Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Joseph Breen, Emma Copeland

We study Nurikabe puzzles on non-orientable surfaces. Specifically, we propose two versions of non-orientable Nurikabe and investigate their combinatorics on Möbius strips, Klein bottles, and projective planes of size $1\times n$. Our results establish new connections among the OEIS sequences A101946, A213387, A123203, and A001045 (the Jacobsthal sequence).

Andreas Apseros, Valerio Scagnoli, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos et al.

Properties in crystalline and ordered materials tend to be anisotropic, with their orientation affecting the macroscopic behavior and functionality of materials. The ability to image the orientation of anisotropic material properties in three dimensions (3D) is fundamental for the understanding and functionality-driven development of novel materials. With the development of X ray linear dichroic orientation tomography (XL DOT), it is now possible to non-destructively map three-dimensional (3D) orientation fields in micrometer-sized samples. In this work, we present the iterative, gradient-based reconstruction algorithm behind XL DOT that can be used to map orientations based on linear dichroism in 3D. As linear dichroism can be exhibited by a broad spectrum of materials, XL DOT can be used to map, for example, crystal orientations as well as ferroic alignment, such as ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order. We demonstrate the robustness of this technique for orientation fields that exhibit smoothly varying and granular configurations, and subsequently identify and discuss optimal geometries for experimental data acquisition and optimal conditions for the reconstruction. We anticipate that this technique will be instrumental in enabling a deeper understanding of the relationship between material structures and their functionality, quantifying, for example, the orientation of charge distributions and magnetic anisotropies at the nanoscale in a wide variety of systems - from functional to energy materials.

V. A. Isaev, A. O. Filonik

For decades, Egypt has been developing under the pressure of unfavorable factors that consistently complicate the work of its reproductive mechanisms, the functioning of the market and other institutions, and result in a series of economic turmoil, social tensions, and political upheavals. In certain periods, the country managed, under favorable circumstances, to mobilize its capabilities to temporarily offset and compensate for the negative influence of internal and external factors and even demonstrate signs of some macroeconomic stability. But the general trend, characteristic of and inherent in an economy developing in harsh conditions, did not give a chance to stay on a more or less constant course for a long time. At the beginning of the second decade of the new century, violent popular uprisings and demonstrations actually led the country to a serious crisis. Its echoes are still felt today, and they carry an element of extremely undesirable destabilization for the largest state in the region. Egypt has historically retained the status of a regional power, no longer the only one, but involved in almost all economic and political initiatives and processes developing in the Arab region, playing an important role in them, which, naturally, should be supported by the corresponding economic potential.

Severino G. Salmo, Sean Paul B. Manalo, Precious B. Jacob et al.

Abstract Background Southeast Asian (SEA) mangroves are globally recognized as blue carbon hotspots. Methodologies that measure mangrove soil carbon stock (SCS) are either accurate but costly (i.e., elemental analyzers), or economical but less accurate (i.e., loss-on-ignition [LOI]). Most SEA countries estimate SCS by measuring soil organic matter (OM) through the LOI method then converting it into organic carbon (OC) using a conventional conversion equation (%Corg = 0.415 * % LOI + 2.89, R2 = 0.59, n = 78) developed from Palau mangroves. The local site conditions in Palau does not reflect the wide range of environmental settings and disturbances in the Philippines. Consequently, the conventional conversion equation possibly compounds the inaccuracies of converting OM to OC causing over- or under-estimated SCS. Here, we generated a localized OM-OC conversion equation and tested its accuracy in computing SCS against the conventional equation. The localized equation was generated by plotting % OC (from elemental analyzer) against the % OM (from LOI). The study was conducted in different mangrove stands (natural, restored, and mangrove-recolonized fishponds) in Oriental Mindoro and Sorsogon, Philippines from the West and North Philippine Sea biogeographic regions, respectively. The OM:OC ratios were also statistically tested based on (a) stand types, (b) among natural stands, and (c) across different ages of the restored and recolonized stands. Increasing the accuracy of OM-OC conversion equations will improve SCS estimates that will yield reasonable C emission reduction targets for the country’s commitments on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. Results The localized conversion equation is %OC = 0.36 * % LOI + 2.40 (R2 = 0.67; n = 458). The SOM:OC ratios showed significant differences based on stand types (x 2 = 19.24; P = 6.63 × 10–05), among natural stands (F = 23.22; p = 1.17 × 10–08), and among ages of restored (F = 5.14; P = 0.03) and recolonized stands (F = 3.4; P = 0.02). SCS estimates using the localized (5%) and stand-specific equations (7%) were similar with the values derived from an elemental analyzer. In contrast, the conventional equation overestimates SCS by 20%. Conclusions The calculated SCS improves as the conversion equation becomes more reflective of localized site conditions. Both localized and stand-specific conversion equations yielded more accurate SCS compared to the conventional equation. While our study explored only two out of the six marine biogeographic regions in the Philippines, we proved that having a localized conversion equation leads to improved SCS measurements. Using our proposed equations will make more realistic SCS targets (and therefore GHG reductions) in designing mangrove restoration programs to achieve the country’s NDC commitments.

