Hasil untuk "Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs"

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arXiv Open Access 2025
Predicting Blood Type: Assessing Model Performance with ROC Analysis

Malik A. Altayar, Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh, Mowafaq Salem Alzboon et al.

Introduction: Personal identification is a critical aspect of forensic sciences, security, and healthcare. While conventional biometrics systems such as DNA profiling and iris scanning offer high accuracy, they are time-consuming and costly. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between fingerprint patterns and ABO blood group classification to explore potential correlations between these two traits. Methods: The study analyzed 200 individuals, categorizing their fingerprints into three types: loops, whorls, and arches. Blood group classification was also recorded. Statistical analysis, including chi-square and Pearson correlation tests, was used to assess associations between fingerprint patterns and blood groups. Results: Loops were the most common fingerprint pattern, while blood group O+ was the most prevalent among the participants. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between fingerprint patterns and blood groups (p > 0.05), suggesting that these traits are independent. Conclusions: Although the study showed limited correlation between fingerprint patterns and ABO blood groups, it highlights the importance of future research using larger and more diverse populations, incorporating machine learning approaches, and integrating multiple biometric signals. This study contributes to forensic science by emphasizing the need for rigorous protocols and comprehensive investigations in personal identification.

en cs.LG, cs.AI
arXiv Open Access 2025
Magnetorheological Characterization of Blood Analogues Seeded with Paramagnetic Particles

R. Rodrigues, F. J. Galindo-Rosales, L. Campo-Deaño

Magnetic particle under external fields can be useful in various medical applications, gaining access to the whole body if deployed in the bloodstream. Localised drug delivery, haemorrhage control, and cancer treatment are among the applications that have the potential to become revolutionary therapies. Despite this interest, a magnetorheological characterisation of particle-seeded blood has yet to be achieved. In this work, we evaluate the magnetorheological response of blood analogues seeded with paramagnetic particles in different concentrations, under the effects of a uniform, density-varying magnetic field. Through steady shear experiments, we encounter the usual magnetically-induced shear thinning response, and oscillatory shear results point toward significant alterations in the fluids' microstructure. However, experimental limitations make it difficult to accurately evaluate the oscillatory shear response of such rheologically subtle fluids, limiting both the quality and quantity of achievable information. Despite experimental limitations, our results demonstrate that magnetic fields can induce marked and quantifiable rheological changes in seeded blood analogues. The framework established here provides a foundation for future studies on real blood samples and for the design of magnetically responsive biomedical systems.

en physics.flu-dyn
arXiv Open Access 2025
Blood Glucose Level Prediction in Type 1 Diabetes Using Machine Learning

Soon Jynn Chu, Nalaka Amarasiri, Sandesh Giri et al.

Type 1 Diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. Insulin helps glucose in your blood enter your muscle, fat, and liver cells so they can use it for energy or store it for later use. If insulin is insufficient, it causes sugar to build up in the blood and leads to serious health problems. People with Type 1 Diabetes need synthetic insulin every day. In diabetes management, continuous glucose monitoring is an important feature that provides near real-time blood glucose data. It is useful in deciding the synthetic insulin dose. In this research work, we used machine learning tools, deep neural networks, deep reinforcement learning, and voting and stacking regressors to predict blood glucose levels at 30-min time intervals using the latest DiaTrend dataset. Predicting blood glucose levels is useful in better diabetes management systems. The trained models were compared using several evaluation metrics. Our evaluation results demonstrate the performance of various models across different glycemic conditions for blood glucose prediction. The source codes of this work can be found in: https://github.com/soon-jynn-chu/t1d_bg_prediction

en q-bio.QM, cs.LG
DOAJ Open Access 2025
The diagnosis and testing of immune hemolytic anemia induced by ceftizoxime sodium drug-dependent antibodies

WANG Jing, XIE Yangyi, JIN Sha et al.

