Hasil untuk "Forestry"

Cheng Zhang, Lingmei Jiang, Jinmei Pan et al.

Accurate daily mapping of 30-m fractional snow cover (FSC) is critical for hydrological modeling and disaster assessment. Frequent cloud cover and satellite revisit cycles create significant data gaps in high-resolution optical imagery (e.g., Landsat, Sentinel-2), hindering the continuous monitoring of rapid snow dynamics. To address these limitations, we propose the Time-series-based Adaptive snow-Fraction Fusion (TAFF) framework for generating seamless daily 30-m FSC over large scales. The core of TAFF is a dual-path fusion strategy that adapts to the physical state of the snowpack. First, a time-series-based snow stability assessment gauges the magnitude of temporal FSC change. This assessment then directs the fusion process: stable snow is processed using time-weighted fusion, while rapidly changing snow is handled by a pixel-level regression. Evaluated over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, TAFF demonstrates robust improvements over established spatiotemporal fusion algorithms, particularly under cloudy conditions. Independent validation against 215 Landsat 8 images yielded strong performance (R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 19.58 %). Further validation against 46 in-situ snow depth stations indicated a high binary classification accuracy of 0.91. As a robust and practical method for large-scale FSC mapping, TAFF shows promise for integrating additional data sources, such as geostationary and microwave sensors, to enhance the high-resolution monitoring of ephemeral snow.

Zhiyi Su, Wanhong Lu, Haoyang Cao et al.

Abstract Artificial hybridization remains the most effective method for genetic improvement of eucalypt, though limited research exists on the genetic basis of heterosis for interesting traits in Chinese eucalypt. We attempted to use Python in combined with SAS and SPSS to explore the relationship between parental combining ability and heterosis in controlled pollination populations of eucalypt. Our results indicated that E. urophylla had the highest general combining ability (GCA). The special combining ability (SCA) of U3423 × 3327, 06H16 × LL131, and H0733 × U6 were the highest. H0733 × U6, H0733 × P9060, and (E. urophylla × E. grandis) × 06H241 had the strongest mid-parent heterosis (MPH). U3423 × 3327, U952 × C2232, and (E. urophylla × E. grandis) × 06H241 had the strongest high-parent heterosis (HPH). We found that completely controlled by non-additive effects were (E. tereticornis × E. urophylla) × (E. urophylla), E. urophylla or (E. urophylla × E. grandis) × (open pollination). Fully controlled by additive effects were (E. tereticornis × E. urophylla) × E. camaldulensis or E. grandis, (E. urophylla) × (E. pellita × E. tereticornis), (E. urophylla × E. grandis) × E. pellita or E. tereticornis. All the findings in the present research explained the genetic basis of heterosis in eucalypt growth, and enriched the theory of hybrid breeding in eucalypt.

Yang HE, Yiting FENG, Haowen WU et al.

To improve traditional sweet rice wine stability and flavor, yeasts with high alcohol and ester production were isolated, purified, and screened from Yunnan traditional sweet rice wine, and the strain was identified by morphological observation and molecular biology methods, with its alcohol and ester production characteristics analyzed. Effects of different yeasts synergized with Rhizopus oryzae on the quality of sweet rice wine was assessed by physicochemical indexes, sensory evaluation, and amino acid and volatile compositions. Results showed that a high alcohol production yeast strain LF05 and a high ester production yeast strain PL10 were isolated and screened, which were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Compared with the control, S. cerevisiae LF05 synergised with Rhizopus oryzae fermented sweet rice wine increased the alcoholic strength (6.80vol%) and volatile alcohols (44.27 mg/L) by 23.64% and 36.60%. It reduced the bitter amino acids (329.25 μg/mL) by 41.19%. Compared with the control group Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PL10 synergized synergised with Rhizopus oryzae fermented sweet rice wine volatile esters (7.29 mg/L), sweet amino acids (425.18 μg/mL), and fresh amino acids (740.51 μg/mL) were increased by 220.39%, 154.64%, and 134.82%, as well as the sensory score (86 points) increased by 64.48%. In conclusion, the synergistic fermentation of S. cerevisiae LF05 and R. mucilaginosa PL10 with Rhizopus oryzae can improve the problem of taste and blandness of commercial sweet rice wine, which provides a reference and theoretical basis for the preparation of sweet rice wine in Yunnan Province.

Bibiana Fontana Batista, Nadia Helena Bianchini, Alana Silveira Pavlack et al.

