Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Wei Chen, Yuyu Zhou, Eleanor C. Stokes et al.

Morphological (e.g. shape, size, and height) and function (e.g. working, living, and shopping) information of buildings is highly needed for urban planning and management as well as other applications such as city-scale building energy use modeling. Due to the limited availability of socio-economic geospatial data, it is more challenging to map building functions than building morphological information, especially over large areas. In this study, we proposed an integrated framework to map building functions in 50 U.S. cities by integrating multi-source web-based geospatial data. First, a web crawler was developed to extract Points of Interest (POIs) from Tripadvisor.com, and a map crawler was developed to extract POIs and land use parcels from Google Maps. Second, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm named OneClassSVM was used to identify residential buildings based on landscape features derived from Microsoft building footprints. Third, the type ratio of POIs and the area ratio of land use parcels were used to identify six non-residential functions (i.e. hospital, hotel, school, shop, restaurant, and office). The accuracy assessment indicates that the proposed framework performed well, with an average overall accuracy of 94% and a kappa coefficient of 0.63. With the worldwide coverage of Google Maps and Tripadvisor.com, the proposed framework is transferable to other cities over the world. The data products generated from this study are of great use for quantitative city-scale urban studies, such as building energy use modeling at the single building level over large areas.

Nabil Ammari, Maryam Mehdi, Ahmed Alami Merrouni et al.

In this paper we conducted an experimental study to evaluate the impact of soiling on the temperature and electricity production of two photovoltaic technologies (Poly-Si and CdTe) under a hot semi-arid climate of Morocco. For this purpose, two modules -from each technology-were exposed for one year where one is cleaned every day and the other is left to accumulate soiling on its surface. In parallel, the electrical parameters, the weather data and the modules temperature were monitored using high precision instruments. Results show that the Poly-Si technology is highly affected by soiling in comparison to the CdTe where the measured daily Soiling ratio (SR) can reach 0.70 and 0.73 respectively. This values lead to a drop on the energy production of 15% for the Poly-Si and 13%. Regarding the modules temperature (Tm) results show that soiling has an impact on increasing the temperature for both technologies, but the Poly-Si module is more affected than the CdTe one, where the daily average temperature difference between the clean and the soiled modules is around 1.5 °C and 1.3 °C for both technologies, respectively.

Tiziana Primavera

Siamo giunti al 2022, si intravedono nel mondo XR tendenze di sviluppo considerevolmente significative, destinate pertanto a svilupparsi ed evolvere nei prossimi anni, e con esse stanno prendendo forma più concreta i vari aspetti della ricerca afferente al settore, soprattutto per quanto concerne il cosiddetto Design Esperienziale. Ciò che si verifica nell’interazione con i mondi artefatti immersivi ed interattivi costituisce una novità nel campo della percezione umana e pertanto ora che il sentiero di sviluppo delle tecnologie abilitanti sembra essersi stabilizzato e sulla via del perfezionamento, l’attenzione della ricerca si rivolge anche allo studio dei comportamenti umani nel processo interattivo con i nuovi ecosistemi.

Songshan Yue, Barry F. W. Croke, Daniel P. Ames

Alice Vacilotto, Rita Deiana, Paolo Mozzi

This paper reports the results of the multidisciplinary study carried out in the SE area of Ceggia, in the eastern part of the Venetian Plain. The area has been characterized, since ancient times, by numerous morphological transformation, due to the presence of lagoon and marshes, and interested by repeated reclamation. Aerial and satellite images have identified many natural and anthropogenic traces. From a geophysical point of view, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) combined with frequency-domain electromagnetic measurements (FDEM) can help to discriminate the spatial distribution of different buried structures in conductive systems. The electrical conductivity is, in fact, directly related to the soil moisture content. The multidisciplinary approach adopted in this context, with the results obtained thanks to the contribution of aerial and satellite images, historical cartography, archaeological survey, geophysical measurements, geomorphological characterization, and ¹⁴C dating, allow us to suggest a possible interpretation of the different traces highlighted in the studied area. This approach suggests a potentially useful and replicable methodology to study similar evidence, such as along the North Adriatic coast and in broad sectors of the Po Valley. The key issue, in this kind of system, lies, in fact, in the possibility to date and compare traces visible on the surface by remote sensing, establishing their interest from an archaeological and geomorphological point of view using an integration of field measurements. At the end of this research, the classification of the different anomalies found in this hydraulic variable context, thanks to the multidisciplinary approach here adopted, suggest new hypotheses for reading the complex history of this understudied area.