[Objective] To explore the laboratory testing methods and clinical management strategies for immune hemolytic anemia induced by Ceftizoxime sodium drug-dependent antibodies. [Methods] Patient blood samples were subjected to blood typing, direct antiglobulin test, and unexpected antibody identification. Ceftizoxime sodium drug-dependent antibodies were detected using the immune complex method and drug-sensitized red cell method. The properties and titers of the drug antibodies were further assessed. Flow cytometry was used to assess the complement activation capacity of the drug antibodies in vitro. [Results] Direct antiglobulin tests (IgG and C3d) were positive. Ceftizoxime sodium drug-dependent antibodies were identified using both the immune complex method and the sensitized red cell method, their titers significantly increased following the addition of the drug. Flow cytometry confirmed the complement activation capability of these antibodies and identified 30 minutes as the optimal time for activation in vitro. The patient's condition improved rapidly after drug withdrawal and supportive transfusion, resulting in a favorable outcome. [Conclusion] Ceftizoxime sodium can cause drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia via complement activation mediated by drug-dependent antibodies. Serological testing is essential for diagnosing drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Clinicians should be vigilant for this adverse reaction. The offending drug must be promptly discontinued, and supportive care should be initiated upon the onset of symptoms.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, Medicine
arXiv Open Access 2024
Hyperelasticity of Blood Clots: Bridging the Gap between Microscopic and Continuum Scales

Nicholas Filla, Beikang Gu, Jixin Hou et al.

The biomechanical properties of blood clots, which are dictated by their compositions and micro-structures, play a critical role in determining their fates, occlusion, persistency, or embolization in the human circulatory system. While numerous constitutive models have emerged to describe the biomechanics of blood clots, the majority of these models have primarily focused on the macroscopic deformation of the clots and the resultant strain-stress correlations without depicting the microscopic contributions from their structural components, such as fibrin fibers, fibrin network and red blood cells. This work addresses the gap in current scientific understanding by quantifying how changes in the microstructure of blood clots affect its mechanical responses under different external stresses. We leverage our previous published work to develop a hyperelastic potential model for blood clots, which incorporates six distinct strain-energy components to describe the alignment of fibers, the entropic and enthalpic stretching of fibrin fibers, the buckling of these fibers, clot densification, and clot jamming.These strain-energy components are represented by a combination of simple harmonic oscillators, one-sided harmonic potentials, and a Gaussian potential. The proposed model, which is C0, C1, and C2 continuous with a total of 13 parameters, has been validated against three data sets: fibrin clot in tension, blood clot in compression, and blood clots in shear, demonstrating its robustness. Subsequent simulations of a microscopic blood clot model are performed to uncover mechanistic correlations for a majority of the hyperelastic potential's stiffness/strain parameters. Our results show that only one proposed term concerning fiber buckling needs further refinement, while the remaining five strain-energy terms appear to describe precisely what they were intended to.

en physics.bio-ph, physics.med-ph
arXiv Open Access 2024
Transforming Blood Cell Detection and Classification with Advanced Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Study

Shilpa Choudhary, Sandeep Kumar, Pammi Sri Siddhaarth et al.

Efficient detection and classification of blood cells are vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of blood disorders. This study utilizes a YOLOv10 model trained on Roboflow data with images resized to 640x640 pixels across varying epochs. The results show that increased training epochs significantly enhance accuracy, precision, and recall, particularly in real-time blood cell detection & classification. The YOLOv10 model outperforms MobileNetV2, ShuffleNetV2, and DarkNet in real-time performance, though MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNetV2 are more computationally efficient, and DarkNet excels in feature extraction for blood cell classification. This research highlights the potential of integrating deep learning models like YOLOv10, MobileNetV2, ShuffleNetV2, and DarkNet into clinical workflows, promising improvements in diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, a new, well-annotated blood cell dataset was created and will be open-sourced to support further advancements in automatic blood cell detection and classification. The findings demonstrate the transformative impact of these models in revolutionizing medical diagnostics and enhancing blood disorder management

en eess.IV, cs.CV
arXiv Open Access 2024
Leveraging Large Language Models for Analyzing Blood Pressure Variations Across Biological Sex from Scientific Literature

Yuting Guo, Seyedeh Somayyeh Mousavi, Reza Sameni et al.

