfast research Initiative involving national dietary survey data from Canada, Denmark, France, Spain, the UK and the USA. It is anticipated that the analysis of such data along harmonised lines, will allow the project to achieve its primary goal of exploring approaches to defining optimal breakfast food and nutrient intakes. Such data will be of value to public health nutrition policy-makers and food manufacturers and will also allow consistent messaging to help consumers to optimize food choices at breakfast.

R. Kolluri, M. Lugli, L. Villalba et al.

Introduction: Venous leg ulcers (VLU) embody the most severe stage of the broad spectrum of chronic venous disease. Approximately 40% of patients with VLU present with the underlying deep venous disease (DVD). Although the data are scarce, these deep venous disease-related VLU (DRV) are thought to have higher recurrence rates and a substantial economic burden. The objective of this study was to assess the economic burden of DRV across Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to identify publications documenting the incidence and prevalence of VLU and DRV, medical resource utilization, and associated costs of DRV. Findings from this literature review were used to estimate the economic burden of illness, including direct medical costs over a 12-month interval following initial presentation of a newly formed DRV. Results: Total annual incidence of new or recurrent DRV in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and the US are estimated at 122,000, 263,000, 345,000, 253,000, 85,000, 230,000, and 643,000 events, respectively, in 2019. Incidence ranges from 0.73 to 3.12 per 1000 persons per year. The estimated annual direct medical costs for patients managed conservatively in these geographies total ~ $10.73 billion (USD) or $5527 per person per year. Conclusion: The availability of published data on the costs of VLU care varies widely across countries considered in this analysis. Although country-specific VLU practice patterns vary, there is a uniform pattern of high-cost care.

Patrick Charaudeau

This article presents the characteristics of populist discourse, emphasizing the rhetorical and ideological blurring of the positions of extreme parties, on both the right and the left, in the face of what social demand is expressing. Résumé Cet article présente les caractéristiques du discours populiste en insistant sur le brouillage rhétorique et idéologique des positionnements des partis extrêmes, de droite comme de gauche, face à ce que manifeste la demande sociale. Mots-clés: discours populiste; brouillage; nationalisme; clivage; victimisation

Yang Zhen

C. Maier

BackgroundNurse prescribing of medicines is increasing worldwide, but there is limited research in Europe. The objective of this study was to analyse which countries in Europe have adopted laws on nurse prescribing.MethodsCross-country comparative analysis of reforms on nurse prescribing, based on an expert survey (TaskShift2Nurses Survey) and an OECD study. Country experts provided country-specific information, which was complemented with the peer-reviewed and grey literature. The analysis was based on policy and thematic analyses.ResultsIn Europe, as of 2019, a total of 13 countries have adopted laws on nurse prescribing, of which 12 apply nationwide (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK)) and one regionally, to the Canton Vaud (Switzerland). Eight countries adopted laws since 2010. The extent of prescribing rights ranged from nearly all medicines within nurses’ specialisations (Ireland for nurse prescribers, Netherlands for nurse specialists, UK for independent nurse prescribers) to a limited set of medicines (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden). All countries have regulatory and minimum educational requirements in place to ensure patient safety; the majority require some form of physician oversight.ConclusionsThe role of nurses has expanded in Europe over the last decade, as demonstrated by the adoption of new laws on prescribing rights.

Caterina Froio, B. Ganesh

ABSTRACT How transnational are the audiences of far right parties and movements on Twitter? While an increasing number of contributions addresses the topic of transnationalism in far right politics, few systematic investigations exist on the actors and discourses favored in transnational exchanges on social media. Building on the literature on the far right, social movements, transnationalism and the Internet, the paper addresses this gap by studying the initiators and the issues that are favored in online exchanges between audiences of far right organizations, e.g. political parties and movements across France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. We use a new dataset on the activities of far right Twitter users that is analyzed through a mixed methods approach. Using social network analysis, we detect transnational links between far right organizations across countries based on retweets from audiences of far right Twitter users. Retweets are qualitatively coded for content and compared to the content retweeted within national communities. Finally, using a logistic regression, we quantify the level to which specific issues and organizations enjoy high levels of attention across borders. Subsequently, we use discourse analysis to qualitatively reconstruct the interpretative frames accompanying these patterns. We find that although social media are often ascribed much power in favoring transnational exchanges between far right organizations, there is little evidence of this. Only a few issues (anti-immigration and nativist interpretations of the economy) garner transnational far right audiences on Twitter. In addition, we find that more than movements, political parties play a prominent role in the construction of a transnational far right discourse.

