Mohammad Amin Kuhail, Nazik Alturki, S. Alramlawi
et al.
Chatbots hold the promise of revolutionizing education by engaging learners, personalizing learning activities, supporting educators, and developing deep insight into learners’ behavior. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze the recent evidence-based chatbot-learner interaction design techniques applied in education. This study presents a systematic review of 36 papers to understand, compare, and reflect on recent attempts to utilize chatbots in education using seven dimensions: educational field, platform, design principles, the role of chatbots, interaction styles, evidence, and limitations. The results show that the chatbots were mainly designed on a web platform to teach computer science, language, general education, and a few other fields such as engineering and mathematics. Further, more than half of the chatbots were used as teaching agents, while more than a third were peer agents. Most of the chatbots used a predetermined conversational path, and more than a quarter utilized a personalized learning approach that catered to students’ learning needs, while other chatbots used experiential and collaborative learning besides other design principles. Moreover, more than a third of the chatbots were evaluated with experiments, and the results primarily point to improved learning and subjective satisfaction. Challenges and limitations include inadequate or insufficient dataset training and a lack of reliance on usability heuristics. Future studies should explore the effect of chatbot personality and localization on subjective satisfaction and learning effectiveness.
The OECD’s Brain and Learning project (2002) emphasized that many misconceptions about the brain exist among professionals in the field of education. Though these so-called “neuromyths” are loosely based on scientific facts, they may have adverse effects on educational practice. The present study investigated the prevalence and predictors of neuromyths among teachers in selected regions in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. A large observational survey design was used to assess general knowledge of the brain and neuromyths. The sample comprised 242 primary and secondary school teachers who were interested in the neuroscience of learning. It would be of concern if neuromyths were found in this sample, as these teachers may want to use these incorrect interpretations of neuroscience findings in their teaching practice. Participants completed an online survey containing 32 statements about the brain and its influence on learning, of which 15 were neuromyths. Additional data was collected regarding background variables (e.g., age, sex, school type). Results showed that on average, teachers believed 49% of the neuromyths, particularly myths related to commercialized educational programs. Around 70% of the general knowledge statements were answered correctly. Teachers who read popular science magazines achieved higher scores on general knowledge questions. More general knowledge also predicted an increased belief in neuromyths. These findings suggest that teachers who are enthusiastic about the possible application of neuroscience findings in the classroom find it difficult to distinguish pseudoscience from scientific facts. Possessing greater general knowledge about the brain does not appear to protect teachers from believing in neuromyths. This demonstrates the need for enhanced interdisciplinary communication to reduce such misunderstandings in the future and establish a successful collaboration between neuroscience and education.
This study investigates the role of deictic expressions in the IELTS speaking test, addressing a gap in research on how test-takers across proficiency levels use deixis in spoken language assessment. While previous studies have examined general discourse features in language testing, little attention has been given to the frequency, functions, and distribution of deixis in assessing spoken proficiency. The study analysed a corpus of 30 IELTS speaking test transcripts, covering proficiency levels from low-intermediate to advanced. Using Levinson’s classification of deixis, the study employed quantitative frequency analysis and qualitative discourse analysis to examine variations in the use of personal, temporal, and spatial deixis. The findings revealed that personal deixis was the most frequently used, followed by temporal and spatial deixis. However, the results of One-Way ANOVA test showed no significant differences in deixis usage across proficiency levels. These findings contribute to English language teaching and assessment by highlighting how deixis functions in test-taker discourse, offering insights for IELTS preparation and speaking proficiency evaluation. The study indicates the need for further exploration of discourse features in language assessment.
Serhii Petrukha, Nina Petrukha, Sergii Gasanov
et al.
O estudo analisa a transformação do financiamento da educação e da ciência na Ucrânia, que passou de um modelo soviético de manutenção para um sistema competitivo de subsídios, enfrentando os desafios da guerra. O objetivo é examinar a formação e o desenvolvimento desses mecanismos em tempos de conflito e propor direções para sua adaptação à economia pós-guerra. Metodologicamente, baseia-se em análise sistemática e comparativa de relatórios oficiais, documentos internacionais e dados estatísticos, complementada por cálculos econômicos e análise institucional. Os resultados indicam que a criação da Fundação Nacional de Pesquisa da Ucrânia marcou uma transição decisiva para o modelo competitivo. Mesmo durante a guerra, programas como Ciência para a Reconstrução da Ucrânia e Ciência para a Segurança e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável mantêm o apoio científico. Iniciativas internacionais compensam perdas financeiras e fortalecem a integração global, tornando os subsídios instrumento estratégico de modernização e reconstrução.
