To realize safe, efficient, and intelligent excavation of coal mine roadways, the academic concept of “Digging is modelling” is proposed,which defines thecontent and architectural framework of the concept, as well as extracts the key technical issues related to it. Specifically, these include multiplexmining model construction technology integrating multi-source information, the intelligent cutting technology based on mining model, the intelligent temporary support technology based on mining model, the intelligent permanent support technology based on mining model, the intelligent navigation technology based on mining model, and the mechanical equipments intelligence parallel cooperative control technology based on mining model. The problem of mining model construction is addressed by proposing a method that integrates multi-source data such as geological exploration, mine design, and advance detection. This method provides a unified basis for the model construction of various subsystem of the excavating system. Furthermore, to address the issue of intelligent cutting based on mining model, a coupling submodel of mining model and cutting subsystem model is established. Intelligent cutting trajectory planning and cutting parameter optimization methods are proposed, an intelligent cutting strategy for mining is formulated, and adaptive planning of the cutting subsystem is realized. In order to address the issue of intelligent temporary support based on mining model, a sub-model for temporary support is established and coupled with the cuttingmining model and temporary support subsystem. Additionally, an adaptive adjustment method for temporary support posture and support force is proposed to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the temporary support subsystem, improve the stability of the surrounding rock, and lay a spatio-temporal foundation for parallel and cooperative digging and anchoring operations. To address the issue of permanent support based on mining model, we have established a permanent support subsystem coupled with temporary support mining model. Additionally, we propose a collaborative control method for each drilling and anchoring equipment in the permanent support subsystem under limited time and space. This approach aims to achieve efficient collaborative control of the permanent support subsystem. Aiming to address the challenge of intelligent navigation based on mining models, a sub-model integrating mining model and navigation subsystem is established. Furthermore, an accurate navigation method for intelligent excavating system, combining inertial navigation with total station technology, is proposed to enhance the precision of roadway driving and formation quality. In order to address the issue of intelligent parallel cooperative control in a cluster based on the tunnel model, we have established a parallel cooperative control sub-model that is integrated with the tunnel model and the cluster cooperative control subsystem. Additionally, we have developed a multi-machine parallel cooperative control strategy and proposed a cooperative control method for multi-task and multi-system intelligent excavating systems to achieve safe and efficient driving. The shield mine excavation robot system developed by team based on the academic concept of “Digging is modelling”. This system has been successfully utilized by Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Shaanxi Xiao Bao Dang Mining Co., Ltd., effectively addressing challenges in mine roadway excavation under complex geological conditions such as thick dirt, high hardness, and serious sheet wall. As a result, it has significantly enhanced the safety, efficiency, and intelligence level of tunnel excavation.
Kluyveromyces marxianus (K. marxianus) has emerged as a prominent microbial platform owing to its exceptional intrinsic properties, demonstrating significant potential for biomanufacturing. A literature search with the keyword ‘Kluyveromyces marxianus’ in title in the PubMed database indicated that the yeast has been developed as a microbial cell factory for lignocellulosic biomass valorization, heterologous protein production, flavor and fragrance molecule synthesis during the past 10 years. However, the most recent review of K. marxianus application in food industry was 5 years ago. The relatively slow progression is partially due to the paucity of molecular tools and the lagging advancements in process optimization strategies. This review summarizes the physiological characteristics of K. marxianus and its potential industrial applications. Addressing the requirements of industrial-scale production, key limiting factors in high-cell-density fermentation, including carbon source utilization efficiency, dissolved oxygen regulation, and inhibition by metabolic byproducts were analyzed. An integrated approach combining dynamic feeding, metabolic pathway engineering, and fermentation parameter optimization was proposed. Considering the previous reviews, the present work updated the application of K. marxianus in the food industry, including the production of enzymes, sugars, aromatic compounds, single-cell protein, and transformation of food waste, as well as the treatment of wastewater during food processing, and aims to make a comprehensive discussion. Through the systematic construction of the research paradigm from molecular constraints to process hurdles, the work may help the transition of K. marxianus for efficient manufacturing and processing in the food industry.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has attracted much attention in the global community and aviation industry. As UAVs have the potential to be applied for multiple missions, the level of research into improving their design and flight performance has also increased. In this context, the present paper aims to present the design, construction, and flight performance of an electrically operated fixed-wing UAV. As a first step in the design process, key performance requirements are defined, such as the thrust required, the stall speed, the minimum drag velocity, and the minimum power velocity. Wing and associated power loadings are calculated according to the defined performance requirements. In addition, payload and endurance requirements are set up in order to determine the wing and tail areas, the total mass, the power requirements, and the motor size. Aerodynamics and stability designs are also calculated. After the completion of the design process, the manufacturing of the UAV follows by using appropriate materials. Flight tests were carried out for the evaluation of the UAV’s flight performance, where the success of the design was demonstrated.
