Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Gaëtan Cognard

This article examines myths that have been disseminated through arts and culture about so-called “Gypsies”, confining them to “anti-worlds”. There is always a “glamour that enwraps the Gypsy race” (Sampson 1935a, 10). Romantics and some nineteenth-century writers considered them to be positive symbols of resistance to newly born capitalism and rampant industrialization. This constituted a sort of “légende rose” (Descola 2019, 13), or pink legend, as Philippe Descola put it about Achouars, that is, a very positive gaze upon a people yet labelled “primitive”. However, this article intends to focus on the negative “black legend” (Ibid.), the idea that “Gypsies” form a dark and hostile people belonging to a dark and hostile fantasized territory. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century playwrights first depicted “Gypsies” as thieves, monsters, or inferior beings displaying dubious morality. They were ascribed mysterious powers, and “Gypsy” women were depicted as witches connected to their natural and dangerous territory, an occult Gypsyland. In all cases, they were shown as somewhat uncivilized (Grellman 1787, 24) and primitive beings, very much attached to their own traditions: a figure of the “Orientals within” (Lee 2000, 132). This Gypsylorism – understood here broadly as an orientalism about “Gypsies” – imposed a vision about them, now deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the gadjos. “Gypsies” of fiction have been created and re-created until they occupy, in the Western imagination, foreign and/or dark territories yet these are situated inside Europe. Surprisingly, they can be found to this day wandering in books and movies, in other spaces or “espaces autres”, and in fetishized beyonds or heterotopias (Foucault 1966, 31). “Gypsy” characters inhabit the margins of the dominant societies of the countries in which they settled centuries ago, as if constantly bringing along with them, in the fantasies of the gadjos, their own frontiers which would isolate them from the rest of the population; or they live in exotic Gypsylands inside the very West. Their assigned territories are “absolutely different”, they are counter spaces, or “contre-espaces” (Foucault 1966, 24), constituting a huge reserve of imagination, “une grande réserve d’imagination” (Foucault 1967, 36). A “Gypsy” para-history thus has been told and written over and over again, “evacuating” (Barthes 2010, 240) the history of Gypsies, and questioning the role of artists and responsibility of social players. This article will also seek to raise the issue of “double consciousness” (Du Bois 1903, 8) among “Gypsy” Travellers.

Anne Bertrand

Oswaldo Patricio Prieto Jiménez

Esta investigación analiza la primera obra de arquitectura religiosa moderna en Loja, Ecuador: la Capilla de la Medalla Milagrosa de Marcelo Rodríguez Palacios de 1962. El estudio comienza con una revisión de los atributos de la arquitectura moderna y su evolución en Ecuador, enfocándose en su manifestación en la ciudad de Loja. Se examinan aspectos clave de la obra, tales como su relación con el entorno urbano, los componentes fundamentales y su composición formal. Finalmente, se analiza la aplicación de los principios de la modernidad y su vínculo con el entorno cultural, destacando su relevancia en la evolución de la arquitectura religiosa en Ecuador.

Jacek Kopczyński

Eleonora Bahr Pessôa, Mariluci Neis Carelli, Dione da Rocha Bandeira

Resumo As diretrizes estabelecidas pelo Estatuto da Cidade determinam a garantia do direito a cidades sustentáveis, à gestão democrática e à inclusão da política patrimonial no planejamento e na gestão do desenvolvimento urbano. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma pesquisa do estado da arte, em bancos de dados, sobre a produção acadêmica nacional relacionada à abordagem do patrimônio cultural entre 2011-2020, nos planos diretores municipais. Por meio da metodologia estado da arte foi possível concluir que há pouca produção acadêmica relacionando o plano diretor ao patrimônio cultural.

Adam Millard-Ball, Natasha Timmons

We explore whether policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs) impede efforts to reduce vehicle travel. We hypothesize that the presence of EV chargers reduces respondents' willingness to support (i) the removal of on-street parking to make space for bicycle lanes, and (ii) infill development on surface parking lots. We also hypothesize that the availability of EVs reduces public support for broader vehicle travel reduction policies. Using a randomized survey-based experiment, we find no evidence to support any of these hypotheses.

