Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

Miguel Alves Pereira

This article proposes predictive economics as a distinct analytical perspective within economics, grounded in machine learning and centred on predictive accuracy rather than causal identification. Drawing on the instrumentalist tradition (Friedman), the explanation-prediction divide (Shmueli), and the contrast between modelling cultures (Breiman), we formalise prediction as a valid epistemological and methodological objective. Reviewing recent applications across economic subfields, we show how predictive models contribute to empirical analysis, particularly in complex or data-rich contexts. This perspective complements existing approaches and supports a more pluralistic methodology - one that values out-of-sample performance alongside interpretability and theoretical structure.

Vitalii Vakulenko, Denys Smetan

У статті досліджено перспективні напрямки управління виробничими процесами сільськогосподарських підприємств з використанням блокчейн технологій в умовах забезпечення продовольчої безпеки. Визначено важливість блокчейн децентралізованої бази даних при зборі інформації при поставках виробників продуктів харчування, уточнено п’ять основних характеристик. Деталізовано способи використання блокчейн технологій. Представлено переваги від блокчейну з точки зору економії витрат задля більшої ефективності в існуючих процесах виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції. Уточнено чотири етапи реалізації блок-ланцюга в сільськогосподарських організаціях. Визначено основні переваги технології Blockchain: обмін продукцією без посередництва третьої сторони, безпека і надійність здійснюваних операцій, висока якість даних, робота з кваліфікованими користувачами, цілісність процесу, прозорість і незмінність системи, спрощена система обліку, ефективні транзакції.

Roy Joshua, Pablo Pelaez

In this paper we consider the K-theory of smooth algebraic stacks, establish lambda and gamma operations, and show that the higher K-theory of such stacks is always a pre-lambda-ring, and is a lambda-ring if every coherent sheaf is the quotient of a vector bundle. As a consequence, we are able to define Adams operations and absolute cohomology for smooth algebraic stacks satisfying this hypothesis. We also obtain a comparison of the absolute cohomology with the equivariant higher Chow groups in certain special cases.

Yuta Kozakai, Cindy Tsang

According to Letourmy and Vendramin, a representation of a skew brace is a pair of representations on the same vector space, one for the additive group and the other for the multiplicative group, that satisfies a certain compatibility condition. Following their definition, we shall explain how some of the results from representation theory of groups, such as Maschke's theorem and Clifford's theorem, extend naturally to that of skew braces. We shall also give some concrete examples to illustrate that skew brace representations are more difficult to classify than group representations.

Eriko Shigetsugu, Hiroki Sakaji, Itsuki Noda

In this paper, we design indices of economic fluctuation narratives derived from economic surveys. Companies, governments, and investors rely on key metrics like GDP and industrial production indices to predict economic trends. However, they have yet to effectively leverage the wealth of information contained in economic text, such as causal relationships, in their economic forecasting. Therefore, we design indices of economic fluctuation from economic surveys by using our previously proposed narrative framework. From the evaluation results, it is observed that the proposed indices had a stronger correlation with cumulative lagging diffusion index than other types of diffusion indices.

Kirtika Goyal, Satish Kumar, Jingfei Xiao

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the current state of research on Personal Financial Management Behavior (PFMB), with a prime focus on its antecedents and the consequences. By analyzing the research trends, methods, determinants and outcomes, the PFMB literature is synthesized, and agenda for future research is suggested. A framework is presented that portrays PFMB's antecedents and consequences and further specification of the mediation and moderation linkages.Design/methodology/approachThe review is based on 160 articles published during 1970–2020. It follows a systematic approach and presents the definitions and theories of PFMB, publication trends based on time, region, sample population, research designs, data collection and analysis techniques, along with antecedents and outcomes through content analysis.FindingsThe synthesis draws upon various factors affecting PFMB, such as demographics, socio-economic, psychological, social, cultural, financial experience, financial literacy (FL) and technological factors. The prominent outcomes of PFMB include financial satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, quality of life, financial success, happiness, financial vulnerability/resilience and financial well-being. The future research agenda sums up the recommendations in the form of research questions on variables and their linkages, followed by methodological advancements.Originality/valueThis paper covers the scholarly work done in this area in the past 51 years. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to offer a most comprehensive and collective scholarship of this subject. It further gives an extensive future research agenda.