Yury F. LUKIN

The main purpose of the article is to study the problems of the functioning and competition of sea routes of cargo transportation in the Arctic region. Methodologically, the work is of a research nature within the framework of the global integrated and northern regional studies, based on interdisciplinarity and complexity. A complex of interdisciplinary tasks is synthesized: to show, against the background of the history of the development of the water area of the northern seas, begun in the era of Velikiy Novgorod, the priority of Russians in the Arctic; the geopolitical and economic significance of the new projects of the Northern Sea Transport Corridor (SMTC), the National Arctic Transport Line (NATL) at the present time; to reveal the presence of many actors in the Arctic region of planet Earth. Operating water area of the Northern Sea Route in 2012–2020 based on legislative acts 1998, 1999, 2012. And while it does not provide a significant share of international transit, it is developing as an internal sea route. The article analyzes the literature of domestic and foreign authors and primary sources, including: Novgorod Chronicles, cartography, current legal acts, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and departmental documents of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic, FSBI “Administration of the Northern Sea Route”, directorates Northern Sea Route of Rosatom State Corporation, International Monetary Fund (June 24, 2020), China White Book (2018), the Polar Silk Road project, etc. The plurality of sea routes for cargo transportation in the Arctic along the coast of Russia, off the coast of Canada, the Arctic Bridge, the Trans-Arctic sea route, the Polar Silk Road of China; modernization of the NSR infrastructure; implementation of investment projects of the oil and gas and mining complex of global significance generates new challenges and opportunities for the development of the Russian Arctic.

Zhaocong Wu, Nan Wang, Jie Shao et al.

Pipelines are an important part of urban infrastructure development. As part of a virtual globe (VG), the high-efficiency and high-quality visualization of 3D large-scale and high-density urban pipelines is of great importance. This paper proposes a GPU-based pipeline ray casting method for the visualization of urban-scale pipelines in the framework of a VG. The method involves the initial partitioning of the pipeline data into tiles, based on the relationship between the pipeline layer scale and the discrete global grid system (DGGSs). The pipeline centerline in each tile is then segmented and encoded, and a coarser pipeline bounding volume is subsequently constructed using a geometry shader. Finally, the fine 3D pipeline is rendered using a pixel shader. The results of the experimental implementation of the proposed method show that it satisfies the requirements for the multiscale visualization of pipelines in a VG. Moreover, compared with the traditional polygon-based method, the method facilitates a 20% increase in rendering frame rate for the same pixel level accuracy display effect. It also enables the visualization of the thickness of the 3D pipeline without any obvious effect on the rendering efficiency.

Jerzy B. Rogowski, Magdalena Klek

The article presents a method of determining the level of the seabed in the Polish reference system. The authors show how to determine the ellipsoidal height of the seabed using GNSS measurements and single-beam echo sounders. The authors propose the transition to the system of normal heights referred to the average level of the North Sea as defined by the tide-gauge in Amsterdam to be made using the EGM 2008 model and data from the official Polish quasi-geoid model as well as data from another model distributed by GUGiK (Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography). The article presents also potential errors of the presented method.

Marco Ciccacci, Giovanni Lombardo, Alberto Sabbi et al.