Tiziana Gentilesca, J. Camarero, M. Colangelo et al.

Abstract: Increased forest vulnerability is being reflected as more widespread and severe drought-induced decline episodes. In particular, the Mediterranean area is revealing a high susceptibility to phenomena of loss in tree vitality across species. Within tree species, oaks (Quercus spp.) are experiencing extensive decline in many countries. However, in the wake of the so-called “oak decline phenomenon”, the attention on these species has generally been limited. In this paper, we review the current available literature on oak-decline cases reported within the Mediterranean Basin, with particular remark for those occurred in Italy and Spain. More specifically our main aims were to: (i) provide an update on the patterns and mechanisms of decline by focusing on tree-ring and wood-anatomical variables; (ii) provide some hints for improving the resistance and resilience of oak stands experiencing decline. Our review reveals that drought is reported as the main driver triggering oak decline within the Mediterranean Basin, although other causes (i.e., increasing temperature, pathogens attack or excessive stand density) could exacerbate decline. In most reported cases, drought induced a substantial reduction of growth and changes in some wood anatomical properties. Indeed, growth decline prior death is also indicated as an early-warning signal of impending death. In ring-porous oak species, declining trees were often characterized by a very low production of latewood and a decrease in lumen area of the widest earlywood vessels, suggesting a potential reduction of hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, hydraulic dysfunction is reported as the main cause of decline. Finally, regarding management actions that should be considered for improving the resilience of declining stands and preserve the species-specific stand composition, it could be useful to shorten the rotation period of coppice stands or promoting their gradual conversion towards high forests, and favoring more drought-resistant species should also be considered. In addition, regeneration prior to regeneration cuts should be improved by anticipating seed dispersal or by planting oak seedlings obtained from local germoplasm.

Adelheid Rundholz, Mustafa Kırça

This article examines translations of Salman Rushdie's second novel, Midnight's Children, into French, German, Italian, and Turkish. Specific examples reveal that while all translators maintain a foreignizing stance toward the source text, their respective target languages and cultures make foreignizing a relative effect, dependent on the target language and target culture's distance from or proximity to the source text/culture. The article also argues that Rushdie's novel fits the notion of literatures of the world, because the translations replicate and also refract the source text in different contexts, thus effectively multiplying a single source novel to become plural in its multiple (language) worlds.

Paola Laskaris

En el presente trabajo se propone un estudio de un pliego suelto conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España que contiene siete romances, los primeros seis relacionados con la historia bíblica de Judit y Holofernes. El pliego, compuesto y recopilado por el impresor Juan Bautista (el único dato tipográfico explicitado en la portada) atrajo la atención de eruditos y estudiosos por su aspecto y su contenido. Tras aclarar definitivamente la procedencia y autoría del pliego, se analizan algunos pasajes en relación con la circulación (textual e iconográfica) del motivo bíblico en el Siglo de Oro.

Dulcinea Martínez Ceballos

Poner en relación dos obras que evidencian, por las temáticas que abordan, varios puntos en contacto, supone, asimismo, tratar su vinculación a partir de una lectura focalizada en las resoluciones particulares que cada autor despliega de ellas. El objetivo de esta aproximación es llamar la atención sobre las significancias profundas que entrañan los distintos abordajes de la figura paterna en El desierto y su semilla de Jorge Barón Biza y La invención de la soledad de Paul Auster. En ambos textos, la condición de la posibilidad creativa de la escritura se relaciona, en última instancia, con la figura del padre. Es a partir de una tematización de esta que se hacen factibles las respectivas narraciones, donde la dimensión de la memoria y el recuerdo se expanden hacia el presente de escritura. La experiencia de fragmentación se trasunta en El desierto y su semilla en una manera particular del narrador para percibir el mundo, gestada por un acto de destrucción del padre; en La invención de la soledad, la sorpresa de la ausencia definitiva emplaza el orden de la representación del vínculo paterno tanto del narrador con su padre, como de sí mismo en ese rol. En ambos, la muerte asoma convocando a la soledad como espacio de escritura.