Олександр Храпкін, Олена Кіндрат, Ратібор Чопей

Управління ІТ-проєктами ускладнюється стрімким розвитком нових технологій та постійним підвищенням вимог до актуальності та якості продуктів, що створюються в результаті. Стаття присвячена проблемам проєктного управління у сучасних IT-компаніях та напрямам удосконалення управління проєктами. Відзначено, що кожна IT-компанія унікальна і має свої особливості, а значить, для кожної компанії може знадобитися індивідуальний підхід до проєктного управління. У ході управління ІТ-проєктом, вирішення потребують такі питання: дедлайни, обмеження бюджету або недоліки людей, які можуть бути залучені до проєкту, керівник стикається з постійною необхідністю вирішення неординарних технологічних питань, пов'язаних з різними технічними засобами, ПЗ, операційною системою, труднощами з базами даних. Оскільки управляти ІТ-проєктами найскладніше, розглянуто низку загальних принципів, що дозволяють полегшити та спростити роботу з ними. Проаналізовано та систематизовано методологічні засади управління ІТ-проєктами, а також відзначено роль новації, яка почала застосовуватися нещодавно – штучний інтелект.

Kevin Ivander Budiono, Auditia Setiobudi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, price consciousness, status consumption, dan inovasi produk terhadap minat beli produk T’Nuners. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah followers Instagram T’Nuners yang diambil sampel sebanyak 91 responden dengan teknik non probability sampling. Penyebaran kuesioner melalui google form dengan jumlah item pernyataan sebanyak 22. Skala pengukuran pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert dengan kisaran 1 sampai 4. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda yang diolah dengan bantuan software SPSS version 26 for Windows. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah kualitas produk (X1), price consciousness (X2), status consumption (X3), dan inovasi produk (X4). Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah minat beli (Y). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk, price consciousness, status consumption, dan inovasi produk berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap minat beli. Variabel kualitas produk dan status consumption tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli, sedangkan variabel price consciousness dan inovasi produk berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli.

Bronson Mutanda, Maireva Chrispen

The advent of digital financial technology left the business community and its clients celebrating convenient ways of online shopping, paying bills and money transfers. However, digital banking technology came with its share of challenges, due to highly digitalised economies in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, cyber fraudsters are increasingly targeting and leveraging on financial market infrastructures. Cyber security of banking institutions and the financial systems across the globe remains a major concern of Central Banks, investors, internal auditors and financial risk managers. The purpose of this research paper was to examine the efficacy of cyber fraud prevention measures used by commercial banks in Zimbabwe. The study also looked into the difficulties encountered in managing cyber-fraud. Results indicate that cyber fraud risk management strategies adopted by Commercial banks are partly effective which indicates existence of opportunities for cyber fraudsters to attacks and get away with it at the expense of clients, banks and the financial system as a whole. Results also indicate that Commercial banks are facing quite a number of challenges which include the following: lack of sophisticated systems, cyber attackers are always ahead, some of the clients do not take awareness messages send to them seriously, some clients share passwords and credit cards and lack of enough education and knowhow of employees. The study therefore concludes that, cyber fraud risk management strategies adopted by Commercial banks are partly effective. Monetary and fiscal authorities need to continue monitoring Commercial banks with regard to implementation of cyber security risk based supervision framework.

