Hasil untuk "Biography"

Mehdi Bagheri, Muhammad Khakpur

IntroductionIn the 18th and 19th centuries AD, during the Timurid era in India, the subcontinent achieved a prominent position due to the presence of nobles and people of culture, relying on the history of its civilization, as well as a correct understanding of Iranian-Islamic civilization and studying a mixture of these two cultures. Studying and analyzing the works of literary elites of this period in various fields such as linguistics, literary criticism, lexicography, description of texts and Persian grammar confirms this claim. In these works, the element of nationality and supremacy of Iranian writers such as Hazin Lahiji was taken into consideration, while Indian writers stood up to defend their opinions and literary collections. One of the great writers who was able to play an influential role in the subcontinent along with great people like Siraj al-Din Ali Khan Arzu, Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami, and Munir Lahori is Imam Bakhsh Sahbai. He has created works in the field of text description, rhetoric, linguistics, and literary criticism, each of which include new insights, and offer new paths for further explorations. The works left by Sahbai show his knowledge and mastery in the conventional techniques of speech, research in Persian vocabulary and terms, text research, perfecting the art of riddles, and the description of Persian books and messages. Despite the considerable achievements of Sahbai, no comprehensive research has been done about his life, works, and thoughts. This article aims to take a small step in introducing him and his contributions. Literature ReviewSo far, three books have been written in Urdu and three articles have been written in Urdu, English, and Farsi, some of which are hasty transcriptions of the contents of those books. The books, which are among the first-hand sources, are Imam Bakhsh Sahbai by Khawaja Muhammad Hamed, Sahbai: A Brief Introduction by Muhammad Ansarullah, and Imam Bakhsh Sahbai Ki Adabi Khadamat by Muhammad Zakir Hussain. In these three works, useful information can be obtained about Sahbai’s life, the circumstances of his martyrdom, and his students; Nevertheless, due to their rarity and being in Urdu, it is difficult for researchers to use them. although the authors of these works provide useful insights about Sahbai, they do not analyze his linguistic and literary views in the text and merely state the subject of the works.The scholarly article “'Bringing Spring to Sahbai's Rose-Garden': Persian Printing in North India after 1857” written by Zahra Shah and published in the book The Global Histories of Books: Methods and Practices deals with the life and works of Imam Bakhsh Sahbai, as well as the significant contributions of his students, especially Monshi-e-Din Dayal and Dehram Narin, and the services of these two loyal students in collecting and lithographic printing of the works of their master. Additionally, the author reveals the personal goals and ambitions of people like Nawab Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān al-Qannawjī and the East Indian conspiracies in preventing the publication and promotion of literary works, especially those of Sahbai, in Persian.In 2018, Mehdi Rahimpour published an article titled “Sahbai” in the fifth volume of the Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature in the Indian Subcontinent. This article briefly discusses Sahbai's life and works, highlighting his literary and linguistic characteristics; however, the life events, the circumstances and reasons of Sahbai's martyrdom, his students and their influence in the subcontinent are not addressed. Another article written in Farsi is “Imam Bakhsh Sahbai: The First Persian Teacher of Delhi College” by Seyyedah Balqis Fatemeh Hosseini and published in the book Delhi in the Mirror of Persian Literature under the supervision of Rehana Khatun. Additionally, Pakistani writer Rukhsana Saba authored an article titled “Imam Bakhsh Sahbai: His Life, Works, and Death” published in the Urdu Development Association magazine, volume 95, number 1. Written in Urdu, this article is a summary of the three previously mentioned books and its important feature is the description of some events of the 1857 Delhi revolution and how Sahbai was martyred by the British. MethodologyIn writing this article and describing the events of Imam Bakhsh Sahbai's period, in addition to referring to the few sources written in Persian, we have cited various others in Urdu and English. We have tried to describe Sahbai's life, circumstances, and thought by referring to the available sources and criticizing and analyzing them to determine his scientific, linguistic, and literary position in the subcontinent. In parallel with the discussion of Sahbai's feelings and emotions, passions and desires, needs and wishes, we also examine his knowledge and scientific, cultural, and social relations. This article examines Sahbai's life and works focusing on several components: 1- The impact of genetic and other influential factors such as intelligence, talent, heredity; 2- The effect of education on the flourishing of Sahbai's talent; 3- The influence of the era and the living environment of Sahbai; 4- Experiences and mental abilities, knowledge, power of perception and thinking; 5- The role of Sahbai’s students in promoting the Persian language in the subcontinent; 6- Sahbai's works. DiscussionThe characteristics of the literary figures of the subcontinent in the 18th century, shaped by the rich culture ruling the area, include sobriety, contentment, appreciation, and etiquette. In addition to these characteristics, seclusion, unity of thought, and relentless work ethic which Iqbal Lahori describes as “blood of liver” are the notable behavioral and scientific attributes of this group, including Sahbai. In his treatise Mathmar, Khan Arzu examines different dialects, then investigates the works and status of Persian poets and raises the question “Are the works of Persian writers of India considered documented?”. On page 34 of his treatise, Arzu asserts that only those who have worked hard to become among the people of language and are “able to speak” are reliable. In fact, Sahbai was one of those eloquent speakers who spent his life until his martyrdom on the path of learning and writing numerous works in various fields such as text description, grammar, discursive trial and debate, and also in order to train scholarly students, each of whom was unique in his time. After Khan Arzu, literary criticism and linguistics reached new heights with Sahbai.ConclusionAs a result of his genius, research on Persian and Arabic texts and a remarkable memory, Sahbai is considered an opinionated and precise thinker, as well as an innovative critic.Sahbai's writings about Tarshizi's works such as Sharh-i Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri and Sharh-i Minabazar alongside his critical treatises like Nata’ij-i-Afkar, I‘la’-al-Haq, and Qol Faisal are of great importance among his prose works.