Hypertension, defined as blood pressure (BP) that is above normal, holds paramount significance in the realm of public health, as it serves as a critical precursor to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and significantly contributes to elevated mortality rates worldwide. However, many existing BP measurement technologies and standards might be biased because they do not consider clinical outcomes, comorbidities, or demographic factors, making them inconclusive for diagnostic purposes. There is limited data-driven research focused on studying the variance in BP measurements across these variables. In this work, we employed GPT-35-turbo, a large language model (LLM), to automatically extract the mean and standard deviation values of BP for both males and females from a dataset comprising 25 million abstracts sourced from PubMed. 993 article abstracts met our predefined inclusion criteria (i.e., presence of references to blood pressure, units of blood pressure such as mmHg, and mention of biological sex). Based on the automatically-extracted information from these articles, we conducted an analysis of the variations of BP values across biological sex. Our results showed the viability of utilizing LLMs to study the BP variations across different demographic factors.

en cs.CL, cs.AI
arXiv Open Access 2024
BP-DeepONet: A new method for cuffless blood pressure estimation using the physcis-informed DeepONet

Lingfeng Li, Xue-Cheng Tai, Raymond Chan

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with blood pressure serving as a crucial indicator. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms provide continuous pressure measurements throughout the cardiac cycle and offer valuable diagnostic insights. Consequently, there is a significant demand for non-invasive and cuff-less methods to measure ABP waveforms continuously. Accurate prediction of ABP waveforms can also improve the estimation of mean blood pressure, an essential cardiovascular health characteristic. This study proposes a novel framework based on the physics-informed DeepONet approach to predict ABP waveforms. Unlike previous methods, our approach requires the predicted ABP waveforms to satisfy the Navier-Stokes equation with a time-periodic condition and a Windkessel boundary condition. Notably, our framework is the first to predict ABP waveforms continuously, both with location and time, within the part of the artery that is being simulated. Furthermore, our method only requires ground truth data at the outlet boundary and can handle periodic conditions with varying periods. Incorporating the Windkessel boundary condition in our solution allows for generating natural physical reflection waves, which closely resemble measurements observed in real-world cases. Moreover, accurately estimating the hyper-parameters in the Navier-Stokes equation for our simulations poses a significant challenge. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce the concept of meta-learning, enabling the neural networks to learn these parameters during the training process.

en cs.LG, physics.med-ph
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Successful treatment of two cases with Philadelphia-chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and the treatments with novel immunotherapies and ponatinib

Takayoshi Tachibana, Masatsugu Tanaka, Yuma Noguchi et al.

The outcomes of relapsed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) resistant to new drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) and blinatumomab are dismal. We treated two cases of Ph+ALL resistant to these drugs that achieved long-term survival after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy or a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) with a sequential conditioning regimen. Case 1: A 15-year-old boy was diagnosed with Ph+ALL. Despite the second HCT after the treatment of ponatinib and blinatumomab, hematological relapse occurred. InO was ineffective and he was transferred to a CAR-T center. After the CAR-T cell therapy, negative measurable residual disease (MRD) was achieved and maintained for 38 months without maintenance therapy. Case 2: A 21-year-old man was diagnosed with Ph+ALL. Hematological relapse occurred after the first HCT. Despite of the treatment with InO, ponatinib, and blinatumomab, hematological remission was not achieved. The second HCT was performed using a sequential conditioning regimen with clofarabine. Negative MRD was subsequently achieved and maintained for 42 months without maintenance therapy. These strategies are suggestive and helpful to treat Ph+ALL resistant to multiple immunotherapies.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
arXiv Open Access 2023
Rapid model-guided design of organ-scale synthetic vasculature for biomanufacturing

Zachary A. Sexton, Andrew R. Hudson, Jessica E. Herrmann et al.

Our ability to produce human-scale bio-manufactured organs is critically limited by the need for vascularization and perfusion. For tissues of variable size and shape, including arbitrarily complex geometries, designing and printing vasculature capable of adequate perfusion has posed a major hurdle. Here, we introduce a model-driven design pipeline combining accelerated optimization methods for fast synthetic vascular tree generation and computational hemodynamics models. We demonstrate rapid generation, simulation, and 3D printing of synthetic vasculature in complex geometries, from small tissue constructs to organ scale networks. We introduce key algorithmic advances that all together accelerate synthetic vascular generation by more than 230-fold compared to standard methods and enable their use in arbitrarily complex shapes through localized implicit functions. Furthermore, we provide techniques for joining vascular trees into watertight networks suitable for hemodynamic CFD and 3D fabrication. We demonstrate that organ-scale vascular network models can be generated in silico within minutes and can be used to perfuse engineered and anatomic models including a bioreactor, annulus, bi-ventricular heart, and gyrus. We further show that this flexible pipeline can be applied to two common modes of bioprinting with free-form reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels and writing into soft matter. Our synthetic vascular tree generation pipeline enables rapid, scalable vascular model generation and fluid analysis for bio-manufactured tissues necessary for future scale up and production.