Tao Huang, Heng Xie

We provide a geometric interpretation for the connecting homomorphism in the localization sequence of Hermitian $K$-theory. As an application, we compute the Hermitian $K$-theory of projective bundles and Grassmannians in the regular case. We provide an explicit basis for Hermitian $K$-theory of Grassmannians, which is indexed by even Young diagrams together with another special class of Young diagrams, that we call $\textit{buffalo-check}$ Young diagrams. To achieve this, we develop pushforwards and pullbacks in Hermitian $K$-theory using Grothendieck's residue complexes, and we establish fundamental theorems for those pushforwards and pullbacks, including base change, projection, and excess intersection formulas.

Luis J. Garay, Gerardo García-Moreno

Unimodular Gravity is a theory displaying Weyl rescalings of the metric and transverse (volume-preserving) diffeomorphisms as gauge symmetries, as opposed to the full set of diffeomorphisms displayed by General Relativity. Recently, we presented a systematic comparison of both theories, concluding that both of them are equivalent in everything but the behaviour of the cosmological constant under radiative corrections. A careful study of how Unimodular Gravity can be embedded in the string theory framework has not been provided yet and was not analyzed there in detail. In this article, we provide such an explicit analysis, filling the gap in the literature. We restrict ourselves to the unoriented bosonic string theory in critical dimension for the sake of simplicity, although we argue that no differences are expected for other string theories. Our conclusions are that both a Diff and a WTDiff invariance principle are equally valid for describing the massless excitations of the string spectrum.

Qianwen Li, R. Long, Hong Chen

César A. Hidalgo

In recent years economic complexity has grown into an active field of fundamental and applied research. Yet, despite important advances, the policy implications of economic complexity remain unclear or misunderstood. Here I organize the policy implications of economic complexity in a framework grounded on 4 Ws: what approaches, focused on identifying target activities and/or locations; when approaches, focused on timing support for related and unrelated activities; where approaches, focused on the geographic diffusion of knowledge; and who approaches, focused on the role played by agents of structural change. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework that groups, organizes, and clarifies the policy implications of economic complexity to facilitate its continued use in regional and international development.

Kuźmicki Marek, Borysiuk Magdalena

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper is to identify the professional expectations of students of Economics at the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. The paper presents also respondents’ opinions on particularly desirable values of potential employers.

Ivan Vujović, Željko Đurišić

Trendovi centralizacije telekomunikacione i računarske opreme radi postizanja ekonomskih benefita, odnosno implementacije tehnoloških inovacija i novih tehničkih rešenja dovode do potrebe izgradnje sve većih Data Centara (DC-a). Povećanje veličine objekta DC-a, odnosno broja rekova sa opremom koji se implementiraju unutar DC-a, kao i broja uređaja koji omogućavaju pravilnu funkcionalnost te opreme, prati neminovno povećanje potrebne količine električne energije za napajanje. Za DC-e koji zahtijevaju veliku količinu električne energije isplativa je izgradnja sopstvenih, obično obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE). Tada su OIE primarni, a ElektroEnergetski Sistem (EES) služi kao sekundarni i redundantni izvor napajanja. U radu je predstavljena ideja za realizaciju DC-a koji se, preko EES-a, primarno napaja iz OIE. Generisana električna energija iz OIE se prenosi u EES upotrebom razvodnih postrojenja (RP-a) visokog napona, a DC napaja iz EES-a preko RP-a niskog, srednjeg i visokog napona. Za realizaciju jednog takvog objekta potrebno je obezbijediti adekvatne uslove koji se odnose na geografsku poziciju, dostupnost lokacije sa stanovišta pristupa, kao i mogućnosti elektroenergetskog, odnosno telekomunika-cionog povezivanja. Na osnovu sprovedenih istraživanja potencijala OIE, raspoložive putne, elektroenergetske i telekomunikacione infrastrukture, u ovom radu su analizirani uslovi razvoja DC-a na lokaciji kod Beograda i to u blizini Transformatorske Stanice (TS) „Beograd 20“. Predloženo rešenje, sa aspekta napajanja DC-a, uključuje izgradnju vjetroelektrane, solarne elektrane i elektrane na deponijski gas, kao i pratećih RP-a. Predviđeno je telekomunikaciono povezivanje objekta sa mrežom EES-a i drugim važnim telekomunikacionim centrima. Ove konekcije se ostvaruju preko optičkih kablova, postavljenih uz elektroenergetske vodove i kablove, a gdje to nije moguće, postavljene samostalno. Prikazan je dizajn unutrašnjosti DC-a i urađeni proračuni potrebne količine električne energije za napajanje opreme i uređaja u objektu. Na osnovu toga je izvršen proračun potrebnog kapaciteta OIE, kao i proračun pripadajućih RP-a. Dato je i rešenje optičkog povezivanja unutar objekta DC-a. Na kraju rada izvršena je uopštena procjena investicionih i ekonomskih aspekata izgradnje ovakvog DC-a.