Monther Abdulkarim Ahmad Al-Qudah

This research paper highlights the Introduction to Aziz al- Tafasir and reviews scholarly contribution of Shaikh Sultan Aziz (1936-2013) in the field of exegesis. He is one of the famous Pashtun scholars who lived in the 20th century in Afghanistan. The cited work is the main contemporary exegetical work in the Pashto language which comprises of 13 volumes. This analytical study of interpretation focuses on deriving the true spirit of the message of Islam. The article sheds light on his biography as well and brings forth his phenomenal contribution in reforming Afghan society. Hereby an attempt is being made to offer a review of Aziz al-Tafseer through descriptive mode of study and evaluation.

I. G. Ivantsov, I. V. Dubinin

Historical studies of provincial everyday life are becoming increasingly popular not only among historians, but also cause interest among readers. In such surveys, the role of sources is very important, including the preserved materials of personal origin, especially when it concerns the long -gone age of the XIX.The article is devoted to the correspondence of Diomid Nesterovich Popka (1789–1872), Archpriest of the Timashevsky Kuren with his son, from 1857 to 1870, the future general-lieutenant of the Kuban Cossack army, one of the first historians of Chernomory, the author of a number of literary works, books and articles on the history of the Black Sea, Kuban, and Terek Cossack troops – Ivan Diomidovich Popko (1819–1893), who served during that period in St. Petersburg, in the 2nd squadron of the Life Guards of the Black Sea Cossack Division, then located as commander of the Psekup regiment of the Kuban Cossack troops based in the village of Keyvoye, the Kuban region. Russian historians paid a lot of attention to various facts from his life rich in events. However, his relations with loved ones and relatives were given little attention. In addition, many controversial facts of his biography were not fully revealed. Therefore, it is very interesting to learn about his life and relationships with his father from their correspondence, where he acts as an obedient and respectful son.In the State Archive of the Stavropol Territory, in the Foundation 377, the authors of the article revealed five letters of Diomid Nesterovich addressed to his son, all written from Kurenaya Timashevsky. They served the main source base for the article. The letters contribute to a broader understanding of relationships within the family, close friends and the relatives of the general, whom he tried to patronize his whole long life, because he had proper financial opportunities and moral authority.