ABSTRACT The compounds in essential oils (EOs) are directly linked to their potential use. Drying methods are used to process large amounts of plant material while maintaining or even maximizing quality. This study observed the influence of different drying methods on the yield, density, organoleptic properties, and chemical components of EOs from Ocotea lancifolia leaves, comparing them with oils from fresh leaves. Fresh plant material (F) was subjected to hydrodistillation, a method also used for leaves after air drying (AIR), freezedrying (FL), microwaving (MW), and oven drying at 45 °C (OD 45) or 60 °C (OD 60). Drying and extraction were performed in triplicate, using 350 g of fresh leaves and 250 g for the other samples. Yield was calculated as a percentage. Chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). EO yields were: 0.4863% (F); 0.7400% (AIR); 1.050% (FL); 1.1167% (MW); 0.5867% (OD 45) and 0.7487% (OD 60). Microwaving and freeze-drying provided the highest yields. No differences in densities were observed. A drastic color change was noted in the EOs from leaves dried in an oven at 45 °C and 60 °C. The major compound identified was caryophyllene oxide, with percentages varying among treatments. Other components showed significant differences in structure and/or percentage. Drying time and temperature influenced modifications and degradation of some compounds, sometimes resulting in changes in EOs color and composition.

Yener Ulus, Yener Ulus, Shaoyi Wang et al.

Wildfires are an integral component of Mediterranean ecosystems. The forest management practices implemented following such forest fires can significantly influence soil chemistry and metal dynamics. This study investigates the effects of different forest management strategies, including natural regeneration, grading (e.g., gradoni terrace making), and subsoiling with ripper on soil levels of major, trace, and heavy metals in a fire-affected forest in the southwestern part of Türkiye. Soil samples were collected 2.5 years after the containment of the wildfire and analyzed for selected metals (Fe, Ca, Al, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, As, and Hg) concentrations. The findings indicated that subsoiling with a ripper resulted in elevated levels of multiple potentially toxic metals, including Cr (223.22 ± 60.47 mg/kg), Ni (150.54 ± 27.33 mg/kg), Zn (156.18 ± 66.14 mg/kg), and As (6.72 ± 1.30 mg/kg), compared to other treatments. These findings demonstrate that management interventions such as subsoiling with a ripper can significantly alter the distribution and concentration of trace metals. Future research integrating topographic variation and earlier sampling would further strengthen our understanding of post-fire metal dynamics.

Shuo Wei, Felix Kwame Amevor, Xiaxia Du et al.

Abstract Background Granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, ferroptosis, and other programmed cell death processes are markers of follicular aging. Quercetin has been shown to reduce ferroptosis, however, its effects on ferroptosis in poultry remains unexplored. Our preliminary study identified ferroptosis in aging ovaries. Therefore, in the present study, 540-day-old Mountain Plum-blossom chickens were fed with quercetin supplementation at varying doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg), and examined its molecular effects on GC ferroptosis using an in vitro Erastin-induced model. Results The results showed that quercetin supplementation significantly increased egg production, which confirmed its potential to alleviate ferroptosis in chicken ovarian tissue. The in vitro experiment revealed that quercetin and Fer-1 (positive control) mitigated Erastin-induced ferroptosis in GCs. Further, transcriptome analysis revealed that quercetin modulated key genes such as acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and transferrin receptor (TFRC), involved in ferroptosis regulation. The results further showed that quercetin also reduced Erastin-induced apoptosis and inflammation by modulating the expression of genes and proteins related to apoptosis and inflammatory factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). Conclusion Taken together, the results showed that quercetin improves egg production performance in chickens and mitigates ovarian ferroptosis in aging hens, and inhibits Erastin-induced ferroptosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in GCs. These findings revealed the protective role of quercetin in poultry ovarian tissue and its cellular mechanisms against detrimental factors in poultry production. Graphical Abstract

Pengwei Xun, Hanjun Jiang, Qianqian Huang et al.

The study aims to identify the influences of sodium acetate on the growth, hematologic parameter, carbohydrate metabolism and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high carbohydrate diets. The trial diets were formulated including the suitable carbohydrate (9 %, SC), the high carbohydrate (18 %, HCD) and HCD supplemented with 0.15 % sodium acetate (HCSD), and fed M. salmoides (initial body weight: 3.70 ± 0.06 g) for 8 weeks. The overcomes demonstrated compared to the SC group, the fish fed HCD exhibited metabolic abnormalities and liver damage accompanied with high levels of glucose (GLU), hepatosomatic index (HSI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and hepatic glycogen as well as high activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G6P). However, inclusion of sodium acetate promoted the growth performance and lowered blood GLU and liver glycogen levels. Moreover, adding sodium acetate inhibited gluconeogenesis and promoted glycolysis via the Adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Additionally, in comparison with the HCD group, sodium acetate supplementation improved the composition of gut microbiota, inhibited the proportion of pathogens (Acinetobacter, Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas and Sediminibacterium) and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Cetobacterium and Romboutsia). We concluded that sodium acetate mitigated effectively the adverse symptoms of M. salmoides fed HCD. More importantly, sodium acetate addition may improve the carbohydrate utilization by increasing the proportion of intestinal Cetobacterium and Romboutsia.