N. Savina, N. Pozniakovskа, O. Miklukha

Abstract. The project of the International Accounting Standards Board that updates and develops international accounting standards (IASB) has been lasting more than twenty years. In Ukraine, International accounting standards were adopted as the national standards for business and public sectors. The article analyzes the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting for the business sector entities, compares it with the Conceptual Framework for financial reporting for the public sector entities, and the current requirements of the Ukrainian legislation in the field of accounting and financial reporting. The necessity of creating a single Conceptual Framework for financial reporting, based the needs of information users, is substantiated. The relevant International Standards for the business sector entities became fundamental for the development of International Public Sector Accounting Standards. The similar needs of financial reports users support this approach. At the same time, part of the IPSAS, and the Conceptual Framework take into account the functional peculiarities of the entities in this sector of the economy. Financial reporting concepts for entities in any sector of the economy determine the aim of financial reporting as that to acquire information concerning the entity. Investors, creditors, other lenders are prior users of financial information in the business sector while society as a whole uses information in the public sector. The Conceptual Framework for the public sector takes into account the peculiarity of this sector of the economy, the main purpose of which is to provide services to society, rather than generating profits and ensuring the return on capital of investors. The common features of financial reporting standards and their Conceptual Framework, taking into account current trends and global challenges, indicate the possibility and feasibility of creating a unified (integrated) Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Keywords: the Conceptual framework for financial reporting, International Financial Reporting Standards for the entrepreneurial sector, International Public Sector Accounting Standards, National Accounting Statements (Standards). JEL Classification M41 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

Niles Johnson, Donald Yau

We show that Mandell's inverse $K$-theory functor is a categorically-enriched non-symmetric multifunctor. In particular, it preserves algebraic structures parametrized by non-symmetric operads. As applications, we describe how ring categories arise as the images of inverse $K$-theory.

Max Lieblich, Martin Olsson

We show that the deformation theory of a perfect complex and that of its determinant are related by the trace map, in a general setting of sheaves on a site. The key technical step, in passing from the setting of modules over a ring where one has global resolutions to the general setting, is achieved using $K$-theory and higher category theory.

Andrew N. Mangham

This chapter focuses on Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton (1848), North and South (1854–5), and Sylvia’s Lovers (1863). These works confirm Kingsley’s suspicion that a material view of starvation—and poverty more generally—offers a reasonable and reasoning interpretation of the Condition-of-England question. Starvation, or ‘clemming’, as it was known among the industrial working classes, refuses to be integrated, in Gaskell’s fictional world, into a catch-all economic or demographic theory. Instead, it is a phenomenon that paradoxically demands confrontation while evading perception through the anatomies of the workers and their surroundings. In line with the interlinking findings of biological scientists and Unitarian thinkers, Gaskell broaches the intricate questions of reform by recasting them as flesh-and-blood issues experienced through the eyes of her heroines; her novels thus ask for the sort of careful consideration advocated by science, whereby the strengths and weaknesses of subjective interpretation are tested and interpreted through the material.