Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Heilok Cheng, James John, Jane Scott et al.

Objective: Bottle feeding to sleep may increase early childhood caries (ECC) and overweight risk through sugar exposure and overfeeding. This study examined the association between feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months on both ECC and overweight at 3-4 years. Methods: Participants were children in the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids longitudinal birth cohort. Exposure was bottle feeding to sleep at 24 and 36 months. Outcomes were ECC (prevalence; number of caries-affected tooth surfaces, dmfs) and overweight at 3-4 years. Results: 718 and 729 children had dental examinations and anthropometric measurements, respectively. 30.3% and 21.7% of children were bottle-fed to sleep at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Feeding to sleep at 24 months was associated with higher odds of overweight (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.06-3.38) and moderately associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.48, 95%CI 1.00-2.20). Feeding to sleep at 36 months was associated with higher caries (dmfs 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.91). Conclusions: Feeding to sleep was associated with higher odds of overweight and higher numbers of caries-affected tooth surfaces. Communicating appropriate sleep, settling and bottle cessation methods throughout early childhood may prevent ECC and overweight. Implications for Public Health: Early interventions addressing bottle feeding could reduce the dual burden of ECC and obesity.

Mohamed S. Kishta, Aya Khamis, Hafez AM et al.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging malignancy due to its high rates of recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies. microRNA-200c (miRNA-200c) has emerged as a critical tumor suppressor in HNSCC, with the potential to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is considered as a key process in cancer metastasis and progression. Interestingly, there are also controversial findings in HNSCC characterizing miRNA-200c as oncogenic factor. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of miRNA-200c's general role in cancer, and particularly in HNSCC, highlighting its mechanisms of action, including the regulation of EMT and other oncogenic pathways.Additionally, the review explores the innovative approach of exosome-mediated delivery of miRNA-200c as a therapeutic strategy. Exosomes, as natural nanocarriers, offer a promising vehicle for the targeted delivery of miRNA-200c to tumor cells, potentially overcoming the limitations of traditional delivery methods and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The review also discusses the challenges and future directions in the clinical application of miRNA-200c, particularly focusing on its potential to improve outcomes for HNSCC patients. This article seeks to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians working towards innovative treatments for this aggressive cancer type.

Igor R. Blum

Mirjam Bajt Leban, Miha Hren, Tadeja Kosec

Abstract CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V are widely used in medical, dental and 3D printing technology, allowing the accurate fabrication of geometrically complicated structures. In order to reduce the costs of printed objects, the reuse of powder is common daily practice. When using 3D printing technology, the direct impact of elevated temperatures and the influence of the laser beam may change the properties of the powder when it is reused, thus affecting the final properties of the printed object. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of reused powder on the mechanical, microstructural and electrochemical properties of 3D printed objects. 3D printed objects fabricated from virgin and reused powder of both alloys were analyzed by metallographic observation, computed tomography, XRD and electrochemical methods. The main finding of the study was that the use of reused powder (recycled 3 times) does not detrimentally affect the mechanical and corrosion integrity of 3D printed CoCr and Ti6Al4V alloys, especially for the purpose of applications in dentistry.

O. A. Osipova, R. N. Shepel, R. Yu. Shevtsov et al.

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death world­wide. On­pump coronary artery bypass grafting and cardioplegia remains the gold standard for the treatment of multivessel coronary disease. However, this method of surgical treatment has a number of perioperative complications, the most common of which is post­operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Aim. To develop a mathematical model for predicting the binary outcome "presence/absence of POCD deterioration" using Mini­Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) for timely prevention of cognitive impairment in the early postoperative period.Material and methods. The study included 180 patients with coronary artery disease with stable angina who underwent on­pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients’ age [Me (Q25­-Q75)] was 62 [56­-67] years. After the operation, all patients were divided into 2 groups: 108 patients without POCD and 72 patients with cognitive deficit of various severity. The study was conducted in three stages: stage I — 2 days before surgery; stage II — during the operation; stage III — 7 days after the operation. Assessment of cognitive status using FAB, MMSE tests was carried out at stages I and III. At the second stage, biochemical parameters were assessed: in arterial blood — lactate and hemoglobin levels, in venous blood — pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2, mm Hg) and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2, mm Hg), as well as the duration of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial anoxia. Discriminant analysis was used to develop a mathematical model for predicting a binary outcome.Results. Two groups of the most informative indicators were identified that were included in prediction algorithms for binary outcomes "presence/absence of negative dynamics of POCD" for MMSE and FAB. Group 1 included perioperative MMSE values, atrial fibrillation before surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass time and pO2. Group 2 included cardiopulmonary bypass time and intraoperative venous pH. Conclusion. Mathematical models have been developed for predicting the binary outcome "presence/absence of POCD deterioration" ac­cording to the MMSE and FAB cognitive tests, which make it possible to assess the possibility of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The proposed algorithms are implemented using spreadsheets and a computer program.