Iranian students of Russian often experience problems with phonetics and pronunciation that hinder their listening comprehension. Pronunciation mistakes and native-language interference are the main problems Iranian students have to face while studying Russian. No textbooks in Iran introduce a comparative analysis of Russian and Persian phonetic systems. This research was an attempt to compare the intonation systems of both languages in order to help Iranian students to master Intonation Pattern No.7 and develop their communication skills in the Russian language. Oral speech of 17 Iranian students was processed phonetically and acoustically using PRAAT 6.2.10. This program used pitch and intensity filters to analyze Russian Intonation Pattern No. 7 and visualize speech sounds as graphs. Intonation is a set of prosodic means that segments and structures speech flow in accordance with the message intended. In both languages, intonation patterns convey meaning and express emotions. In this study, native intonation pool prevented the Iranian students from imitating Russian Intonation Pattern No. 7. This comparative acoustic analysis of Russian and Persian intonation systems will help Iranian students to prevent phonetic, rhythmic, and intonation errors in Russian. The results can be used by students, second-language teachers, speech therapists, and communication specialists.
Purpose: This study explores interactive poetry therapy as a method for empathetic reading in holistic, emotional literature education. Design: Five experienced teachers participated in a descriptive case study by attending interactive empathetic reading sessions during in-service education. The participants, inspired by an extract from a novel, wrote personal stories and presented them for group discussions. Methodology: The data, consisting of audio recordings of the dialogues and the researchers’ associated notes, were analysed via thematic content analysis. Three main themes, which are presented under the headings: Story level; narrative meanings; Individual level; emotions relating to storytelling moments; and Communal level; issues of welfare and self-care. Findings: The results indicated that the writers’ personal stories and the group dialogues based on them prompted the participants to reflect on their own experiences and emotions, and prompted them to examine ethically challenging issues in the teaching profession. Originality: The study of empathetic reading in teachers’ in-service education provide more understanding of possibilities for teachers to increase their knowledge of the value of stories and narratives.
Per Fors, Thomas Taro Lennerfors, Jonathan Woodward
This paper aims to outline an approach for case-based chemistry and chemical engineering education for sustainability. Education for Sustainability is assumed to offer a holistic approach to equip students with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes needed to contribute to a more sustainable society in their future careers. While Case-Based Education traditionally focuses on disciplinary learning in simulated settings, it can also effectively teach essential sustainability-related skills like integrated problem-solving, critical thinking, and systems thinking. The approach we propose is “case hacking”, which should be understood as utilizing existing business cases while incorporating supplementary resources to align the assignment with intended learning objectives. This expansion of the cases involves, among other things, introducing additional questions and assignments, perspectives from stakeholders previously unexplored in the original case, and the integration of recent research articles from relevant fields. We advocate for the use of case hacking when educators want to harness the educational benefits of Case-Based Education while emphasizing the complexity of sustainability-related challenges faced by industrial companies today. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate the process of hacking a case related to Green Chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting specific challenges for chemistry and chemical engineering education. We hope this example will inspire educators in these disciplinary contexts to engage with the case hacking approach as they navigate the complex terrain of sustainability.
En el contexto mundial de la pandemia del COVID-19, las enfermeras/os han estado presente en el cuidado de enfermería, por tanto, se ha hecho imprescindible las estrategias de afrontamiento para lidiar con la situación. Esta investigación, identifica las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las enfermeras y los beneficios de dichas estrategias, durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de estudios originales publicados de marzo 2020 a junio de 2022 en idioma español e inglés. Partimos de la pregunta estructurada ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las enfermeras durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y qué beneficios aportaron? La línea de investigación: Práctica en Enfermería. Bases de datos utilizadas, PUBMED, EBSCO Host, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, BVS, SCIELO, MENDELEY y REDALYC. La estrategia que más beneficios aportó a las enfermeras fue la autoeficacia, ya que les permitía evaluar la capacidad con la que contaban para enfrentar los altos niveles de estrés, luego, las centradas en el problema (PFC), centradas en la emoción (EFC) y el desarrollo de la resiliencia.