en q-bio.TO
DOAJ Open Access 2023
PERFIL DE MICROVESÍCULAS CIRCULANTES PROVENIENTES DE LINFÓCITOS EM PACIENTES COM TROMBOCITEMIA ESSENCIAL EM USO DE HIDROXIUREIA ATENDIDOS NA FUNDAÇÃO HOSPITALAR DE HEMATOLOGIA E HEMOTERAPIA DO AMAZONAS

EVB Alves, DG Torres, MA Sousa et al.

A trombocitemia essencial é uma neoplasia mieloproliferativa onde ocorre a proliferação exacerbada de megacariócitos e trombocitose no sangue periférico. A hidroxiureia é um citorredutor indicado como tratamento de primeira linha para essa patologia. As microvesículas (MVs) são liberadas por diversos tipos de células e atuam no transporte de cargas capazes de alterar o fenótipo e comportamento das células, na sinalização intercelular, na evasão imune e na modulação do microambiente, favorecendo processos inflamatórios e trombóticos. Objetivo: Neste estudo investigamos caracterizar o perfil das microvesículas circulantes provenientes de linfócitos em pacientes com diagnóstico de trombocitemia essencial que estão fazendo uso de hidroxiureia. Materiais e métodos: Foram incluídos 76 indivíduos no grupo de estudo, sendo 38 pacientes com diagnostico confirmado de trombocitemia essencial e 38 indivíduos para o grupo controle. As análises das amostras foram realizadas por citometria de fluxo. Resultados: O grupo com TE apresentou o maior número de MVs totais e dos marcadores: CD3, CD19 e CD56 quando comparados com os indivíduos controles. Os pacientes com a variante genética JAK2V617F+ possuíam uma população menor de MVs CD3 do que os pacientes sem essa variante. Também foi possível observar uma diminuição de MVs CD19 com o aumento do tempo de tratamento. Discussão: A presença de populações de MVs derivadas de células do sistema imune, podem ser explicadas pela atuação dessas células na fisiopatologia da TE ao liberar citocinas que promovem o estado inflamatório dos pacientes. A diminuição das MVs CD3 em pacientes JAK2V617F+ pode estar associada a modulação da resposta imunológica. Estudos anteriores observaram que pacientes diagnosticados com TE tratados com Hidroxiureia demostram uma melhora continua com o tratamento, tanto clinicamente com a diminuição da incidência de eventos trombóticos, como também a diminuição significativa da carga alélica da variante JAK2V617F, dessa forma o tratamento a longo prazo com a hidroxiureia leva a diminuição de diversos processos patológicos da doença. Conclusão: Nosso estudo comprovou que diversas populações de MVs podem estar envolvidas na patogênese da TE e que mesmo após o tratamento o nível de MVs circulantes provenientes de linfócitos continua elevado. Essas populações de MVs contribuem de forma direta ou indireta para a progressão dessa neoplasia, como por exemplo, favorecendo a coagulação e/ou inflamação e modulando a resposta imunológica. Também foi possível encontrar uma associação entre a diminuição do número total de MVs com o aumento do tempo de tratamento.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
DOAJ Open Access 2023
RELATO DE CASO: PACIENTE COM LINFOMA FOLICULAR E AS COMPLICAÇÕES IMUNO-HEMATOLÓGICAS FRENTE A ANTICORPOS DE ESPECIFICIDADE NÃO DETERMINADA

JVR Oliveira, MAC Sartori, MVA Azevedo et al.