Akihiro Kawatsuki, Kosuke Oka, Hideharu Hagiya et al.

Abstract Physicians should keep in mind that Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease can show bilateral lymphadenopathy like the present case.

Fatemeh Atashi, Nafiseh Vahed, Parya Emamverdizadeh et al.

Head and neck cancers are highly prevalent worldwide. Most of these lesions are diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease. Thus, they do not often have a good long-term prognosis. Like other cancer types, head and neck cancers are managed by surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significant advances in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), physicians encounter several challenges in the course of treatment. Various mechanisms mediate the clinical responses of a certain cancer to medications. Thus, efficient treatment planning requires adequate knowledge about the genes involved in drug resistance and the evaluation of the frequency percentage of resistance. Several studies have evaluated the causes and frequency percentages of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin resistance. In this systematic review, all the relevant articles published until November 30, 2019, were retrieved from the Scopus, Embase, Medline, ISI, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases using certain MeSH and EMTTree keywords. A total of 2164 articles were retrieved of which, 18 were included in the review since they had reported the frequency percentages of drug resistance. Of all, 10 articles had evaluated cisplatin (1317 samples). A meta-analysis of the results revealed a frequency of 33% for cisplatin resistance. Eight studies had evaluated 5-FU (476 samples). A meta-analysis of the results revealed a frequency of 40.2 % for 5-FU resistance. Overcoming cisplatin resistance or 5-FU resistance can significantly enhance recovery in advanced HNSCC. Attempts should be made to eliminate the cause and use multi-drug regimens to increase the success rate of treatment.

Raed Said, Raed Said, Liubov Lobanova et al.

BackgroundStromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is one of the main components of the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) signaling pathway. Individuals with mutated STIM1 present severely hypomineralized enamel characterized as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) but the downstream molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Circadian clock signaling plays a key role in regulating the enamel thickness and mineralization, but the effects of STIM1-mediated AI on circadian clock are unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the potential links between SOCE and the circadian clock during amelogenesis.MethodsWe have generated mice with ameloblast-specific deletion of Stim1 (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre+/+, Stim1 cKO) and analyzed circadian gene expression profile in Stim1 cKO compared to control (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre–/–) using ameloblast micro-dissection and RNA micro-array of 84 circadian genes. Expression level changes were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsStim1 deletion has resulted in significant upregulation of the core circadian activator gene Brain and Muscle Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocation 1 (Bmal1) and downregulation of the circadian inhibitor Period 2 (Per2). Our analyses also revealed that SOCE disruption results in dysregulation of two additional circadian regulators; p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK14) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Both MAPK14 and TGF-β1 pathways are known to play major roles in enamel secretion and their dysregulation has been previously implicated in the development of AI phenotype.ConclusionThese data indicate that disruption of SOCE significantly affects the ameloblasts molecular circadian clock, suggesting that alteration of the circadian clock may be partly involved in the development of STIM1-mediated AI.

Alberto Maria Saibene, Cecilia Rosso, Paolo Castellarin et al.

Abstract Purpose Because of its affinity for water-based tissues, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has become an instrument of choice for treating oral mucosa conditions, ranging from inflammatory to malignant lesions. The aim of this work is to systematically evaluate the outcomes of laser surgery over a wide range of lesions, while providing a solid and reproducible protocol for CO2 laser surgery in the outpatient management of oral lesion. Methods Seventy-eight patients underwent 92 laser outpatient procedures for treatment of a wide range of benign and malignant lesions. We performed 60 removals, 11 exeretic biopsies, 15 vaporizations, and 3 vaporization/removal combined. We analyzed laser parameters applied for each technique and provided a systematic evaluation of surgical results. Results No problems occurred intraoperatively in any of the patients. Five patients complained marginal pain, while 3 patients had postsurgery bleeding. All treatments were successful, with the notable exception of 3 relapsing verrucous proliferative leukoplakias and an infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue requiring radicalization. We did not record any adverse reactions to drugs or lesions due to laser action. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and pathology results was at 94.8%. Conclusions Our data indicate that CO2 laser is a solid choice for outpatient treatment of oral lesions. This technique grants painless and almost bloodless treatment, with negligible recurrence rates. Providing a solid reference for laser settings and operative techniques could provide a foundation for further exploring this tool while offering the basis for a positive comparison between different surgical techniques and options.