Nilay Tulukcu Yildizbas, Hülya Kılıç Hernandez, Hülya Yıldırım et al.

The current study emphasizes the inherent shortcomings of laws and policy approaches that are based on the premise that by increasing wood production, much more emission credits can be achieved by using wood in alternative uses. The article aims to exploit the financing of emission reductions, discuss how carbon sinks held in forest resources can be activated, traded, and financed, and explain how Turkiye's forest carbon potential can be exploited. To make a comparative analysis of the situation of Turkiye at global level, Russian’s potential for carbon sequestration and its trade have been dealt with as a comparison by following quantitative research methodology.  In this research, the calculation method has been used to determine the number of houses that are likely to be built in rural areas using wood materials, e.g., the construction of 100,000 houses with a construction area of 100 m2 per year. Consequently, the forest carbon generated by alternative scenarios contributes positively to the emission balance sheet, as well as climate change mitigation through carbon emission trade despite all legal and technical constraints. Although both countries have similar shortcomings of obtaining carbon credits and its trade, of course Russia has a promising situation in comparison with Turkiye with respect to the amount of carbon sequestered and the likelihood of its trade potential at global level.

Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri, Petra Palátová, Miroslav Hájek et al.

Abstract In recent years, there has been growing interest in public valuation for forest ecosystem services in policymaking. This paper investigates the public’s perception of the Czech forest ecosystem services, i.e., provisioning, regulating and cultural services, with associated factors (changes in forest cover, production, and respondents’ characteristics). The performance perception of forest ecosystem services was gathered from a nationwide survey in 2020. The Coordination of Information on the Environment Land Cover information in 2000 and 2018 was used for observation of forest cover changes. Coniferous and non-coniferous (broadleaved) roundwood, mushroom, and bilberry production data from the observed years were acquired from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Agriculture’s annual nationwide surveys. The Bohemia vs. Moravia study areas were also statistically compared. Predictor analysis of the high score of performance perception from individual and cluster forest ecosystems was also performed to answer the research objectives. The group of forest provisioning services received high scores in public evaluation (from 3.9 to 4.2), followed by regulating services (mean range: 3.7–4.1). The highest score was found in forest as a natural habitat for wild animals and plants (mean: 4.6). However, the lowest value was the esthetic value (mean: 2.3). Both are categorized as forest cultural services. The broadleaved and mixed forest areas in 2018 were significantly higher than in 2000, especially in Bohemia. Meanwhile, the total coniferous forested region in 2018 declined substantially compared to 2000 (p = 0.030), especially in Moravian areas. A significantly higher total production of the coniferous and broadleaved roundwood removals in 2018 than in 2000 was reported, in contrast to a marked decrease in collected mushrooms and bilberries. The high score of performance perception of forests as the wood provisioning service was positively and significantly associated with the changes in broadleaved roundwood removals. Older-age and female respondents were the primary predictors of the studied cluster and individual forest ecosystem services. The findings indicate that the social value of the individual forest provisioning services supports the implementation of multi-species and multi-purpose forests; hence, it encourages the implementation of the current Czech forest policy.

Pei Zhang, Xinyuan Huang, Chen Fu et al.

The interaction amid Monascus pigment (MP) and ovalbumin (OVA) was studied using multispectral and computer simulations. The fluorescence results demonstrated that MP could effectively quench the fluorescence emission of OVA. According to Stern-Volmer and the double logarithmic equation, the quenching reaction of MP to OVA was static quenching, which was brought on by the combination of two molecules to shape a complex. At 298 K, the conjunction constant Ka of MP and OVA was 1.045 2 × 109 L/mol, and the count of conjunction sites n was 1.955 7. The thermodynamic constant of MP-OVA binding was counted according to Van’s Hoff equation, and the reaction belonged to the active process of reducing Gibbs free energy. The ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy indicated an interaction between MP and OVA. The interaction force between MP and OVA and the steadiness of the conjunction were examined by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The findings suggested that MP formed a complex with OVA via non-covalent binding, the formation and steadiness of the complex were promoted through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and Van der Waals force.

Pierre‐Louis Alaux, Yaqian Zhang, Lucy Gilbert et al.