Portuese, Ludovico

This article presents a review of the archaeological evidence relating to those spaces identified as bathrooms in the main Neo-Assyrian palaces. An examination of the primary elements – fixed features, interior decoration, position within the palace and connectivity, use of water and possible protocol rules – serves to delve into aspects of hygiene, privacy, and protection, and supports concluding that bathrooms were the most ‘hygienic’ locations within a building. The results also aim at paving the way for a better understanding of the extent to which bathrooms contributed to the building of an Assyrian social identity and its preservation.

Vladimir Tarkaev

This paper concerns pseudo-classical knots in the non-orientable manifold $\hatΣ =Σ\times [0,1]$, where $Σ$ is a non-orientable surface and a knot $K \subset \hatΣ$ is called pseudo-classical if $K$ is orientation-preserving path in $\hatΣ$. For this kind of knot we introduce an invariant $Δ$ that is an analogue of Turaev comultiplication for knots in a thickened orientable surface. As its classical prototype, $Δ$ takes value in a polynomial algebra generated by homotopy classes of non-contractible loops on $Σ$, however, as a ground ring we use some subring of $\mathbb{C}$ instead of $\mathbb{Z}$. Then we define a few homotopy, homology and polynomial invariants, which are consequences of $Δ$, including an analogue of the affine index polynomial.

Elsie Love

Theresia Hofer

Through the writings of Tashi and Yangzom, two young deaf Tibetans, and my narrative of our encounters during ethnographic fieldwork at the Lhasa Special School (LSS) in 2016-2017, this article explores their lives, the role of and their views on the Tibetan language. While their writings reproduce important state-endorsed categories for disabled people in China (Kohrman 2005) and of the state’s ‘civilizing project’ of deaf Tibetans (Hofer and Sagli 2017), they also creatively challenge, critique and ultimately escape those terms and categories through their writings and through the creation of novel, meaningful social networks. Their use of written Tibetan in WeChat posts and their desires expressed therein for strengthening of Tibetan literacy among deaf Tibetans stand out; they are also in stark contrast to those of most other deaf Tibetans and the trend of literacy in the Tibetan language being increasingly considered “useless”, even by educated, urban-based Tibetan parents under duress of coercive state structures (Leibold and Dorjee 2023). I examine and draw on anthropological, analytical concepts of ‘margins’ and ‘marginality’ (Das and Poole, 2004; Tsing, 1994) to make sense of this phenomenon and to look at the role of Tibetan language in moving in and out of various positions on the socio-linguistic margins of Tibet and China. By using written Tibetan and asking for support and the strengthening of literacy in written Tibetan for young deaf Tibetans, Tashi and Yangzom are able to join a wider Tibetan language-related activism (Robin 2014a, Roche 2021), can “practice hope” (Mattingly 2010) and experience meaningful senses of belonging beyond those envisioned and created by the Chinese state. Note: To have Tibetan script correctly displayed, please download the PDF file and open it in a desktop application.

Güldeniz Kıbrıs

Anne Kukuczka

What might it mean to strive for well-being and a viable life in Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR)? What are the temporal rhythms of urban life for government-employed Tibetan women in their mid-twenties? This article engages with these questions by foregrounding seemingly mundane activities related to fitness and sport as they are experienced by Yangkyi and Tselha, two highly educated government workers in their mid-20s. It draws on seven months of ethnographic research, followed up by communication on social media, to examine the everyday routines and concerns of the two women, exploring how “Sunlight Happiness Gym,” a high-end fitness studio catering to the city’s growing middle classes, emerged as significant in their efforts to be well. The article shows how working out created its own temporal rhythms for Yangkyi and Tselha and opened up potentials for self-making that were more difficult to create in other domains of their lives. By demonstrating that, for Yangkyi and Tselha, ideas and practices of well-being, self-care, and fitness get intertwined through going to the gym, I argue that working out plays an important part in their attempts to create joy, meaningful relationships, and a viable life in an environment characterized by often overwhelming structural conditions.