Carmen Enciso Deza, Donald Ramos Perfecto

Objetivo: Determinar si existe actividad antibacteriana del extracto de hoja de coca (Erythroxylum coca), sobre bacilos negro pigmentados (BNP). Materiales y método: Se emplearon dos pruebas: Test de Difusión en Agar y Dilución en medio líquido. Las cepas de BNP fueron aisladas de muestras tomadas de bolsas periodontales de pacientes con enfermedad periodontal atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El extracto hidroalcohólico de hoja de coca fue obtenido de la Empresa Nacional de la Coca (ENACO). Resultados: La primera prueba difusión en agar indicó sensibilidad nula (-) para la mayor parte de las concentraciones evaluadas, y sensibilidad límite (sensibilidad: +) para las concentración de 12,5% y 100%. Los resultados de la sensibilidad por dilución determinaron una concentración mínima del extracto capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de dicha bacteria, 100% (concentración mínima inhibitoria), y a las concentraciones de 12,5% y 6,25% se observa una repotenciación del efecto antibacteriano del extracto. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de hoja de coca, sí presenta una actividad antibacteriana frente a BNP, a las concentraciones de 100% y 12,5%.

Maharani Laillyza Apriasari

Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the self limiting disease that associated with primary Epstein Barr virus (EBV). It is a gamma herpes virus. EBV infection is follows saliva-transfer by kissing or sexual intercourse. The most clinical manifestation in IM consists mainly of the specific sign: pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy. The main therapy is supportive treatment. Actually the antiviral therapy is required for the host with high response immune. Purpose: The aimed of this study was to report the therapy of IM using methisoprinol. Case: The woman patient, 33 years old, came to hospital by suffering pharyngitis and swolen on left neck. It had been since 3 days ago. Case management: She had come to Puskesmas that were given amoxycillin capsul 500 mg three times a day for three days and paracetamol tablet 500mg three times a day for three days, but she was still ill. Then she came to RSGM Hasan Aman Banjarmasin. She was diagnosed as IM. The instruction were isolation and bed rest for a week. She had to eat sofly and drink water highly. The therapy were amoxycillin capsul 500 mg three times a day for seven days, methisoprinol caplet 500 mg three times a day for seven days, natrium dikofenak tablet 50 mg three times a day for seven days. She was asked to see the dentist next 7 days. In this case, she were not given acyclovir. Conclusion: IM is self limiting disease. IM is the disease with spesific clinical syndrome that associated with primary EBV infection. Depend on the base of clinical experiences, the supportive treatment is adviced for patient of IM. Methisoprinol has both immunomodulator and antiviral properties.

Najla Faraz

Objective: The objective was to survey dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (in government and private sector) to assess their level of knowledge on dental radiography, radiographic equipment and radiation protection, and to evaluate if current dental radiology practices are in accordance with guidelines of UK. Materials and Methods: A survey questionnaire (English and Arabic) containing 15 questions was delivered by hand to 462 dentists. It contained questions on intraoral techniques, image receptor, collimator, film speed, processing, viewing mode, kVp, panoramic equipment, lead apron, person taking radiographs, radiation monitors, and local dental radiology manual. Results: A total of 373 (81%) dentists responded to the survey. Results show a lack of awareness in radiation protection and dose reduction techniques. A high proportion of respondents did not know about, film speed (45%), collimator type (42%), kVp of intraoral equipment (31%), and local dental radiology manual (66%). Further, only 13% use rectangular collimator, 55% use beam alignment, 25% use D speed film, 10% use background light for viewing, 7% of intraoral equipment is operated at 50 kVp, and 21% use digital intraoral equipment. Only 20% of the government sector dentists are directly involved in taking intraoral radiographs compared to 52% in the private sector. Responses from the government sector showed a higher proportion of "do not know" answers compared with the private sector. Conclusion: It is required to implement internationally recommended standards to improve awareness and knowledge among dentists regarding dental radiography and radiation protection. Furthermore, improvement in undergraduate education level and establishment of postgraduate courses on dental radiology are strongly recommended.

Amer A Taqa, Nada Z Mohammed, Alia'a W Alomari

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different water types on the water powder ratio of dental gypsum products. Materials and Methods: In this study five types of water (distilled, tab, slurry, de-ionized and well water) were used to be mixed with two types of dental gypsum products (plaster and stone). Results: Results showed a statistically significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 in water powder ratio of gyp-sum products when mixed with different types of water that used in this study . Conclusions: Water requirement of gypsum product varies in respect to the type of water used to be mixed with. The most pronounce decrease in water requirement of dental gypsum products was achieved with slurry water

Latha Tella, Sudarsan Sabitha, Arun K et al.