Societal Impact Statement Mycorrhizal fungi are key components of soil biodiversity that offer potential to provide sustainable solutions for land management, notably in agriculture and forestry. Several studies conducted in controlled environments show that key functional attributes of common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), which inter‐link different plants, are influenced by management practices. Here, we highlight the need to consider how land management affects the ubiquity and function of CMNs in nature to maximize the role of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing ecosystem services. We emphasize that CMNs can sometimes negatively affect aspects of plant performance, but there remain major gaps in understanding before explicit consideration of CMN management can be delivered. Summary Most mycorrhizal fungi have the capacity to develop extensive extraradical mycelium, and thus have the potential to connect multiple plants and form a ‘common mycorrhizal network’. Several studies have shown that these networks can influence plant establishment, nutrition, productivity and defense, nutrient distribution and storage, and multitrophic interactions. However, many of these studies have focused on the importance of common mycorrhizal networks in ecological contexts and there has been less emphasis in managed systems, including croplands, grassland, agroforestry and forestry, on which humankind relies. Here we review the evidence of the potential importance of common mycorrhizal networks in managed systems, and provide insight into how these networks could be managed effectively to maximize the functions and outputs from managed systems. We also emphasize possible negative effects of common mycorrhizal networks on plant performance and question popular views that mycorrhizal networks may offer a panacea for enhancing ecosystem services. We highlight the need to gain greater insight into the ubiquity, functioning, and response to management interventions of common mycorrhizal networks and, critically, the need to determine the extent to which these networks can add value to the promotion of mycorrhizal colonization.

S. Natesan, C. Armenakis, U. Vepakomma

Tree species classification at individual tree level is a challenging problem in forest management. Deep learning, a cutting-edge technology evolved from Artificial Intelligence, was seen to outperform other techniques when it comes to complex problems such as image classification. In this work, we present a novel method to classify forest tree species through high resolution RGB images acquired with a simple consumer grade camera mounted on a UAV platform using Residual Neural Networks. We used UAV RGB images acquired over three years that varied in numerous acquisition parameters such as season, time, illumination and angle to train the neural network. To begin with, we have experimented with limited data towards the identification of two pine species namely red pine and white pine from the rest of the species. We performed two experiments, first with the images from all three acquisition years and the second with images from only one acquisition year. In the first experiment, we obtained 80% classification accuracy when the trained network was tested on a distinct set of images and in the second experiment, we obtained 51% classification accuracy. As a part of this work, a novel dataset of high-resolution labelled tree species is generated that can be used to conduct further studies involving deep neural networks in forestry.

Nilufer YAZICI, Yılmaz ÇATAL

Large water reservoir ponds and dams such as those made for various purposes; It is known that the region changes the climate by affecting the climate factors and provides a different climate structure to the region. Therefore, dams and lakes also affect the growth of trees. Uluborlu dam was chosen as the study area for this effect. This study was carried out in Uluborlu watershed dam located in Isparta-Turkey. Uluborlu dam was established during 1977-1984 and water deposition started in 1985. The purpose of this study was to investigate the local climate effects on diameter increments resulted by Uluborlu Dam Lake on the distributed Black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) forests. Therefore, sampling areas were chosen from two different places namely as dam effect area and control area. Increment cores were taken from 30 Pinus nigra trees using increment borer at breast height (1.30 m) in each sample plots and two increment cores were taken from each tree. Double ocular microscope was used on the measurement and determination of annual diameter increment. Annual diameter increment of trees in dam effect area and control area were compared with independent t test using SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The relationships between annual diameter increment and climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. According to results, there is a statistically significant difference between average annual diameter increment in dam effect area and control area and dam influenced forest areas positively with respect to annual diameter increment. The values of the mean annual diameter increment of the trees in dam effect area are greatly higher than trees in the control area.

Claude Husson

En France métropolitaine, les frênes, dans l’environnement forestier ou non, sont affaiblis depuis une dizaine d’années par une nouvelle maladie épidémique de grande ampleur appelée chalarose. Elle est causée par un champignon pathogène exotique nommé Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (forme anamorphe Chalara fraxinea) introduit en Europe et détecté pour la première fois en France en 2008 dans le nord-est de la France où les premiers flétrissements et mortalités de Frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior) ont été signalés. L’agent pathogène s’est ensuite progressivement dispersé vers l’ouest et le sud, notamment là où le Frêne commun est bien implanté. Dans ce cas de figure, l’interaction hôte-pathogène-environnement du triangle parasitaire est optimale. Chacun de ces trois éléments est décrit ici pour comprendre comment la chalarose est devenue en France une maladie émergente causée par un pathogène invasif.