With the continuous development of China’s power industry in recent years, the construction of China’s power grid has developed rapidly in the context of modern society. In the process of building modern transformer substation in China, Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) has been widely used. The faults caused by poor contact in GIS account for 29% of all faults, making it the highest occurrence rate among all faults. Poor contact leads to abnormal temperature rise of the contacts, so it is necessary to conduct research of temperature rise. This article takes the 110kV three-phase co-box type GIS disconnect switch as the research object, establishes a simplified model, conducts simulation calculation of multi-field coupling, and achieves the goal of inverting the contact temperature with the temperature of monitoring points on the shell. In order to achieve this goal, this article further conduct temperature research. Selecting monitoring points on the surface of the shell and optimizing the selection of monitoring points using genetic algorithm, then analyzing the relationship between the temperature of the monitoring points and the contact temperature, a contact temperature inversion model based on the temperature of the monitoring points is established. The results show that the inversion model of contact temperature of GIS disconnect switch has high accuracy, with an error of less than 3%, and can be used for non-invasive monitoring of contact temperature.
Widespread illegal disposal of surging construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a prominent threat to recycling, leading to resource wastage and environmental issues. The lack of data is a major barrier to designing an effective waste management system in emerging economies. Employing a mixed-method approach, a cross-sectional case study was conducted on an Indian city to assess the existing system and investigate the root causes of low recycling rates and limited demand for recycled materials. The study finds that (a) illegal disposal is prevalent due to the ''end-of-pipe'' approach of the waste management system, (b) policy enforcement on waste generators is weak, (c) low-rise residential buildings are the major contributor of waste, (d) low demand for recycled material is due to lack of awareness, marketing, incentives, and high costs, (e) transportation costs are 50 % higher than the recycled material cost, and (f) lack of segregation leading to the production of low-value materials. All these factors make recycling unattractive and the circular economy (CE) unfeasible. Stakeholder awareness, a centralized trading platform, and integrated waste management systems are essential to promote recycling and advance SDGs 9, 11, and 12, focusing on industry, sustainable cities, and responsible consumption and production.
The article examines the current trends in the investment activity of hop farming in the main hop-producing countries. The structure of investments in fixed assets of the industry in large specialized farms in the USA (Washington State University methodology), in small farms in the USA (joint methodology of the University of Michigan and Vermont), in average farms in Europe (SIMAHOP methodology of the Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing) and in farms of the Chuvash Republic — the main hop-producing region of Russia (model CCU of the Czech Republic “Agro-Innovations”). According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the hop growers bear the greatest investment costs at the initial stage — during the construction of the hop frames and the laying of hops. Capital investments at this point account for 50-60% of all long-term investments. On average, 15% to 19% of investments are invested in the purchase of specialized machinery and equipment. From 20% to 30% is occupied by investment costs for hop harvesting points.
Sesha Vidhya S, Rukmani Devi S, Shanthi K. G
et al.
The creation of a network of tiny sensors installed in, on or around the human body has been facilitated by advancements in wireless communications and wearable devices. Because of its potential to transform healthcare delivery, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has been increasingly important in modern medical systems over the last decade. Individual nodes (sensors and actuators) embedded in a person's clothing, body, or skin form a WBAN. Both academia and industry have increased their efforts in WBAN research and development. The wearable antenna, whether on or off the human body, is a critical component of contact with particular design in WBAN networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology can provide high-capacity, short-range communications with minimal energy consumption, which is appropriate for wireless body area networks. The human body's involvement in such a device creates significant challenges for both the wearable antenna's construction and the broadcast paradigm. To achieve many functionalities, multi-band and broadband antennas are better solutions. The proposed multi-band antenna is constructed from a FR4 substrate with dimensions of (24 × 25 × 1.6) mm3. The proposed design was successfully tested with different configurations and enhanced with a broad impedance bandwidth of over 100 percent, where the UWB frequency spectrum encompassed the range from 3 to 9 GHz with a reflective coefficient of −15 dB and gain of 2.5 dBi, as well as fair radiation patterns in the Federal Communications Commission range. The SAR value of the devised antenna with and without SRR being 2 W/kg, 3.5 W/kg, respectively. This solution may be a worthy contender for meeting the UWB demands as a result, could be an excellent fit for wireless body technologies.
Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General), Automation
Rashad Ali, Muhammad Kamran Jamil, Amal S. Alali
et al.
Modern cryptographic systems use substitution boxes (S-boxes) throughout the encryption process to enhance the security of the plaintext. The integrity of the communication process is ensured by these S-boxes, which are vital in converting the ciphertext back into the original plaintext during the decryption phase. The cryptographic strength of a certain S-box has a substantial impact on the overall security of a given cipher. As a result, many researchers have used innovative construction techniques to create robust S-boxes. The method used in this paper is a novel combination of a specific map on the direct product of cyclic groups of order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16 \times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and an inversion map of a Galois field with order 256. This strategy aims to produce dynamic S-boxes. The proposed method can produce a large number of strong S-boxes by making little changes to the map’s parameters. Four S-boxes were created and their performance was analyzed using industry standards such as bijectivity, the strict avalanche criterion (SAC), nonlinearity (NL), the bit independence criterion (BIC), linear probability (LAP), and differential probability (DAP). The performance of the recommended S-boxes was compared to that of state-of-the-art S-boxes to show their efficacy. The proposed S-box also exhibits considerable potential as a candidate for modern cryptosystems aiming at securing multimedia information, as shown by a suggested method for protecting the privacy of digital images using it. The effectiveness of the encryption method was then assessed using several tests including contrast, correlation, homogeneity, entropy, energy, Number of Pixel change rate (NPCR), and Unified Average changing intensity (UACI). We observed the efficacy of the suggested method for image encryption by comparing our results with different methods.
Based on the analysis of the importance and necessity of evaluating the college entrepreneurship and innovation (E&I) education effect for the sci-tech service (STS) industry, from four aspects of top-layer design, college environment, faculty and learner assessment, an assessment index system for the effect of college E&I education is constructed. Through analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper also makes a comprehensive and objective assessment and analysis on the effect of college E&I education, which is oriented to the STS industry. Among the primary layer indicators, the weight coefficient of learner assessment is 0.4444, followed by the faculty, and the weight coefficient is 0.3061. Additionally, this proves that lecturers and learners are the focus and primary body of E&I education activities in colleges for STS industry. The theoretical concept and practical ability of learners is the most important index to test the assessment of E&I education effect. Lecturers’ teaching methods and their own experience are important for the effect assessment of E&I education, and the environment of E&I education is important for the effect assessment of education. The construction of innovative and entrepreneurial lecturers is critical to education effect assessment.
This study examined the utilization of a work-based learning program (WBL) to develop the employability skills of craftsmen in the construction industry towards industrial development. Also, it determines the influence of WBL on employability skills of craftsmen challenges militating against effective utilization of WBL, and strategies/techniques for improving utilization of WBL to develop competency and employability skills of craftsmen in construction industries. A descriptive survey research design was used and data was obtained using a structured questionnaire known as the Employability Skill Inventory Checklist. 95 site managers in construction industries and technical instructors in private vocational centers/colleges in Lagos State participated in the study. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16.0 for data computation. Mean was used to answer three research questions. Findings revealed that WBL enhances the employability potential of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates by promoting their soft skills, technical and vocational skills. Challenges against the utilization of WBL include; activities related to WBL programs that do not fit neatly into traditional school and lack healthy collaboration between TVET and industry. Also, recommended techniques/strategies for WBL include maintaining frequent communication between parents and teachers, producing regular reports that track each student’s progress; skill, knowledge, and attitude should be derived from work undertaken.
Lightning rods have been developed to prevent damage caused by lightning to organisms. However, the biological effect of the current transmitted into the soil through lightning rods is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of lightning on soil properties, the microbial community, and the active components of Pu-erh tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) near lightning rods. The results showed that the contents of organic matter and available potassium, copper, and calcium in rhizosphere soil near the lightning rod were significantly higher than those in control soil (P < 0.05), while the contents of total potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and aluminum decreased. Lightning significantly increased the bacterial diversity of Pu-erh rhizosphere soil compared to control soil samples (P < 0.05). Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, and Reyranella were significantly enriched in soil samples near the lightning rod compared to soil samples far from the lightning rod. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that adenosine/AMP kinase, chitodextrinase, flavorubredoxin, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil samples near the lightning rod compared to the control samples (P < 0.05). β diversity analysis indicated the grounding of the lightning rod contributed to the community differentiation of rhizosphere bacteria. Amino acids, polyphenols, and soluble sugar increased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod, while the contents of catechin and anthocyanin decreased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod compared with the control sample (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found among microbial indicators, soil properties, and Pu 'er tea components. This study serves as the first report on the effects of lightning rods on soil properties, microecology, and plant metabolism, which promotes the understanding of the biological effects of lightning, and provides a reference for the rational use of lightning resources.
