Hasil untuk "Building construction"

K. Kwan, Esther Fujimoto, C. Grabher et al.

Haozhen Cheng, Jan Stock, André Xhonneux et al.

Improving energy efficiency by monitoring system behavior and predicting future energy scenarios in light of increased penetration of renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important, especially for energy systems that distribute and provide heat. On this background, digital twins of cities become paramount in advancing urban energy system planning and infrastructure management. The use of recorded energy data from sensors in district digital twins in collaborative co-simulation platforms is a promising way to analyze detailed system behavior and estimate future scenarios. However, the development and coupling of multi-physics energy system models need to be validated before they can be used for further in-depth analyses. In the present paper, a new multi-physics/-modal and highly configurable building model is presented. Its accuracy and reliability are validated by comparison with data from the TABULA project, ensuring its relevance and applicability to real-world scenarios. The modularity and flexibility with regard to the system configurability of the developed building model is evaluated on various real building types. In addition, the applicability of the building model in a multi-energy system is highlighted by implementing the model in a collaborative co-simulation setup and by coupling it to a district heating grid model in yearly co-simulations. The simulation results for the proposed multi-physical/-modal building modeling concept show a very high level of agreement compared to published reference building data and can therefore be used individually as flexible and modular building models including both thermal and electrical systems for future sector-coupled energy system analyses in view of sustainability.

Sergey M. Dymov, Maxim V. Vishchekin, Aleksandr M. Aleksandrov et al.

The article discusses changes in the design of the jumping-sheet from the 19th century to the present. The main positive and negative design features of the jumping-sheet are determined. The calculation of the efforts that arise on the hands of firefighters when a person falls on a jumping-sheet is made. The descriptions of the most common and promising models of jumping-sheet are given.

Mostafa Fadaeefath Abadi, Mohammad Javad Bordbari, Fariborz Haghighat et al.

Data Centers (DCs) are critical infrastructures that support the digital world, requiring fast and reliable information transmission for sustainability. Ensuring their reliability and efficiency is essential for minimizing risks and maintaining operations. This study presents a novel availability-driven approach to optimizing maintenance costs in DC Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems configured in a parallel k-out-of-n arrangement. The model integrates reliability and availability metrics into a dynamic optimization framework, determining the optimal number of components needed to achieve the desired availability while minimizing maintenance costs. Through simulations and a case study by utilizing variable failure rates and monthly maintenance costs, the model achieves a combined system availability of 99.991%, which exceeds the Tier 1 DC requirement of 99.671%. A sensitivity analysis, incorporating ±10% variations in Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), and maintenance costs, was conducted to demonstrate the model’s robustness and adaptability across diverse operational conditions. The analysis also evaluates how different k-out-of-n UPS system configurations influence overall availability and maintenance costs. Additionally, feasible k-out-of-n configurations that achieve the required system availability while balancing operational costs were examined. Furthermore, the optimal number of UPS components and their associated minimum costs were compared across different DC tiers, highlighting the impact of varying availability requirements on maintenance strategies. These results showcase the model’s effectiveness in supporting critical maintenance planning, providing DC managers with a robust tool for balancing operational expenses and uptime.

Diah Cahyani Permana Sari, Mokhamad Syaom Barliana, Rr. Tjahyani Busono et al.

Architectural design holds a pivotal role in shaping the development of university campuses. This study critically examines the extent to which the architectural plans of four campuses correspond with the conceptual framework of an educational campus. The evaluation of design quality is crucial, as it significantly influences both academic and non-academic environments, thereby contributing to the overall enhancement of higher education quality. Adopting a mixed methods research (MMR) approach, the initial phase employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish the Priority Design Principles for Educational Campuses. Subsequently, the quantitative phase focuses on formulating a decision-making model to assess the quality of the educational atmosphere through the application of a fuzzy logic system. The findings of this research reveal that the top three design criteria, identified as having the highest priority, serve as the basis for developing a comprehensive model to evaluate campus designs grounded in the educational campus paradigm. These three key criteria functions as benchmarks for determining whether a campus’s architectural design satisfies the essential standards of an educational campus. An empirical assessment conducted across four university campuses indicates that only the campus design of Malikussaleh University falls short of meeting the educational campus design criteria. In contrast, the remaining three universities have successfully adhered to the principles underpinning the educational campus concept.

Tiancheng Wang, Mosha Zhao, Yu Lan et al.