Fernandes, Andreia, Salgueiro, Ana

Em maio de 1902, Fernando Pessoa visitava pela primeira e única vez Angra do Heroísmo e a ilha Terceira. Assinalando os 120 anos desta viagem, e revisitando o processo que, em 1972, levou à identificação da casa onde, numa rua perto do mar, o jovem Fernando e a família foram acolhidos (a casa da tia Anica e do primo Mário), propomo-nos recuperar documentos que atestam essa visita e analisar o modo como, ao longo do tempo, o sistema cultural açoriano tem vindo a reinscrever esse episódio biográfico (que, afinal, foi também bibliográfico), assim como a ligação familiar de Pessoa à ilha Terceira, na memória cultural do arquipélago. Situamo-nos no campo dos estudos de receção da obra pessoana (nos Açores), procurando compreender em que medida esse reiterado processo de reinscrição mnemónica configurou o retrato de um Pessoa quase “poeta açoriano”.

Andrew Piper

This dataset includes derived data on a collection of ca. 2,700 books in English published between 2001–2021 and spanning 12 different genres. The data was manually collected to capture popular writing aimed at a range of different readerships across fiction (1,934) and non-fiction (820). Genres include forms of cultural capital (bestsellers, prizewinners, elite book reviews), stylistic affinity (mysteries, science fiction, biography, etc.), and age-level (middle-grade and young adult). The dataset allows researchers to explore the effects of audience, genre, and instrumentality (i.e., fictionality) on the stylistic behavior of authors within the recent past across different classes of professionally published writing.

E. B. Sakharova

The purpose of this article is to research the continental prototypesfor Fujiwara-no Kamatari Biography (the main part of “Toshi Kaden”/“TheFujiwara House Biography”). Kamatari was the key political figure of his timeand one of the Japanese statehood fathers. Whereas the Chinese prototypes arewell investigated, we could not say so about the Korean ones. However, Kamatariis compared with both Chinese and Korean statesmen. It is for this reason, thatthe paper focuses on the analysis of the possible Korean prototypes.

Hager, Willi H., Hutter, Kolumban, Castro-Orgaz, Oscar

Joseph Boussinesq is among the great physicists of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, mainly due to his novel techniques to mathematically solve complicated equations by an adopted method of approximations. He has scientifically worked in all fields of physics, except for electro-dynamics. His writings are difficult to read due to overlong sentences and complicated formulations. He therefore does not count to the readers’ favorite author.Boussinesq’s work can, alternatively, be approached by a correspondence between two 19th century scientists, de Saint-Venant and Boussinesq. Their well-known papers are thus commented from the point of development of their theories; the input of both scientists is evidenced by their writings, and comments of both to each other. The age difference of the two was 45 years, the experienced engineer de Saint-Venant, and the mathematician Boussinesq, two eminent researchers, met to discuss not only problems in hydraulics, but in physics generally. In addition, their correspondence embraced questions in ethics, religion, history of sciences, and personal news.The life of Boussinesq is poorly documented, given his shyness and his privacy. The letters of the Correspondence reveal many details, however, that this venue was selected as the basis of this paper, ending with Saint-Venant’s death in 1886. The topics discussed include Boussinesq’s early career until Saint-Venant became part of his life, by asking questions on one of his first papers. They felt attached to each other, so that numerous letters were exchanged. Although others are missing in the Correspondence, the entire collection allows for an almost complete view on the life and career of Boussinesq. His years at the College of Gap and at the University of Lille are considered. The last days of Saint-Venant are commented then both in terms of the master of mechanics, and his great steps made for Boussinesq to enter the Sorbonne University in Paris. The present work is concluded with a hardly known obituary of more private than professional origin, by which the many facts are evidenced by one of his friends.