In the hypothesis of wanting to economize the consumption of land, applying to this aim a reasoning based on the exhaustibility of this resource, it is appropriate that it increases the intensity of use within the limits of the achievement of carrying capabilities (load capacity), which the portion of territory can support. The informative heritage offered by Istat is certainly valuable, as in the division of the territory into sections of Census is able to show changes in land use nationally. In fact, the allocation of variables detected in the various censuses, in reference to the minimum territorial unit, are able to qualify with measurable data concepts of urban areas rather than industrial or rural. In this respect, ISTAT classifies Census sections in four types which can be considered a great many broad categories of land use. In particular, this study proposes an analysis of the changes shown by the location of the town, which corresponds a higher population density. The methodology used by ISTAT for the demarcation of the resort towns starts from the observation of aerial photos, identifying areas containing buildings which are separated by a distance not exceeding 70 meters. Among the different types of evolution that occurred in residential areas, some are attributable exclusively to the improvement of the resolution of the material, so will be assessed properly the "convoluted" from the center of town to the other "lower-ranking". By overlapping sections used in censuses from 1991 to 2011, we obtain the expansion of urban previous polygons, which are attributed to the socio-demographic characteristics found in this survey. This procedure must be carefully evaluated before making the various comparisons, in order to avoid possible errors. In this preliminary study, we present some rough calculations, and critical cases that are going to develop in later works.

Santarsiero Domenico

The world of intelligent geography, namely the different applications in the past decade have brought digital geography and the world of geospatial information to the consumer market, is represented by three of the competitors in the computer industry and the new era dell`ICT: Google, Microsoft and Apple. The latter has released the MAPS system within the last four years (2012), first only on the iOS platform (iPhone and iPad) and later on its desktop OS, Mavericks. It is from then that MAPS, provided by default, represents the real revolution in the field of 3D Geospatial for the consumer market, a potentially infinite market, composed of billions of people who use smartphone, tablet or PC. The war of the maps still continues, even though the world of geomatics seems not to notice.

Maurizio Talamo, Franco Arcieri, Giancarlo Conia

Sistema di interscambio Catasto-Comuni I parte

Ievhen Ivanov, Ivan Kovalchuk

Ivanov Ievhen, Kovalchuk Ivan. Деструкція гірничопромислових ландшафтів = The destruction of mining landscapes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):369-392. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.53161 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3530     The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2016. Revised 25.05.2016. Accepted: 25.05.2016.   Деструкція гірничопромислових ландшафтів The destruction of mining landscapes   Євген Іванов, Іван Ковальчук Ievhen Ivanov, Ivan Kovalchuk   Євген Іванов – кандидат географічних наук, доцент, докторант кафедри конструктивної географії і картографії Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка. Іван Ковальчук – доктор географічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри геодезії та картографії Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України. Eugen Ivanov – candidate of geographical science, docent, doctoral student of the Department of Constructive Geography and Cartography, Ivan Franko National University of L’viv. Ivan Kovalchuk – doctor of geographical science, professor, head of the Department of Geodesy and Cartography, National University of bioresources and nature use of Ukraine.   Анотація. Розглянуто актуальні питання деструкції гірничопромислових ландшафтних систем. Акцентовано увагу на проблемах наукової термінології, зокрема на співвідношенні понять деструкції і деградації гірничопромислових геосистем. Охарактеризовано прояв деструктивних процесів та явищ в межах постмайнінгових ландшафтних систем. При цьому виявлено співвідношення і переважаючий напрямок основних видів міграційних потоків. Проаналізовано особливості зникнення і смерті кар’єрів, відвалів, відстійників, хвостосховищ та інших гірничопромислових територій та об’єктів. Існує три варіанти зникнення геосистем, які умовно називає розчиненням, перекриванням і заміщенням місця ландшафту. Про появу нових геосистем на місці гірничопромислових ландшафтів може свідчити зміна її господарського чи функціонального призначення. На основі аналізу деструктивних процесів та явищ, розглянуто варіанти ліквідації гірничовидобувних підприємств, запропоновано підходи щодо оптимізації постмайнінгових геосистем. Напрям оптимізаційних робіт (рекультивація чи ревіталізація) слід визначати для різних районів розроблення корисних копалин з урахуванням інтенсивності прояву деструктивних процесів та явищ, природно-географічних та соціально-економічних умов регіону.   Ключові слова: деструкція, деградація, гірничопромислова ландшафт, постмайнінговий ландшафт, ревіталізація, оптимізація.   Abstract. In the article considered actual questions of mining landscape systems destruction. Accented attention on problems of scientific terminology, in particular on interrelation of destruction and degradation of mining geosystems definitions. Also, characterize display of destructive processes and phenomena within post-mining landscape systems. After research found interrelation and dominant direction of migration flows main kinds. Analyzed features of quarries dumps, septic tanks, tailings and other mining areas and objects disappearance and death. Exist three variants of geosystems disappearance conventionally called dissolution, overlap and substitution of landscape place. The appearance of new geosystems on-site mining landscapes may indicate a change of the economic or functional purposes. Based on analysis of destructive processes and phenomena discussed options for liquidation of mining companies, suggested approaches for optimizing post-mining geosystems. Direction of optimization works (recultivation or revitalization) should be defining for different mineral resources development areas on basis of display intensity of destructive processes and phenomena, natural geographic and socio-economic conditions of the region.   Key words: destruction, degradation, mining landscape, post-mining landscape, revitalization, optimization.