Introdução/objetivo: Até o momento, são conhecidos, na literatura médica, 354 antígenos sanguíneos agrupados em 44 sistemas de grupos sanguíneos, mostrando o risco de aloimunização com as transfusões. Os testes imunohematológicos tendem a aumentar a sensibilidade para detectar níveis baixos de anticorpos, mas podem perder a especificidade dos mesmos. Neste contexto, trazemos o relato de caso de uma paciente com linfoma folicular e presença de anticorpos de especificidade não determinada (AUS). Material e métodos: Dados obtidos através da revisão de prontuário de um paciente do Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo (ICESP) em 2022 e através dos dados do setor de imuno-hematologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP). Resultados: Paciente, do sexo feminino, 78 anos, encaminhada ao ICESP de outro hospital após ser diagnosticada com anemia de padrão hemolítico e presença de adenomegalias axilares à esquerda, torácicas, abdominais, de formação nodular em mama esquerda e de esplenomegalia volumosa documentadas em exame de imagem. Pela hipótese de autoimunidade, foi iniciado corticoide e imunoglobulina. À admissão no ICESP, paciente relatava quadro de sudorese noturna e anorexia de 6 meses de evolução. Realizada biópsia de lesão na mama, com resultado compatível com linfoma folicular. O laboratório do ICESP evidenciava piora da anemia, sendo solicitado ao serviço de hemoterapia 01 concentrado de hemácias. Como testes pré transfusionais são realizados, tipagem ABO/RhD e Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (PAI) foram feitas. Os exames imuno-hematológicos demonstraram PAI e Teste Direto da Antiglobulina Humana (TAD) positivos, Eluato negativo e, na identificação de anticorpos irregulares, não foi possível concluir se tratavam de autoanticorpos ou AUS. Para isto, foi optado por realização de técnica de Monocamada de Monócitos (MMA) para definir relevância clínica, que evidenciou um Índice Monocitário (IM) de 6%, sendo evitada transfusão pelo risco de hemólise. Após diagnóstico do linfoma, a paciente recebeu tratamento direcionado, com melhora dos níveis hematimétricos, sem necessidade transfusional. Discussão: A classificação de AUS é feita após realização de diversos exames imunohematológicos, tanto de testes específicos das hemácias como do plasma, como fenotipagem estendida, técnicas de adsorção/eluição, tratamento do soro e das hemácias com reagentes tióis, entre outras. Não sabemos o real efeito desses anticorpos in vivo. Estudos recentes demonstram riscos potenciais de hemólise. Técnicas como MMA são utilizadas para avaliar a relevância clínica, usando o corte de IM (quantidade de macrófagos fagocitando hemácias no seu citoplasma) de 5% para definição de conduta. Pacientes portadores de doenças onco-hematológicas, como a do nosso caso, parecem ter uma maior frequência destes anticorpos, sendo interrogada como hipóteses para isto o aumento de citocinas do microambiente tumoral ou o tratamento quimioterápico. Medidas como provas de compatibilidade e transfusão de sangue com fenótipo ou genótipo estendido são opções que podem ser utilizadas para pacientes com necessidade transfusional e presença de AUS e IM aumentado. Conclusão: A incidência de pacientes com AUS parece ser bem variável. Dito isto, entender a importância clínica dos anticorpos e as opções terapêuticas frente a esses resultados imuno-hematológicos é essencial para evitar atrasar procedimentos ou transfusões pelo receio de hemólise.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
DOAJ Open Access 2023
LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE AGUDA E GESTAÇÃO: UM DILEMA QUE PODE TER UM FINAL FELIZ

AFC Vecina, JR Assis, MA Goncalves et al.