Alaa A. Zobea علاء عبد الدائم زوبع, Ali Mohamed Rashed علي محمد رشيد

The novel " trumpet in the valley " is one of the novels that has attracted the attention of critics and researchers around the world for its new and daring ideas and visions about the Arab-Israeli conflict and its connection to the Israeli reality and its treatment of the Zionist movement and its effects on the psyche of the Israeli individual. The novel is a triumph over the hatred and hatred that is printed on the heart of the heroine of the novel, and it has been overturned by love and faith to the same advocate of peace and love as the author aspires to. But the death of the hero in the novel has turned the result upside down and hence the title of the research is based on (forbidden love .... read in the novel "a trumpet in the valley), and the study came in a preface and two papers and a conclusion of the most prominent results dealt with the preface: biography of the distinguished writer and most important The first topic dealt with the content of the novel and the main axes of it, starting from its provocative and interesting title, the time of the novel, its place and characters, and the author's approach in his novel (the writer's vision). The second topic dealt with the description of the Arab and Israeli communities, The Jews and Arabs are the novel and its main reaper Love was a factor of change for the better and better, and the critical reading of the novel found that the novel was the author's call to spread love and peace with the other, to know the feelings of the Arab people and their pain, and that The writer was bold in his talk about love and sex, the novel is undoubtedly rich in connotations and meanings and strange imagesتعد رواية (بوق في وادي) من الروايات التي أثارت اهتمام النقاد والباحثين في العالم اجمع، لما تحمله من أفكار ورؤى جديدة وجريئة حيال ماهية الصراع العربي – الاسرائيلي ، ولارتباطها بالواقع الاسرائيلي، ومعالجتها لاقرارات الحركة الصهيونية واثارها على نفسية الفرد الاسرائيلي ، وقد حقق الحب في الرواية انتصار على الحقد والكراهية المطبوعة على قلب بطلة الرواية فانقلبت بفضل الحب والإيمان إلى ذات داعية إلى السلام والمحبة كما يصبو اليه المؤلف ، لذا فان البطلة قد شكلت بوقا لافكار المؤلف الرامية الى السلام. ولكن موت البطل في الرواية قد قلب النتيجة راسا على عقب ومن هنا أستقر عنوان البحث على (قراءة في رواية " بوق في وادي" )، وقد جاءت الدراسة ضمن تمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة بأبرز النتائج تناول التمهيد: سيرة حياة الكاتب المميزة واهم نتاجاته الادبية. أما المبحث الأول: تطرق الى محتوى الرواية وأهم محاور الرئيسة فيها، بدءً من عنوانها الاستفزازي والمثير للانتباه، وعن زمن الرواية ومكانها وشخصياتها ومنهج الكاتب في روايته (رؤية الكاتب)، في حين تناول المبحث الثاني: وصف المجتمعين العربي والاسرائيلي ، وعلاقة بين اليهود والعرب الرواية ورعشتها الرئيسية وصولا إلى غاية الكاتب وشر انتصار الحب على الكراهية والحقد، والإيمان على الكفر والإلحاد، فكان الحب عاملا من عوامل التغيير نحو الأفضل والأحسن. وقد توصلت القراءة النقدية للرواية إلى أن الرواية كانت دعوة الكاتب لاشاعة الحب والسلام مع الاخر، ولمعرفة مشاعر الشعب العربي وآلامه، وأن الكاتب كانت جريئا في حديثه عن الحب والجنس، فالرواية هي بلا شك ثرية بالدلالات والمعاني والصور الغريبة.