B. Michel

In der Forschung zur Geschichte der Geographie besteht eine auffällige Leerstelle bezüglich antisemitischen Denkens vor 1945. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht die Rolle und Funktion antisemitischer Elemente in der deutschsprachigen Geographie des Landschaftsparadigmas vor 1945 nachzuzeichnen. Es wird die These vertreten, dass die antisemitische Figur des Judentums als einem raum- und bodenlosen Volk, nicht nur tief in das geographische Denken eingelagert ist, sondern mit der seit 1918 stark antimodernen und abstraktionsfeindlichen Ausrichtung der Disziplin das Judentum gerade auch als Personifikation für die verhassten Momente von Modernisierung, Liberalismus und Urbanität fungiert. Wenn antisemitisches Denken im Vergleich zu nationalistischen und eurozentrischen Momenten auf den ersten Blick relativ unsichtbar erscheint, so liegt eine Ursache für diese geringe Sichtbarkeit im geringen Interesse landschaftskundlicher Geographie an Stadtgeographie und Prozessen der gesellschaftlichen Modernisierung.

Nedjeljko Frančula, Dražen Tutić

<p>Nature, one of the most prominent scientific journals dedicated one of its issues to recent changes in scientific publishing (Vol. 495, Issue 7442, 27 March 2013). Its editors stressed that words technology and revolution are closely related when it comes to scientific publishing. In addition, the transformation of research publishing is not as much a revolution than an attrition war in which all sides are buried. The most important change they refer to is the open-access model in which an author or an institution pays in advance for publishing a paper in a journal, and the paper is then available to users on the Internet free of charge.</p><p>According to preliminary results of a survey conducted among 23 000 scientists by the publisher of Nature, 45% of them believes all papers should be published in open access, but at the same time 22% of them would not allow the use of papers for commercial purposes. Attitudes toward open access vary according to scientific disciplines, leading the editors to conclude the revolution still does not suit everyone.</p>

U. Strohmayer

In search of transnational scholarship and languages within human geography, the so-called ''Quantitative Revolution'' of the 1960s arguably holds considerable pride of place. More than previous innovations within geography, which were largely bounded within (and by) national intellectual traditions, the innovate practices associated with the 1960s arguably hold a key to understanding how intellectual traditions become shared traditions and as such enrich both national and international research practices. The present paper uses insights gleaned from the 1960s in the context of a geography still oscillating between ''structural-'' and ''event-driven'' forms of explanation in an attempt better to understand pronounced (if historically uneven) interweavings of national traditions that shape discourses and practices in human geography across the globe. Part of this analysis will focus on the importance of structures and careers in the making of such traditions, thereby contextualising the widely shared notion of an ''Anglo-Saxon hegemony'' currently prevailing in human geographical theoretically informed practices. Throughout, the paper focuses on the task of editing a journal like <i>Geographica Helvetica</i> as a transnational journal interested in bridging traditions formed by particular languages across Europe and beyond.

R. Skelton

Giorgio Perrotta

Earth observation instruments for satellite remote sensing This article features a brief description of the instrumentation  families commonly used during Earth Observation activities. The optical exploration of our planet, already anticipated more than 50 years ago at the beginning of the exploration era with the first analogic photographic instrumentation, is now complemented by sophisticated instruments that work under the domain of radio  waves in order to produce informations useful fo a wide variety of applications.

G. R. Crone

J. Corbett

M. J. Kraak