Magdalena Ana Sprechmann Gomez

This paper is a preliminary inquiry into the work of Burle Marx in Uruguay between the decades of 1950 and 1980. In this period, he had some piecemeal collaborations with two pioneers of modern design in Uruguay: Luis García Pardo and Walter Pintos Risso. They attempted to materialize pragmatically the idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, i.e. of total artwork, produced for a local bourgeoisie. This was expressed through architecture, gardens, built-in works of art, such as sculptures and murals, designer furniture and advertising graphic design for their own products.   As research methodology, primary sources were revised, such as document resource centers, which are still not public, press of the day and advertising brochures; the works under study were visited and interviews were conducted with people associated with the work of Burle Marx and the above-mentioned Uruguayan architects.

Abigail L. Cochran, Jueyu Wang, Lauren Prunkl et al.

Living near vaccination sites can reduce transportation barriers to getting the COVID-19 vaccine. We examine how access in North Carolina varies among demographic groups based on residents’ geographic proximity to potential vaccination sites in centralized and dispersed distribution scenarios. We find American Indians have substantially less proximity-based access in both scenarios; non-Hispanic Whites, older adults, and adults with lower educational attainment also live farther than average from potential vaccination sites. However, access increases more for these groups in the dispersed vaccine distribution scenario. Findings suggest programs seeking to increase vaccine access should focus on reaching members of these demographic groups.

V. Beltran, Jessica C. Decker, Mark Matzaganian et al.

This chapter examines the complexities of creating a collaborative community in online classes. A fully online Master's of Education program is studied, with students being surveyed regarding their experiences with collaboration in the online courses. Results of the study are discussed, along with recommendations for establishing a sense of community in the online environment. Recommendations include structuring introductory activities for the instructor and students, providing opportunities for authentic collaboration and communication through tools such as blogs and wikis, and following guidelines for establishing effective group projects in an online class. Suggestions for future research are also included. Overall, a case is made for the importance of creating meaningful, collaborative experiences for students within the context of class content in online courses.

Egor Artemovich Skvortsov

The paper analyses the prospects of applying artificia l intelligenc e (AI ) technologie s i n agricultur e o f Sverdlovs k oblast. This topic is currently relevant, as in the context of the rapid technological development and various innovations in the digital sphere; there is still considerable uncertainty about using AI in agricultural production. During the preparatory phase, an analysis of publications in the Web of Science (WoS) allowed to identify the nature and scope of the application of AI technologies in agriculture. Relying on a survey of managers from 55 agricultural organizations, the study determines the problems and prospects of using AI technologies in the regional agriculture. The respondents claim it is appropriate to use AI technologies for producing livestock products (26.0 %) and ensuring animal welfare (18.5 %). Considering the application of such technologies, the respondents expect an increase in production (23.2 %) and a decrease in costs (20.3 %). More than half of the respondents express their belief that AI technologists will significantly change agricultural production, reducing low-skilled labour employment while creating new jobs in the intellectual sphere. However, a positive perception of AI technologies may be the reason for somewhat unrealistic expectations from their use. A large part of the surveyed managers (65.5 %) presumes that these technologies will increase the production profitability, even though only 9.8% of the respondents are currently using them. The application of AI technologies in the regional agriculture is limited due to their high cost and the lack of funds. In order to overcome these constraints, it is necessary to increase state support and train staff. AI technologies will enable forecast accuracy in various areas of agriculture that will attract additional investments in the regional agriculture. Executive authorities can use the research results for creating programs of digital agriculture development.