Abstract. This research focuses on the current state of the Ukrainian construction industry. Part of the aim of the study is to evaluate progress in the construction economy through analysing both the GDP dynamics in the construction industry and overall country’s GDP. The authors prove that both Ukraine’s overall GDP and the GDP of the construction industry tended to increase in 2015—2017, however, the fluctuation observed in the share of construction industry in the GDP structure was insignificant. It has been determined that the construction industry performance is preconditioned by the country’s economic development and, on the other hand, they influence the development and potential of enterprises that belong to other industries.
The study examines performance of the construction industry enterprises’ activities. Despite an increase in the economic indicators that have been observed over past few years, these activities are unprofitable. 2018 witnessed a decline in the index of construction products in general as well as of several their types. It has been established that the development of construction industry and its condition depend on various factors, the influence of which is a result of interaction between economic, market, technological, political and social processes.
The volumes and structure of capital investments in construction have been estimated. The study has proved that investment volume is a significant external factor, through which the enterprises of the construction industry are financed. The economic factors and their influence on volumes of executed construction works have been investigated; the importance of considering the specific features of the industry while studying the degree of impact exercised by the factors, is justified. The directions in which the efficiency of the construction enterprises’ activities should expand are studied; besides, ways of overcoming major problems in the branch are described.
Keywords: construction industry, capital investment, impact factors, enterprise performance, resources.
JEL Classification L74, M41
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 11.
Assessing the harmfulness of defects based on images is becoming more and more common in industry. At present, these defects can be inserted in digital twins that aim to replicate in a mechanical model what is observed on a component so that an image-based diagnosis can be further conducted. However, the variety of defects, the complexity of their shape, and the computational complexity of finite element models related to their digital twin make this kind of diagnosis too slow for any practical application. We show that a classification of observed defects enables the definition of a dictionary of digital twins. These digital twins prove to be representative of model-reduction purposes while preserving an acceptable accuracy for stress prediction. Nonsupervised machine learning is used for both the classification issue and the construction of reduced digital twins. The dictionary items are medoids found by a k-medoids clustering algorithm. Medoids are assumed to be well distributed in the training dataset according to a metric or a dissimilarity measurement. In this paper, we propose a new dissimilarity measurement between defects. It is theoretically founded according to approximation errors in hyper-reduced predictions. In doing so, defect classes are defined according to their mechanical effect and not directly according to their morphology. In practice, each defect in the training dataset is encoded as a point on a Grassmann manifold. This methodology is evaluated through a test set of observed defects totally different from the training dataset of defects used to compute the dictionary of digital twins. The most appropriate item in the dictionary for model reduction is selected according to an error indicator related to the hyper-reduced prediction of stresses. No plasticity effect is considered here (merely isotropic elastic materials), which is a strong assumption but which is not critical for the purpose of this work. In spite of the large variety of defects, we provide accurate predictions of stresses for most of defects in the test set.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
With the continuous innovation of new-generation information technology and its accelerated integration with manufacturing industry, industrial internet platforms (IIPs) are rapidly emerging worldwide. Construction and application of IIP has become a new focus in international competition for leading enterprises, and also a new direction of industrial development for many countries worldwide. However, the development of IIP is still in the stage of exploration, and the industry sector still lacks unified understanding of the IIP. Therefore, this study firstly proposes a reference architecture of IIP to clarify its framework and core functions, so as to provide a general reference model for the industry to understand and jointly promote construction of IIP. Secondly, an assessment system is proposed to evaluate the usage of IIP. The assessment framework is composed from three domains namely the foundation, key capability, value and benefit. Finally, the practical value of the reference architecture and the assessment framework of IIP is verified by an industry practice.
К. Мухтарова, A. Мылтыкбаева, Г. Есболганова
et al.