Reflective materials, characterized by high albedo and thermal emissivity, offer effective passive cooling strategies for reducing building energy demand. While prior studies have developed thermal transfer models validated under laboratory conditions or conducted short-term monitoring in non-air-conditioned spaces, their effectiveness in operational buildings remains underexplored. This research evaluates the change in cooling energy demand and indoor thermal comfort in a retrofitted office building with reflective materials in China’s Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) zone. The calibrated WUFI^®Plus simulations show that the application of reflective roof and window materials can result in an 11.3% reduction in cooling energy demand. Moreover, occupant surveys indicate improved thermal perception, with the mean Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV) rising from −0.75 to −0.30, thermal acceptability increasing from 0.10 to 0.35, and 80% of occupants reporting cooler conditions. These subjective results align with simulated Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) reductions (0.82 → 0.74), confirming the retrofit’s effectiveness. While the energy savings are more modest than those reported in Mediterranean climates, they are generally consistent with the energy saving ratios of buildings in the HSCW region as evaluated by previous studies. This study provides a framework for assessing retrofits in occupied buildings with reflective materials and indicates the practicality of such retrofits as an economic, low-disruption strategy for upgrading aging office building stocks in the HSCW zone.

Mohammadreza Kamali, K. Hewage

Henrique F. de Arruda, Sandro M. Reia, Shiyang Ruan et al.

Building type information is crucial for population estimation, traffic planning, urban planning, and emergency response applications. Although essential, such data is often not readily available. To alleviate this problem, this work creates a comprehensive dataset by providing residential/non-residential building classification covering the entire United States. We propose and utilize an unsupervised machine learning method to classify building types based on building footprints and available OpenStreetMap information. The classification result is validated using authoritative ground truth data for select counties in the U.S. The validation shows a high precision for non-residential building classification and a high recall for residential buildings. We identified various approaches to improving the quality of the classification, such as removing sheds and garages from the dataset. Furthermore, analyzing the misclassifications revealed that they are mainly due to missing and scarce metadata in OSM. A major result of this work is the resulting dataset of classifying 67,705,475 buildings. We hope that this data is of value to the scientific community, including urban and transportation planners.

Liviu PRUNA, Andrei SLONOVSCHI

The paper presents a set of equations that stands to the basis of a computer program and to the software themselves, that offers to the user the possibility to automatic draw the arcs used to approximate the representation of a chamfer hexagonal prism. Also, the authors present the way to use software that generates the arcs that approximate hyperbolas resulting on a chamfered hexagonal prism.

Hélène Rey Valette, Alexandre Richard, Laura Michel et al.

The increase in coastal risks associated with rising sea levels calls for dynamic adaptation measures to reorganise coastal territory. The challenges of appropriating measures and putting them into practice are major. They are multi-level and at the crossroads of different policies: land use planning, tourism, risk management and so on. Faced with these challenges, this article reports on a co-construction process towards a policy of spatial integrated managed retreat in the context of the Occitanie region and its governance. In practice, this resulted in the co-construction of a shared regional framework, building a community of practice and adapting territorial governance arrangements. This article offers a reflective analysis of this co-construction. Firstly, the process (30 months in total) is transcribed by means of a chronicle, detailing the diversity and complementarity of methods and approaches that have been used. The main achievements (common definition, principles of action, scale of intervention, temporal typology of actions) and the choice of a governance framework are then presented and discussed on how they could contribute to gradually build a community of practice as well as the types of constraints encountered. The contributions towards the community of practice are analysed in terms of knowledge sharing, pooling and collective learning. This reflective analysis provides lessons for local stakeholders and, more broadly, for the transition of coastal territory.

Dong Zhou, Bida Pei, Xueqin Li et al.

Abstract Within the global architecture, engineering, and construction industry, the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has significantly expanded. However, given the unique characteristics of road infrastructure, the application of BIM technology is still being explored. This article focuses on the Yuanchen Expressway, exploring innovative applications of BIM technology in comprehensive construction management. The project employs advanced technologies, including BIM, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Internet of Things (IoT), to precisely identify critical nodes and breakthroughs. Supported by a detailed BIM model and a multi-level, diversified digital management platform, the project effectively addresses construction challenges in multiple tunnels, bridges, and complex interchanges, achieving intelligent construction innovation throughout the Yuanchen Expressway with BIM technology. By guiding construction through BIM models, utilizing a BIM+GIS-based management cloud platform system, and employing VR safety briefings, the project effectively reduces the difficulty of communication and coordination in project management, shortens the project measurement cycle, improves on-site work efficiency, and ensures comprehensive control and safety management. This article provides an exemplary case for the application of full-line construction management using BIM technology in the highway sector both in China and globally, offering new perspectives and strategies for highway construction management.

Hanlin Li, Xiaoguang Jin, Guodong Sun et al.

Aiming to address the problem of construction and environmental risks in tunnel construction through the soil–rock mixture backfill area, this paper carried out a seismic dynamic response model test of a pile-supported tunnel based on practical projects. Firstly, the stress–strain curves and failure characteristics of the soil–rock mixture in the study area were obtained through triaxial tests, and based on this, similar materials for the model test were developed. Then, a vibration table model test was devised to investigate the seismic dynamic response of the pile–tunnel structure. The findings revealed the following: when subjected to seismic waves, the soil–rock mixture stratum displayed a “skin effect” in its acceleration response, indicating that closer proximity to the surface led to heightened horizontal acceleration responses; the horizontal peak acceleration of the grouting mixture stratum in the vertical direction exhibited a “Zigzag” pattern; the peak values of strain response and bending moment in the tunnel lining cross-section exhibited an “X” shape and inverted “V” shape, respectively. The bending moment at the pile crown increased alongside the peak value of the input seismic wave acceleration. The maximum surface settlement in the model ranged from 0.5 to 1 cm, with the tunnel–pile structure effectively mitigating surface settlement.