The research described in this article focuses on determining the effectiveness of Bongo in promoting student retention of concepts in online learning. This study used both quantitative and qualitative measures to examine the effectiveness of student video presentation assignments on student retention of learning and perceptions of the assignment’s contributions to learning. The quantitative methods compared the effects of three treatment conditions (independent reading, Bongo video presentation, and Bongo video presentation with Auto Analysis) on retention of concepts (quizzes administered two weeks after the presentation recordings). Qualitative analysis of student perceptions of the perceived value of Bongo in general, and specifically the Auto Analysis tool, were accomplished through video surveys, transcription, and analysis. Analysis of the data provided strong support for the use of Bongo to increase student retention of concepts, and also revealed that students held favorable perceptions of the value and utility of the tool.
In this column, I reflect on my experiences teaching online during lockdown. In particular, I discuss the benefits and disadvantages of prerecorded lessons, when compared with live Zoom sessions, for elementary general music classes.
The aims of this study is to find out TEYL students’ perception and experience in using Cartoon Story Maker and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners and to identify their obstacles and problems in using those applications. This qualitative study has been conducted in a TEYL class in one English Department in West Java. The sample of the study consisted of thirty students. Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection techniques in this study. The questionnaires were used to collect evidence from students about their experience and perception towards the use of CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners. The questionnaires used in this study focus on exploring students’ experience and perception toward the use CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners, whereas interview was used to explored more the data about obstacles faced by the students in using CSM and Comic Life. The data collected from the respondents were gathered together to be analyzed using qualitative analysis of interactive models. The results of this study are TEYL students have positive perception toward the use of CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners, CSM is easier and more suitable to use than Comic Life in creating story for young learners, and the obstacles faced by students are choosing appropriate template for young learners, writing text in text tool or bubble, and record the voice in audio bubble.
Francesca Alessio, Chiara de Fabritiis, Agnese Ilaria Telloni
This study concerns the design and implementation of a STEM literacy program for 11th to 13th-grade high achieving students, mainly females. The program, funded by the Italian Ministry of Equal Opportunities, aims at reducing the gender gap in the STEM disciplines and at orienting students towards university studies. We carried out a qualitative analysis of the students' perception in terms of (1) a-priori expectations about the STEM literacy program and (2) a-posteriori thoughts and reflections about the attended course. Our analysis shows that students aspiring to participate had strong motivations with respect to the program; moreover, most students who participated in the program displayed satisfaction and an increase of awareness about their learning. We put a specific focus on the mathematical sessions of the curriculum, involving students as designers of educational resources. Some differences between male and female students arose for what concerns the perception of the program and the awareness of the impact of the STEM literacy program on their own learning.
Abstract This study aimed to use artificial intelligence to determine whether biological and psychosocial factors, such as stress, socioeconomic status, and working conditions, were major risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Data were retrieved from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2009), with information concerning 4744 participants’ TMDs, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, working conditions, and health-related determinants. Based on variable importance observed from the random forest, the top 20 determinants of self-reported TMDs were body mass index (BMI), household income (monthly), sleep (daily), obesity (subjective), health (subjective), working conditions (control, hygiene, respect, risks, and workload), occupation, education, region (metropolitan), residence type (apartment), stress, smoking status, marital status, and sex. The top 20 determinants of temporomandibular disorders determined via a doctor’s diagnosis were BMI, age, household income (monthly), sleep (daily), obesity (subjective), working conditions (control, hygiene, risks, and workload), household income (subjective), subjective health, education, smoking status, residence type (apartment), region (metropolitan), sex, marital status, and allergic rhinitis. This study supports the hypothesis, highlighting the importance of obesity, general health, stress, socioeconomic status, and working conditions in the management of TMDs.
Biochemistry is a study which consists of many difficult concepts. Research that examines biochemistry learning needs to be continuously carried out so that the quality of learning can be evaluated and improved. Hence, this content analysis addressed to analyze the research methodologies of the articles published in various Indonesian biology education journals. The focus of the articles studied was biochemistry learning in Indonesia. To go further, the articles must be published between 2000 and 2020. The findings of this study informed that during the last two decades, the research publications which examined biochemistry learning have rarely been carried out. From those publications, quantitative research was the research type used the most. In addition, postgraduate student was the most frequently chosen as the research subject. Furthermore, questionnaire sheet was the highest preference of data collection instrument used. Meanwhile, the highest frequency of data analysis methods used were percentage and N-gain calculation. The low number of publications and the lack of research methodology diversity need to be more seriously considered by increasing the number of studies examining biochemistry learning in Indonesia.