Introdução: As leucemias agudas (LA) são neoplasias hematológicas de curso rapidamente agressivo, porém curáveis, que eventualmente podem acometer mulheres em idade gestacional, numa incidência aproximada de 1 para 100.000 gestações. Quando a gravidez é complicada com o diagnóstico de LA, surge o dilema entre arriscar a sobrevida materna, adiando a quimioterapia e o potencial dano fetal ao ser exposto a drogas anti-neoplásicas. Objetivo: Relatar caso de paciente diagnosticada com Leucemia Mieloide Aguda durante a gestação. Relato do caso: V.P.J, 39 anos, G3P2A0, diagnosticada com LMA em 25/10/22, na 25ª. semana de gestação. Apresentava medula óssea com 93,6% de blastos exibindo CD33 ++, CD13 parcial, CD117 parcial, MPO parcial, CD34 negativo, HLA-DR negativo e cariótipo normal (46, XX). Recebeu indução padrão para LMA com daunorrubicina 60 mg/m2/dia por 3 dias e citarabina 100 mg/m2/dia por 7 dias, alcançando Doença Residual Mensurável (DRM) negativa por citometria de fluxo. Submetida a 1ª. consolidação com citarabina na dose de 1,5 g/m2 em 30/11/22. Em seguimento obstétrico, devido aos achados ultrassonográficos de oligo âmnio, restrição de crescimento intrauterino e centralização hemodinâmica fetal, a paciente foi submetida a cesárea em 21/12/22, no D22 da consolidação, com 33 semanas de gestação. O recém-nascido, apresentava exame físico normal, porém alterações no hemograma (Hb = 10,9 g/dL, L = 3700, N = 110, p = 757.000). Apresentou quadro infeccioso sem foco aparente nos primeiros dias de vida, recebendo antibiótico e alta com recuperação hematológica em 15/01/23. Após o parto, a paciente seguiu o regime de consolidação com 3,0 g/m2 de Citarabina por mais 3 ciclos, mantendo DRM negativa ao final da consolidação (06/04/23). O bebê está com 7 meses de vida e apresenta crescimento e desenvolvimento normais. Discussão: Há poucos dados na literatura abordando o tratamento e o desfecho das LAs na gestação. Alguns apontam para uma sobrevida semelhante à da população em geral tratada para LA, entretanto com uma incidência maior de aborto, natimorto e parto prematuro. Aparentemente, se a doença ocorre no 1º. trimestre, é aconselhável a interrupção da gestação a fim de promover a possibilidade de tratamento adequado. Durante o 2º. e o 3º. trimestres, a quimioterapia pode ser empregada, junto ao monitoramento fetal, permitindo a remissão da leucemia e o parto de RNs sem malformações, sendo também possível adiar o início do tratamento para o pós-parto quando a leucemia é diagnosticada no 3º. trimestre. No caso relatado, por encontrar-se ainda no 2ºtrimestre, o início do tratamento não pôde ser postergado, sendo optado pela indução padrão, mas pela consolidação em menor dose, obtendo um desfecho positivo, com a obtenção de DRM negativa. O RN apresentou alterações hematológicas transitórias, descritas em literatura, porém segue um desenvolvimento normal para a idade. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de LMA durante a gestação representa um desafio em relação a conduta terapêutica. Contudo, o uso de quimioterapia é relativamente segura no segundo e terceiro trimestres, possibilitando um desfecho positivo tanto para a mãe, quanto para o bebê.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
DOAJ Open Access 2023
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DO MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO DE 2013 A 2023 NO BRASIL

CO Costa, AFC Fernandes

Introdução: O câncer é um problema de saúde pública de âmbito mundial. O Mieloma Múltiplo é uma das principais neoplasias hematológicas. Conhecer o perfil de morbidade é de suma importância, pois a doença pode apresentar-se desde assintomática ou até desenvolver complicações com dores ósseas, fraturas e infecções constantes que estão relacionados ao perfil da doença. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico do Mieloma Múltiplo no Brasil no período de 2013 a 2023. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, sendo extraído os dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS do período de 2013 a 2023 em âmbito nacional. Resultados: Nos últimos dez anos houve um total de 27.763 casos novos dessa neoplasia no país, sendo o sexo masculino correspondente ao maior número dos casos com 14.715 seguido do sexo feminino com o total de 13.048 casos. Em relação às regiões do país, verifica-se disparidades entre as regiões no número de casos diagnosticados nos últimos dez anos. A região sudeste ocupa o primeiro lugar com um total de 12.747 casos diagnosticados, a região nordeste ocupa o segundo lugar com um total de 6.700, a região sul está em terceiro com 5.244, seguidos de centro-oeste com 1.997 e norte em último lugar com 1.075 casos diagnosticados. As diferenças nos números podem estar relacionadas a fatores como: dificuldade na identificação dos sintomas da doença, acesso limitado aos serviços de saúde e a exames diagnósticos, diferença no número de serviços de oncologia dentre as regiões, entre outros fatores. Em relação a modalidade de tratamento, a quimioterapia ocupa o primeiro lugar como terapêutica mais utilizada em 24.830 pessoas para o tratamento, seguida de radioterapia com 2.796, combinação de duas modalidades (quimio e radio) com 66 e cirurgia em 68 pessoas para tratamento. Dentro do período em estudo, observa-se um aumento no número total de diagnósticos novos, em 2013 houve um total de 2.325 diagnósticos e em 2022 um salto para 3.322 diagnósticos e no primeiro semestre de 2023 o registro parcial de 731 diagnósticos. Conclusões: A análise do perfil epidemiológico do Mieloma Múltiplo no âmbito nacional, nos últimos dez anos, auxilia aos profissionais de saúde e gestores na alocação de recursos em saúde conforme disparidades regionais, buscando o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento em tempo oportuno conforme legislação, podendo reduzir a morbidade relacionada a doença e promoção da saúde para a população em geral.