Gordana Gorunović

This paper looks at the (auto)biography and literary work of an Australian writer of Serbian descent, B. Wongar/Sreten Božić, viewed from the perspective of ethnology and anthropology. His work is well known to local scholars of literary and cultural studies: for them, Wongar's complex and polysemous oeuvre has long since become a vibrant topic of interpretation and dialogue. An attempt is made here to show how and why this prolific, award-winning and world-renowned author has become a controversial phenomenon in Australian literature. Such a concise retrospective is needed so that readers outside the humanities can gain at least partial insight. The main aim is to highlight those topics in Wongar's fiction and documentary writing that are important from the standpoint of sociocultural anthropology and anthropology of literature: the characteristics of the migrant position and experiences of the dissident writer as a social actor, and the ethnographic-folkloric motivation of the writer's oeuvre.

Begoña Lasa Álvarez

En este trabajo se analizan las referen- cias a España en dos colecciones biográ cas de la escritora inglesa Mary Hays: Fema- le Biography (1803) y Memoirs of Queens (1821), pues en ellas aparecen varios he- chos históricos en los que se ha fundamen- tado la llamada Leyenda Negra, como la Inquisición, las persecuciones de protes- tantes o la sospechosa muerte del infante Don Carlos. Lo cierto es que las mujeres españolas en estos textos son pocas; sin embargo, en las diversas biografías también aparecen otros personajes históricos, como Carlos V y Felipe II, y puesto que estos dos monarcas gobernaban un gran imperio, a ellos iba dirigida la mayor parte de la pro- paganda antiespañola de su tiempo y tam- bién mucha de la posterior. No obstante, dada la época en la que se publicaron las colecciones de Hays, ciertas pinceladas ro- mánticas son asimismo observables. 

Germán Prosperi

En este trabajo se analizan los cruces productivos entre infancia, animalidad y queer a partir de los aportes teóricos de Roland Barthes y Gabriel Giorgi. Los ficciones que leemos se alejan de la exposición del laboratorio de escritura autoral o de la narración de una etapa de la biografía, para exponer una propuesta de convivencia entre cuerpos. Se analizan dos ejemplos de la literatura española contemporánea: Platero y yo, de Juan Ramón Jiménez y el relato “Los alacranes” incluido en el volumen Fuego de marzo, de Eduardo Mendicutti. Palabras claves: Infancia, Animalidad, Queer, Laboratorio Abstract In this work the productive crosses between childhood and animality are analyzed from the theoretical contributions of Roland Barthes and Gabriel Giorgi. This framework uncovers the emergence of a third category, the queer, which challenges children's fictions. Far from the laboratory of writing or of a stage in the biography of writer, the fictions that we analyze are constructed as proposals of new alternatives of coexistence of bodies. Two examples of contemporary Spanish literature are analyzed: Platero y yo, by Juan Ramón Jiménez and the story "Los Alacranes" included in the volume Fuego de Marzo by Eduardo Mendicutti. Keywords: Childhood - animality - queer - laboratory

Wali Ramadhani

This article discusses about the biography of Amin al-Khuli and his thought; literary interpretation of the Quran (TafsirSastrawi). He offers this method because the Quran is Arabic(‘arabiyyunmubin). Therefore, the understanding of the Quran can only be revealed by using literary interpretation (tafsirsastrawi). This method has two important studies: the study of the external Quran (dirasah mahawla al-Qur’an) and the study of the internal Quran (dirasah ma fi al-Qur’an)

Дмитро Едуардович Сідоров, Олександр Євгенович Колосов, А. О. ГУР’ЄВА

Запропоновано методику оперативного оцінювання геометричних параметрів ПЕТ-виробу у процесі його формування з ПЕТ-преформи. Виконано аналіз процесу виготовлення ПЕТ-пляшок ємністю 1л і 0,5 л. Складені залежності для визначення ступеня витягування та товщини стінки на всіх фазах і етапах виготовлення ПЕТ-пляшки