Sahar Zabihidan, B. Shamshiri

For many years, the human need for the group, social life, and the impact of this form of life on mental health and body have been discussed. This is said to be less about loneliness and the role played by human beings. Loneliness is a global issue experienced by all humans more or less and with their lives. In other words, many people with races, cultures, social classes, and at different ages and times each experience some kind of loneliness. It is true that human being is an absolute social being and we always hear from the benefits of communication and satisfaction from it, But this should not be overlooked by the constructive and positive aspects of being alone, especially in education systems; Hence, this article was conducted with the aim of examining the opinions and views of Eric Forum on loneliness and analyzing its consequences in education. This research is part of qualitative research, which is done by analytical-deductive method. Findings indicate that Any social person with extensive communication does not necessarily have mental health; On the other hand, loneliness is not always a sign for malicious and anti-social characters, In other words, what is important is the difference between antisocial people and a group consciously choosing loneliness. Therefore, loneliness is an emotional feeling that in the case of balance, it can be constructive and lead to self-knowledge, the development of reflection thinking, self-consciousness and if it is to be extreme, there will be plenty of harm in the community, especially education systems

Justin B. Fung

Lawrence M. Friedman, NO Name

Adilabad is homeland of different tribal races that includes Gond, Thoti, Pradhan, Raj Gond, Addi, Sugali, Naikpod, Andh, Bagata and Kolam. Among these tribal communities the Kolam tribe is more sensitive to health and nutrition, health issues because of their diet, dependence on indigenous and forest produce. Prevalence of hunger and malnutrition among the children between age group four to ten is very high because of poor economical family background, unavailable of food grains and lack of transportation, due to their habitats at deep forest and hill track areas. The children’s health and nutrition is a sensitive core issues for these neglected aborigine population segment. The seriousness of this issue and their shrinking health condition as per 2001 census motivated us to do this work and the study was conducted during 2011-2012 in the forest belt of thiriani, Kerimery, Wankidi, jionoor and sirpur (U). Talukas about 500 subjects. The main objectives of this work are to identify nutritional status of the Kolam tribal school children (from 3 rd class to 5 th class) who have high malnutrition rate. The study was conducted in 50 villages and hamlets in four talukas. The study includes 500 children aged between eight years to twelve years. A simple survey instrument was used for collecting information regarding their diet, height, weight and age anthropometric test. Information was recorded fortnightly during all three seasons. The study shows that health and nutrition status of tribal children is very poor, it may be due to lack of nutritional diet and non-availability of health services and it was worst in remote inaccessible areas. Introduction Health and nutritional status are two crucial interlinked aspects of human development, which in turn interact with demographic variables in important ways. Malnutrition (a condition that occurs due to the intake of inadequate amount of nutrients leading to insufficient nourishment) continues to be a problem of considerable magnitude in most of the developing countries of the world. (Subal Das 2011).Malnutrition is a prevalent issue in all developing countries (Black et al 2003 and UNICEF1993). In India this is further aggressive and critical because of 8% ethnic share in 70% of rural population as reported by NNMB (1978) taking unbalanced diet because of poverty stress. The 18% of Indian population constitutes 170 million children below age six years (Rao et al 2005) and one third of this bulk is malnourished. India has a high infant mortality rate of 90 per 1000 children. The IMR shows increasing trend in tribal dominant states.The main health problems of the tribal areas according to studies are due to poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of safety drinking water and unhygienic living surroundings. Poor maternal and child health services and ineffective coverage of national health and nutritional services have been traced out in several studies as possible contributory factors to dismal health conditions prevailing among the tribal population in India. Material and Methods This was community based study covering the survey of 50 villages and hamlets having strong tribal base. These villages and hamlets are located at deep forest and hill track areas in Adilabad district. The district of Adilabad is the symbol of tribe in Andhra Pradesh. Once upon a time the Gond kings ruled this area and hence the area was and is known as Gond Rajyam. The Adilabad district was named after the ruler of Bijapur Sultan, Ali Adil Shah. The district was, for long, not a homogeneous unit and its component parts were ruled at different periods by dynasties namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas, Chalukyas of Badami, Chalukyas of Kalyani, Mughals, Bhosle Rajas of Nagpur and Asaf Jahis, besides the Gond Rajas of Sirpur and Chanda. Originally this was a subdistrict named Sirpur-Tandur which was created in A.D. 1872 with Edilabad (Adilabad), Rajura and Sirpur as its constituent talukas. In 1905, an independent district with headquarters at Adilabad was formed.