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
arXiv Open Access 2022
Remote blood pressure measurement via spatiotemporal mapping of a short-time facial video

Jialiang Zhuang, Bin Li, Yun Zhang et al.

Blood pressure (BP) monitoring is vital in daily healthcare, especially for cardiovascular diseases. However, BP values are mainly acquired through the contact sensing method, which is inconvenient and unfriendly to continuous BP measurement. Hence, we propose an efficient end-to-end network to estimate the BP values from a facial video to achieve remote BP measurement in daily life. In this study, we first derived a Spatial-temporal map of a short-time (~15s) facial video. According to the Spatial-temporal map, we then regressed the BP ranges by a designed blood pressure classifier and simultaneously calculated the specific value by a blood pressure calculator in each BP range. In addition, we also developed an innovative oversampling training strategy to handle the unbalanced data distribution problem. Finally, we trained the proposed network on a private dataset ASPD and tested it on the popular dataset MMSE-HR. As a result, the proposed network achieved a state-of-the-art MAE of 12.35 mmHg and 9.5 mmHg on systolic and diastolic BP measurements, which is better than the recent works. It concludes that the proposed method has excellent potential for camera-based BP monitoring in real-world scenarios.

en eess.IV, cs.CV
arXiv Open Access 2022
Novel Blood Pressure Waveform Reconstruction from Photoplethysmography using Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks

Milad Asgari Mehrabadi, Seyed Amir Hossein Aqajari, Amir Hosein Afandizadeh Zargari et al.

Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP)can help individuals manage their chronic diseases such as hypertension, requiring non-invasive measurement methods in free-living conditions. Recent approaches fuse Photoplethysmograph (PPG) and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals using different machine and deep learning approaches to non-invasively estimate BP; however, they fail to reconstruct the complete signal, leading to less accurate models. In this paper, we propose a cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) based approach to extract a BP signal known as ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) from a clean PPG signal. Our approach uses a cycle generative adversarial network that extends theGAN architecture for domain translation, and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by up to 2x in BP estimation.

en cs.LG
arXiv Open Access 2022
Biophysical Simulation Reveals the Mechanics of the Avian Lumbosacral Organ

An Mo, Viktoriia Kamska, Fernanda Bribiesca-Contreras et al.

The lumbosacral organ (LSO) is a lumbosacral spinal canal morphology that is universally and uniquely found in birds. Recent studies suggested an intraspinal mechanosensor function that relies on the compliant motion of soft tissue in the spinal cord fluid. It has not yet been possible to observe LSO soft tissue motion in vivo due to limitations of imaging technologies. As an alternative approach, we developed an artificial biophysical model of the LSO, and characterize the dynamic responses of this model when entrained by external motion. The parametric model incorporates morphological and material properties of the LSO. We varied the model's parameters to study the influence of individual features on the system response. We characterized the system in a locomotion simulator, producing vertical oscillations similar to the trunk motions. We show how morphological and material properties effectively shape the system's oscillation characteristics. We conclude that external oscillations could entrain the soft tissue of the intraspinal lumbosacral organ during locomotion, consistent with recently proposed sensing mechanisms.

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