Susana Bardavío Estevan

Despite Emilia Pardo Bazán’s prominent feminism, La sirena negra has been strangely overlooked by gender studies. When the novel was published in 1908, Gómez de Baquero judged it “non feminist” due to its superficial heroines and the centrality of its complex masculine characters. Academic studies of La sirena negra have not refuted this idea, since they have elided gender approaches to focus on its decadent aesthetics. This article argues, on the contrary, that the novel’s androcentrism can be read as a Pardo Bazan’s strategy to appropriate the patriarchal discourse and hold it responsible for national degeneration. Emilia Pardo Bazán was harshly affected by the fin-de-siècle crisis. In her opinion, Spanish decay came from a lack of solid morality. Thus, Catholic principles should be restored because they would provide the autoregulation mechanisms to regenerate and reassemble the country. Literature should show the new reality, and the French roman psychologique provided her with an appropriate model. La sirena negra sets out the problem of the moral anomie through its protagonist, Gaspar de Montenegro. The analysis of his sexuality and gender performance reveals the danger of this amoral behavior for the degeneration of society, attributed ultimately to the patriarchal order and the androcentric discourse.

Mikel Ayerbe Sudupe

El análisis de la novela Mejor la ausencia de Edurne Portela y los relatos de Iban Zaldua publicados después del alto al fuego definitivo de ETA remarcan la necesidad de seguir ahondando literariamente en torno a las cuestiones relacionadas con el conflicto vasco, aun cuando el conflicto ha entrado en otro ciclo. Portela opta por ofrecer una revisión del pasado violento mediante una crónica familiar y la reescritura de la misma, mientras que en el caso de Zaldua, los relatos más recientes se sitúan temporal y temáticamente en la denominada era post-ETA.

M. Hatoum

Milton Hatoum (Manaus, 1952), of Lebanese descent, was a professor of French literature at the Federal University of Amazonas and visiting professor of Brazilian literature in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of California, Berkeley. Starting with Relato de um certo Oriente (1989; Tale of a Certain Orient, 2004), he has published five novels, three in English translation, most recently, Orphans of Eldorado (2010); two collections of short stories, and essays, and has won numerous prizes, including the Jabuti (three times). Hatoum’s latest novels, A noite da espera (The Longest Night, 2017) and Pontos de fuga (Vanishing Points, 2019) are the first and second volumes of the trilogy “O lugar mais sombrio” (The Darkest Place). The following has been excerpted and translated from an interview in Cadernos de Literatura Brasileira (no. 2, Sept. 1996).

Fabien Van Geert

I there any need to introduce Hugues de Varine? As Assistant Director of ICOM from 1962 to 1965 and Director until 1974, he inspired a number of (eco) museum projects around the world. After publishing extensively on his conception of museums since the 1970s (his bibliography contains over 100 works), the author is now developing a retrospective and subjective look at the New Museology, from its origins to its current objectives, notably through a series of self-published volumes of his ‘petites histoires vécues’ (personal stories and anecdotes). In this work, published in 2017 (and currently being translated into Spanish and Portuguese), Hugues de Varine expands on these reflections in a free literary form, aiming to reflect the reality of ecomuseums throughout the world drawing on his observations during his long career.1 The central premise is that these museums have often been misunderstood in literature and seen as a specifically French phenomenon, even though examples can be found in many parts of the world. To support his argument, in the first two chapters of the book, the author recalls the origin of ecomuseums and their links to the New Museology before presenting several examples of ecomuseum approaches throughout the next four chapters. We learn that these practices exist on nearly every continent, even though, as the author laments, ecomuseums are poorly documented in international literature. He then dedicates one chapter for each ecomuseum in Italy and in Brazil, which de Varine knows particularly well, arguing that the development of this museum format has been particularly successful in these two contexts thanks to the recognition of its unique characteristics.