Rashmi Manandhar, Jin-Hee Kim, Jun-Tae Kim

ABSTRACT Bamboo is a natural building material that can be found in the tropical to mild temperate regions. It has been used from ancient times for its natural strength and flexibility. The renewed interest during the 1980s in bamboo as a construction material has revitalized bamboo not only as a cheap material but also as a durable material. Many bamboo-based building materials have also been developed which is more suitable for the modern construction needs. Bamboo has many environmental benefits which has made it a favorite green building material. This review critically studies not only the environmental aspects when bamboo is used as a building material but also its social and economic aspects, to understand its sustainability impact. Graphical Abstract

A. Braun, A. Borrmann

Abstract Image-based object detection provides a valuable basis for site information retrieval and construction progress monitoring. Machine learning approaches, such as neural networks, are able to provide reliable detection rates. However, labeling of training data is a tedious and time-consuming process, as it must be performed manually for a substantial number of images. The paper presents a novel method for automatically labeling construction images based on the combination of 4D Building Information Models and an inverse photogrammetry approach. For the reconstruction of point clouds, which are often used for progress monitoring, a large number of pictures are taken from the site. By aligning the Building Information Model and the resulting point cloud, it is possible to project any building element of the BIM model into the acquired pictures. This allows for automated labeling as the semantic information of the element type is provided by the BIM model and can be associated with the respective regions. The labeled data can subsequently be used to train an image-based neural network. Since the exact regions for all elements are defined, labels can be generated for basic tasks like classification as well as more complex tasks like semantic segmentation. To prove the feasibility of the developed methods, the labeling procedure is applied to several real-world construction sites, providing over 30,000 automatically labeled elements. The correctness of the assigned labels has been validated by pixel based area comparison against manual labels.

Yilei Shi, Qinyu Li, Xiaoxiang Zhu

Building footprint information is an essential ingredient for 3-D reconstruction of urban models. The automatic generation of building footprints from satellite images presents a considerable challenge due to the complexity of building shapes. Recent developments in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have enabled accurate pixel-level labeling tasks. One central issue remains, which is the precise delineation of boundaries. Deep architectures generally fail to produce fine-grained segmentation with accurate boundaries due to progressive downsampling. In this work, we have proposed a end-to-end framework to overcome this issue, which uses the graph convolutional network (GCN) for building footprint extraction task. Our proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Shushunova Natalia, Lisienkova Liubov, Rodionova Svetlana et al.

The modern construction pay attention to fundamentally new requirements, the quality of products and service and improve the quality management system of green building and environmental safety facilities. The integration of new energy efficient technologies and energy efficient buildings is one of the priority options in the development of modern cities. The article use the methods of comparative analysis of the various international standards of green buildings and eco-certification of greening systems were applied, based on a risk-based approach. Risks are calculated using complex methods. The assessment of green building sustainability was considered as is a key factor of reducing technogenic risks and be the guarantee that the green building is environmentally friendly. The analysis showed the main regulatory and technical documents used in the construction of buildings with the use of greening systems, considered the basic safety requirements when working at height, and also evaluated the application of standards in the field of environmental certification of materials of new technologies used, developed by authors.The ecological certificate allows to increase the competitiveness of products in the market, which is economically beneficial.The principles of green building are aimed at creating a healthy and comfortable environment due to a large amount of daylight and fresh air.

Erza Rahma Hajaty, Antony Sihombing, Evawani Ellisa

Idealnya anak-anak berinteraksi pada ruang-ruang yang telah disediakan dengan kondisi fisik ruang yang nyaman dan aman untuk anak-anak. Namun anak-anak dapat memiliki kehendak untuk menentukan ruang-ruang interaksi yang disukainya. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana neighborhood anak-anak membentuk ruang interaksi dan dimana posisi yang mereka sukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory berlokasi di salah satu permukiman di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa anak-anak dalam menentukan ruang interaksi dilatarbelakangi oleh keseharian yang meliputi tanggung jawab, aktivitas yang disukai, aktivitas berkumpul; serta kebebasan yang meliputi kebebasan mengkonsumsi waktu dan kebebasan mengkonsumsi ruang. Posisi yang disukai pada ruang interaksi adalah di sekitar lapangan badminton dan di sepanjang pinggiran taman. Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi arsitek permukiman agar dapat merancang setiap sisi ruang sebagai kemungkinan menjadi ruang interaksi yang sesuai dengan pikiran dan kehendak anak-anak. Studi ini juga bermanfaat untuk dapat meningkatkan level neighborhood anak-anak.