Jake Johnson

While Mormons as a group have always been distinctly white, practicing polygamy and forming quasi-socialist communities made them seem more in line with problematic races and ethnic groups than with respectable white Americans. Mormons consequently were characterized as an ethnic minority in musical comedies throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This chapter documents the remarkable path Mormons took to gain white, middle-class acceptability in the mid-twentieth century, using musical theater to transition from fringe polygamist sect to quintessential Americans. In examining the 1947 Mormon musical Promised Valley, which was modeled on the integrated musical model of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma! from three years earlier and the vocal ideology inscribed within Kurt Weill’s musical Lady in the Dark, this chapter shows how Mormon leaders used the concept of singing to position themselves as exemplars of American ideals of discipline, community, and family values. Collective and disciplined singing, therefore, becomes a metaphor for unity in postwar America. Mormons proved themselves American using what had by that time become a bastion of white, middle-class respectability in America--musical theater.

Station North Tool Library is first and foremost a space that provides low-cost access to tools and information to residents in the Station North Arts and Entertainment District of Baltimore, Maryland. Unique in the fact that the tool library has a maker-type workshop space and offers classes and open times for members to make and create. With a staff of four full-time employees and a total square footage of 2,000 ft2 (186 m2), the space is not large but has a strong presence in the community and a membership that numbers around 2,300 individuals. Membership is based on a sliding scale at $1 per $1000 of income. Learning communities are supported in the space through inclusivity of all members and a management flat-structure where everyone is treated with respect and dignity. This chapter explores the Station North Tool Library.

The Lighthouse Creativity Lab, a program of Lighthouse Community Public Schools (LCPS), is a school-based makerspace dedicated to serving the student population of Oakland, California. LCPS is a family of two schools, Lighthouse and Lodestar, which opened in 2002 and 2016 respectively. The schools were founded with the mission to provide a high-quality education to the largely Latino population, following the expeditionary learning framework that emphasizes community and critical thinking skills, both important factors in making. Over the last 5 years, making has moved from a high school course into a school-wide endeavor, with all K–4 classes hosting a mini-maker space in the classroom. Moreover, the Creativity Lab works closely with teachers to incorporate making into learning expeditions as well as offering making as an elective in the middle and high-school grades. Learning communities are created through the social aspect of working on specific projects and through preparation for events like the Maker Faire. This chapter explores the Lighthouse Creativity Lab.

Taiyi Sun, Tung-chiou Huang

Translingualism is a series of actions or steps of empowerment, and such kind of empowerment of us in our daily life might produce an environment that facilitates maturity and responsibility. Diverse races, languages, cultures, ethnicities, social classes, and religions are the fundamental features of interpersonal interactions and community structures. Life in Taiwan is an encounter with the blending of culture and nature, as well as different languages and cultures, and such kind of the circumstances have made everyone learn from one another in order to form positive heterogenous relationships with different peoples from various cultural backgrounds. The aim of this study is to indicate that the theme of translingualism is the concept of interdependence of languages and the transfer of the skills. What I meant is that it is possible for one in Taiwan to be able to speak several languages at a time. Speaking community languages well makes one lead a joyful life or more employable. To achieve this aim, the author has been sharing in my experiences of being multilingual in a multilingual daily life by applying the approach of action research to learn several different languages at a time. The phenomenological method was also been employed in my study, utilizing natural and qualitative description only because phenomenological method makes possible “a descriptive account of the essential structures of the directly given”. The result of this study must be considered great necessities by most of the peoples who would like to become multilingual, for it indicates that being multilingual means cultivating eternal capacity for the language learning.

Dana Marshall, Carol Freund-Taylor, P. Lammers et al.