S.A.M. Goda Goda, M. El-Shakhs, Amira Soliman

The present study was carried out under plastic house conditions at the nursery of Zohria garden, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Cairo, Egypt throughout the two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 to reveal the effect of planting dates (winter, spring, summer and autumn), some rooting promoters at different concentrations i.e. IBA, NAA, 2,4-D, catechol, cinnamic acid and tryptophan (alone or in combination) and their interactions on rooting of hard-to-root ornamental tree Phytolacca dioica.Results revealed thatplanting in spring increased rooting percentage (%) and root length (cm) in both seasons to the highest values. Treating the cuttings with IBA at 4000 ppm + NAA at 4000 ppm formulation resulted in the highest rooting percentage (%) in both seasons. Although there was no clear trend that could be observed from the obtained results, planting cuttings in either spring or autumn in addition to treating with IBA at 4000 ppm + NAA at 4000 ppm formulation increased rooting percentage (%) to the highest values.In conclusion, to achieve a successful vegetative propagation and to induce rooting on cuttings it is recommended to plant the cuttings in either spring or autumn in addition to treating with IBA at 4000 ppm + NAA at 4000 ppm formulation.

Mathilde De Keukeleire, Annie Robert, Victor Luyasu et al.

Abstract Background As forest is the preferred environment for ticks, forestry workers are exposed to tick bites and tick-borne diseases. We assessed the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) antibodies and investigated, using an integrated landscape approach, the individual and environmental factors associated with the seroprevalence of Bb in Belgian forestry workers, a high-risk group in Belgium. Methods A group of 310 Belgian forest workers was examined to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies. Using principal component analysis and binary logistic regression, the joint effects of individual characteristics and environmental characteristics were examined. Results Sixty-seven of the 310 workers were seropositive for Lyme disease (LD), leading to a seroprevalence of 21.6%. The seroprevalence was higher among forest workers visiting forests more frequently (P = 0.003) or who reported over 100 tick bites (P-value < 0.001). The intensity of tick bites and the use of protection measures against tick bites have a positive impact on LD seroprevalence while the quantity of shadow from trees at ground level had a negative one. Conclusions This study showed that forest workers are a population at risk for LD and, by extension, at risk for various tick-borne diseases. In addition to the role of the environment, our results also showed the importance of considering exposure when predicting the risk of infection by Bb.

Cristiane Carla Benin, Luciano Farinha Watzlawick, Éverton Hillig

In this study, it was determined the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus benthamii wood, at the age of six years, in four planting spacings (3x2, 3x3, 3x4, 4x4m). To the evaluation of physical properties, discs were sampled at five positions on the shaft of the tree (0,10 m, 1,30 m, 25%, 50 % and 75 % of total height). In the evaluation of mechanical properties, obtaining timber that were converted to manufacture samples used on the mechanical test, following norms of COPANT. The mechanical properties were analyzed statistically under the effect of spacing and to physical properties too regarding sampling position. The basic density was not influenced by the planting spacing, but was recorded decreasing variation in the values of this property with increasing sampling height. Latter spacings adversely affected the shrinkage in the radial direction (RR) but not the tangential (RT). The RR and RT were also affected by the sampling position. The volumetric shrinkage and the coefficient of anistropy showed a decreasing value with increasing height of the shaft. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR) in static bending, the shear strength and modulus of elasticity in compression were not values influenced by spacing, while the shear and compression stiffness in axial and tangential direction showed some effect of spacing, no clear trend in this variation. It was concluded that different spacings do not directly influence the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalytpus benthamii.

Rongzhi eWang, Yangfang eZhong, Xiaosong eGu et al.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative motile bacterium that inhabits marine and estuarine environments throughout the world, is a major food-borne pathogen that causes life-threatening diseases in humans after the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. The global occurrence of V. parahaemaolyticus accentuates the importance of investigating its virulence factors and their effects on the human host. This review describes the virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus reported to date, including hemolysin, urease, two type III secretion systems (T3SS) and two type VI secretion systems (T6SS), which both cause both cytotoxicity in cultured cells and enterotoxicity in animal models. We describe various types of detection methods, based on virulence factors, that are used for quantitative detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. We also discuss some useful preventive measures and therapeutic strategies for the diseases mediated by V. parahaemolyticus, which can reduce, to some extent, the damage to humans and aquatic animals attributable to V. parahaemolyticus. This review extends our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus mediated by virulence factors and the diseases it causes in its human host. It should provide new insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of V. parahaemolyticus infection.

R. Pettersson, J. P. Ball, Karl-Erik Renhorn et al.

J. Ribot