Stephen Gill

A substantial corpus of research has been published on Thomas Mofolo since the 1930s. Earlier portraits of Mofolo as a person leave much room for further amplification and improvement. The present research seeks to greatly enhance our understanding of Thomas Mofolo (1876-1948) by using a wealth of archival material, much of which is located at Morija Museum and Archives, and interviews with a variety of elderly informants, including Mofolo's last surviving daughter and other family members. As a result, Mofolo can now be seen more clearly as a person within the context of his large extended family, their antecedents in the wider region, his upbringing and educational formation, three successive marriages, professional life and business operations in a number of different contexts, involvement in political life, and the changing nature of his relationship with the church. The current article focuses on Mofolo's antecedents up until he began his literary career in 1905-6 at Morija, a subject that has received inadequate attention until now. By adding considerable texture to his early life and family history, as well as the historical and religious contexts and currents in which he was raised at Hermon, Qomoqomong and Morija, Thomas Mofolo emerges more clearly as an historical figure. For example, as a boy, we learn that Thomas imbibed a great deal from his father Abner Ramofolo Mofolo, a very hard-working and practically-oriented man, who was himself a gifted storyteller. Given the possibility of pursuing higher studies through the Protestant PEMS Mission, Thomas grabbed this opportunity and came to Morija at a particularly fruitful time during the 1890s, a time of ferment and great expectations. Mofolo, as part of an emerging cadre of "progressive ones" (bahlalefi or matsoelopele), developed his linguistic skills and eloquence to the point where, with the support of colleagues, he could dare to attempt something new, a creative synthesis of various forms of storytelling, indigenous and exogenous, in written Sesotho. His literary output has proved to be of enduring significance, and in the process he became, perhaps inadvertently, the father of the African novel.

Thomas Christensen

J. HICKS

This is the first in a series of recollections by distinguished economists commissioned by the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review. In it John Hicks reflects on his life, career and intellectual development. JEL: B31

I.V. Zaytsev

The article contains a biography of Aq-Muhammad-oglan – politician and military commander who was active in Kazan and Crimean Khanates in the 1540–1570’s while the members of his family were removed to Moscow in 1551. The biography is based on the documents of Moscow, Kazan and Crimean origin.

J. Fulton

Márcia de Almeida Gonçalves

No alvorecer do século XX, o debate sobre biografias ocupou autores e intelectuais europeus interessados em reconsiderar os diversos campos da produção letrada. Objetivamos nesse artigo situar esse debate entre autores ingleses, por meio da apresentação de algumas de suas indagações sobre a dimensão artística, na sua proximidade com a forma do romance, de biografias qualificadas como modernas. Se Lytton Strachey e sua "Rainha Vitória" (1921) vieram a se tornar referências, isso assim ocorreu no contexto de questionamentos realizados por Harold Nicolson e por Virgínia Woolf, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Ao caracterizarmos as indagações de Nicolson e Woolf, pretendemos analisar o valor seminal das mesmas em apropriações que afetaram autores franceses - destaque para Andre Maurois e seu Aspectos da biografia (1928) - e também letrados e críticos brasileiros - como Edgard Cavalheiro e seu texto Biografias e biógrafos (1943). Palavras-chave: biografia; romance; modernismo ABSTRACT: In the beginning of the 20th century, the debate about biographies occupied European intellectuals and authors interested in discussing the various fields of literary production. This article aims to situate this debate between English authors, by presenting some questions about the artistic dimension of modern biographies and their strict relations to the novel. If Lytton Strachey and his "Queen Victoria" (1921) have became a reference, it just occurred in the context of inquiries made by Harold Nicolson and by Virginia Woolf, in the 1920s and 1930s. Those inquiries were appropriated by French authors, as Andre Maurois and his "Aspects of biography" (1928), and also by Brazilian critics, as Edgard Cavalheiro and his text "Biographies e biographers" (1943). keywords Biography; Novel; Modernism

Chernenkov Y.V., Shvarts Y.G., Erugina M.V. et al.

The article presents biography of professor P. N. Nikolaev. It reflects his scientific and practical contribution to the development of the most significant directions in Russian medicine including professional training of Health Service specialists