The American Cancer Society estimates that 1,688,780 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2017 and that 600,920 people will die from their disease. The burden of cancer is disproportionately borne by the poor and underserved. Underrepresented minority physician scientists and clinician researchers are uniquely qualified to address these disparities as they have frequently experienced them in their own families and communities. As some portion of health disparities is rooted in socioeconomic status and lesser education, economically deprived and first generation college students of all races and ethnicities also experience these disparities. Unfortunately, the number of physicians who do research has been declining so the need for programs that educate students in the art and science of research is increasing. The Meharry Medical College Summer Program in Integrative Science and Cancer Research (MMC-SPiISCR) has provided Meharry medical students with the opportunity to participate in short-term cancer research experiences for eleven years. The program is unique in combining weekly half-day workshops at MMC, an historically black college or university, with a research experience supported by faculty mentors at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM),an institution that includes the Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, one of only 69 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers in the United States and District of Columbia. The workshops include topics emphasizing bioethics and responsible conduct of research as well as presentations by Meharry faculty on their cancer research, cancer disparities, cancer and big data and more. The overarching goal of this program is to inspire Meharry medical students to aspire to medical careers in academic medicine and/or careers that will ultimately include cancer research. To date, 73 MMC students have started and completed the program and 94% are from underrepresented minority groups. The male to female ratio reflects the male to female ratio of the class. Over half of the participants presented their work at meetings outside of the program including AACR National Meeting, AACR Science of Cancer Disparities, Society of Black Academic Surgeons, Student National Medical Association, American Medical Association Research Symposium, American Society for Clinical Oncology, KBRIN Bioinformatics Summit and the Meharry-Vanderbilt-TSU Cancer Partnership Annual Retreat. The students are authors on 27 manuscripts and these numbers are still growing as is the interest of program participants in doing a year of research. Surveys of both mentors and program participant mentees overwhelmingly support the strength of this program and participation in the future. This comprehensive program will go far towards fueling the physician-scientist pipeline with researchers whose life experiences mirror those of minority and underserved patients. Citation Format: Dana R. Marshall, Carol Freund-Taylor, Philip Lammers, Leon Dent, Samuel Adunyah, Billy Ballard. Meharry Medical College medical student summer program in integrative science and cancer research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5286.

Sergio Ivan Braticevic

En el presente documento se exhiben los resultados de distintos relevamientos sobre precios de la tierra y usos del suelo realizados en el área objeto; el propósito es identificar el proceso de valorización inmobiliaria durante los últimos doce años. Como principal derivación se muestra el fuerte crecimiento de las actividades turísticas, fenómeno que empujó hacia arriba los valores inmobiliarios. En correlato se registraron importantes transformaciones en la utilización del suelo y en las condiciones del hábitat. Asimismo, se observaron diversos cambios a lo largo del ejido urbano, donde se profundizaron situaciones tales como la segregación y fragmentación socio-espacial.  

Ahmad Izudin

This article will examine how progressive Islam’s reasoning can be a reference to free human beings from the exploitation and domination of social class? So what social movements can we do in the midst of crush the nation’s problems related to the exploitation of natural resources that increasingly vine? From this point on, I hope to get a meta-theory regulation that can be implied entirely for the benefit of society, in order to be free from exploitation and domination. To answer this important position, the discourse of social movements can be mapped into two, namely old social movement and new social movement. While Islam as a universal religion, there is no need to discuss theological-transcendental issues, but how the theology should create a new, more applicable avenue of dialectics to answer the question the rulers of powers domination. In the hope of a progressive, inclusive, open-minded, and pluralist theological doctrine. The results of this study may contribute to the development of science and the movement that became a turning point and reference in social change. Artikel ini hendak mengkaji bagaimana nalar Islam progresif yang dapat menjadi acuan untuk membebaskan manusia dari eksploitasi dan dominasi kelas sosial? Lantas gerakan sosial apa yang dapat kita lakukan di tengah himpitan persoalan bangsa terkait eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang kian menggurita? Dari titik ini, maka saya berharap mendapat satu regulasi metateori yang bisa diimplikasikan sepenuhnya untuk kepentingan masyarakat, agar bisa terbebas dari ekspolitasi dan dominasi. Untuk menjawab posisi penting ini, maka diskursus gerakan sosial dapat dipetakan menjadi dua, yakni old social movement dan new social movement. Sementara Islam sebagai agama universal, tidak perlu lagi membahas persoalan teologis-transendental, tetapi bagaimana teologi itu harus menciptakan ruang dealektika baru yang lebih aplikatif menjawab persoalan dominasi kekuasaan para penguasa. Dengan harapan munculnya doktrin teologis yang progresif, inklusif, open-minded, dan pluralis. Hasil kajian ini semoga memberikan kontribusi bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan gerakan yang menjadi titik balik dan acuan dalam perubahan sosial.