<b>Background: </b> The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the success and predictability of a rotated papillary pedicle graft in combination with the coronally advanced flap using surgical loupe (2.5X magnification) for the treatment of Miller&#x2032;s class I gingival recession. <b> Materials and Methods: </b> Fifteen systemically healthy patients with isolated gingival recession underwent the procedure. The probing depth, percentage root coverage, width of the keratinized gingiva and the gain in clinical attachment, papilla width, papilla height, area of the papilla at the donor site, were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 12 months. <b> Results: </b> All parameters except probing pocket depth, significantly improved from baseline to 12 months. The mean recession defect of 2.67 &#x00B1; 0.03 mm present at baseline reduced to 0.13 &#x00B1; 0.35 mm at the end of the 3^rd months and stabilized at 0.27 &#x00B1; 0.59 mm at 12 months. The mean reduction in recession depth was 2.40 &#x00B1; 0.03 mm at the end of the study. Complete recession coverage was obtained in 13 of the 15 (87&#x0025;) of the cases treated with a mean percentage recession coverage at 12 months being 86 &#x00B1; 35.19&#x0025;. The gain in the width of the keratinized gingiva was 1.33 &#x00B1; 0.13 mm at the end of the study. There was no postoperative morbidity from where the graft was harvested at the end of the study period. <b> Conclusion:</b> The use of magnification in mucogingival surgery resulted in achieving a high degree of success and predictability as well as an excellent esthetic outcome.

Oswaldo Ruiz, Jo E. Frencken

The aim of this study was to carry out a situation analysis of: a) prevalence of ART training courses; b) integration of ART into the oral healthcare systems and; c) strengths and weaknesses of ART integration, in Latin American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured questionnaire, consisting of 18 questions, was emailed to directors of national or regional oral health departments of all Latin American countries and the USA. For two countries that had not responded after 4 weeks, the questionnaire was sent to the Dean of each local Dental School. The questions were related to ART training courses, integration of ART in the dental curriculum and the oral healthcare system, barriers to ART implementation in the public health system and recommendations for ART implementation in the services. Factor analysis was used to construct one factor in the barrier-related question. Means and percentages were calculated. RESULTS: The response rate, covering 55% of all Latin American countries, was 76%. An ART training course had been given in all Latin American countries that responded, with more than 2 having been conducted in 64.7% of the respondent countries. ART was implemented in public oral health services in 94.7 % of the countries, according to the respondents. In 15.8% of the countries, ART was applied throughout the country and in 68.4%, in some areas or regions of a country. ART had been used for more, or less, than three years in 42.1% and 47.4% of the countries, respectively. Evaluation and monitoring activities to determine the effectiveness of ART restorations and ART sealants had been carried out in 42.1% of the countries, while evaluation training courses had taken place in only 3 countries (15.8%). Respondents perceived the "increase in the number of treated patients" as the major benefit of ART implementation in public oral health services. The major perceived barrier factors to ART implementation were "operator opinion" and "high patient load", followed by "lack in supplies of materials and instruments and operators" and "lack of ART training". Respondents recommended that the number of ART courses should be increased. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of ART into the public oral health systems in Latin American countries has taken place but is still in its infancy. More ART training courses need to be organized if the approach is to be adopted in oral health service systems in these countries.

Esfandiar Akhavan Niaki, Javad Chalipa, Ahmad Reza Dehpour et al.

Aim: The appearance of osteoclasts is the first step in orthodontic tooth movement. During orthodontic force application, the periodontal ligament (PDL) undergoes hyalinization. This tissue damage prevents the tooth from moving until the adjacent bone and necrotic tissue are removed by osteoclasts. There is a range of forces that produce the maximum rate of tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different orthodontic forces on osteoclast numbers.Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided to 4 experimental groups. Appliance exerted 25gr in light, 40gr in moderate and 60gr in heavy group. There was not any appliance in control group. Animals were sacrified after 14 days and tissue samples were prepared. The mesial and distal surfaces of first upper molar and adjacent alveolar bone were studied. Osteoclast numbers, cementoclast numbers, root length, root resorption, depth and length of resorptive cavities, PDL. width in coronal-middle-apical, apical and coronal inflammation, bone resorption, necrotic bone and tooth movement were evaluated. Mesial and distal surfaces were also compared.Results: In menial osteoclast numbers, depth of resorptive cavities, bone resorption, necrotic bone, PDL width and in distal apical inflammation, bone resorption, necrotic bone and PDL width were significant. Tooth movement was significantly different between all groups. (P<0.05)Conclusion: This data suggest that osteoclasts numbers are increased when force is increased. The magnitude of the orthodontic force is believed to be an important factor, not only for the magnitude of the tooth movement but also for any tissue damage.

Harry H. Chandler