The development of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the priorities of state policy in Kazakhstan. Its successful implementation determines the further economic and political development of the country. Currently, the country established a certain basis for the development of SME. The number of registered small businesses in the country is increasing annually. The share of small and medium-sized businesses in the country’s GDP is around 25% in the private sector employs over 60% of the employed population. However, there is not enough focus on small business trade and the manufacturing sector. For example, more than 46% of active small businesses are concentrated in trade, repairing of motor vehicles and household goods, 14% – in construction, 12.1% – in the sphere of real estate operations, renting and business services, 10.9% – in industry. This involves the creation of favorable conditions for the transfer of small and medium-sized businesses in the manufacturing sector, as well as strengthening its position in the service sector.
In the current article authors tried to do the detailed analysis of different regions and accordingly it was found out that there are regional specificities of each area in Kazakhstan. Differences especially strongly manifested in comparison of regions with significant population, more developed industry, and significant reserves of minerals.
Economics as a science, Marketing. Distribution of products
The aim of the conducted research was to develop a methodology of investigating the accidentality phenomenon in the construction industry, which is considered as a process that is created by a sequence of accidents occurring at discrete periods of time and at various construction sites in terms of their location, construction, and technical equipment. In order to investigate the circumstances of accidents, a methodology developed by the European Statistical Office of the European Union (ESAW) was used during the research. The basic elements of the proposed methodology is the IT database (computer knowledge database (CKD)), which includes information about the circumstances and causes of accidents and also constitutes a repository for the collected data, as well as a graphic and IT model of the accident process in the form of a directed graph. In order to detect the characteristic features of the accidentality phenomenon in the construction industry, a simulation of a sequence that consists of 485 occupational accidents that occurred in 2008−2016 in five Polish voivodeships was carried out. The conducted research and analysis allowed the most common accident scenarios that occur in the construction industry to be identified, as well as the probability of their occurrence and the critical path in the graph that indicates the most accident-causing activities to be determined. The proposed model is important for construction practice. Based on a large set of data on accidents included in the CKD, it is possible to study the impact of the following on the accidentality phenomenon: Technologies used in the construction industry, the types of carried out construction works, and the methods used to organize work and equipment.
The city of Pekalongan known as "Kota Batik" is one of Batik Industrial Centers in Indonesia with 917 batik industry. There are 203 batik industries located in Jenggot Village, which is the biggest batik industrial center in Pekalongan City. The process of making batik requires a dye derived from synthetic dyes containing heavy metals. Most of the waste is directly discharged into the environment without going through the processing first. This is due to the lack of optimal management of existing WWTP as well as lack of public awareness of environmental conservation. This condition has a negative impact on the surrounding community, especially in terms of environmental health. The result of measurement of 5 (five) batik industrial waste outlets and 5 point of batik waste water in residential sewer shows almost equal number for 3 (three) parameters of heavy metals Cd, Cr and Pb with average number: Cd 0.07 Mg / L, Cr 0.76 mg / L and Pb 0.78 mg / L. These three parameters exceed the maximum level of quality standard established by Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. The average result of the water quality measurement of the well digging population to the heavy metal content are: Cd 0,001 mg / L, Cr 0,002 mg / L and Pb 0.04 mg / L. Of the three parameters of heavy metals, heavy metals of Pb are on average higher than the maximum level of quality standards established by Decree of the Minister of Health Number. 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 regarding Water Quality Requirements. Potential occurrence of dug well water contamination due to infiltration of batik waste water is big enough. Survey results of 15 dug wells show that the construction of dug wells is not sufficient. There is a dug well with a damaged outer wall of 16.1%, damaged inner wall of 17.9% and a damaged well floor of 19.7%. Improper well construction impacts on the infiltration of batik waste water into the well. Survey results of physical well water quality showed 3.6% snoring, 16.1% smelly, 9.8% color and 10.7% taste. Pollution to dug well water can affect public health because it is used for daily use to drink, cook, bathe and wash because> 65% do not have other sources of clean water. The recommendation of this research is the need for waste water treatment batik starting from source through WWTP both on the household and communal scale with the role of local government as a facilitator. Society and batik industry players need to be involved in managing environmentally friendly batik industrial center.
In order to understand the trend of the development of the Internet of things, and the role of development and construction in the future,this article introduces the developing situation of the Internet of things at home and abroad. Summarizes the architecture and key technologies of iot, this paper expounds the application of the Internet of things, the last development of the Internet of things industry of our country is prospected. Combining with the development of the Internet of things industry area, zhengzhou air port development makes us on the Internet of things has a comprehensive and accurate understanding and awareness.