Vineet Gairola

Miriam Jaehn

This paper focuses on the political crises shaping Burmese1 peoples’ im-mobilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. As governments around the world urged people to stay at home to be protected from infection and transmission, throughout 2021 many Burmese people protested the military coup of 1 February and fled Myanmar for safety. I problematize these movements of the Burmese peoples through the complex interplay between the triple C of (ethnic) conflict, COVID-19, and coup. I contend that, in Myanmar, adhering to COVID-19 measures emphasizing (self-)isolation and immobility was impossible as they served the military to suppress peoples’ critique and protests regarding the government’s coup and its mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, Burmese peoples’ physical movements and political mobilisation were necessitated to fight against an ensuing political disempowerment of the people. In other words, the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic in correlation with long-standing ‘ethnic’ conflicts and a military coup required the Burmese peoples to carefully contest an internationally propagated so-called ‘new norm’ of self-isolation at home and other social distancing measures, which bore the risk of suppression and of renewing political isolation experienced since the country’s first military government.

Stefan Gyurki, Sona Pavlikova, Jozef Siran

An embedding of a graph on an orientable surface is orientably-regular (or rotary, in an equivalent terminology) if the group of orientation-preserving automorphisms of the embedding is transitive (and hence regular) on incident vertex-edge pairs of the graph. A classification of orientably-regular embeddings of complete graphs was obtained by L. D. James and G. A. Jones [in "Regular orientable imbeddings of complete graphs", J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. B 39 (1985), 353-367], pointing out interesting connections to finite fields and Frobenius groups. By a combination of graph-theoretic methods and tools from combinatorial group theory we extend results of James and Jones to classification of orientably-regular embeddings of complete multigraphs with arbitrary edge-multiplicity.

Himani Upadhyaya

Michael Hutt

Sebastián Gómez-Lozano, Alfonso Vargas-Macías, Clare Kelly-Lahon et al.

Oriental Martial Arts such as Taijiquan-Tuishou and Aikido represent some of the Asian influences on western culture resulting from immigration from China and Japan to the United States of America during the middle of the 20th century. Contact Improvisation, a style of post-modern dance performed in pairs, is one of the manifestations enriched by this oriental influence. The purpose of this manuscript is to document which dynamic, proprioceptive and somatic elements were transferred to the choreographic language of Contact Improvisation from these martial arts. In the case of Contact Improvisation, the most important technical components highlighted include: center of gravity, weight sharing, point of contact, sphericity, rolling, the embryonic relationship of axial axis and limbs, ki and proprioceptive communication. Although an evolution in the interpretation of the meanings and uses of this particular dance form may exist, we can nonetheless establish some kinesthetic communication codes and strategies derived directly from its original sources. These sources belong to martial arts such as Aikido and Tuishou or Taijiquan and are essential to the intercultural communication component of the Contact Improvisation duo since they involve the learning of fundamentals and principles of non-verbal interaction considered as specific for the mastery of intercorporeality. This is discussed in light of the work of Mark Young, a Contact Improvisation choreographer who maintains Paxton's legacy of roll technique documented in “Material for the Spine” by perfecting the execution and technical variations of helix rolls in a constructed system of spirals. This concurrence of strategies adopted from Aikido and Taijiquan and the usefulness of these elements in terms of performing this partner dance would appear to be key in the understanding of Contact Improvisation.

Duong Van Yen, Jing Li

<i>Stahlianthus thorelii</i> Gagnep is a plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, widely distributed in Asian countries like China, Thailand, India and Vietnam. In traditional oriental medicine, this plant is usually used to treat hemorrhage, heavy menstruation, poor digestion, rheumatism and bone/joint pain (tuberous roots). This research article presents the results of in vitro growth experiments on <i>S.</i><i>thorelii</i> Gagnep using tubers as explants. The samples are grown in MS media enriched with BAP growth stimulant concentrations of 5.0 mg L⁻¹ and a kinetin concentration of 4.0 mg L⁻¹, yielding 5.55 ± 0.59 and 5.48 ± 0.87 shoots/explants, respectively. Once the plants reached a height of 3.0–4.0 cm, we inoculated 2.0–3.0 leaves with a MS rapid proliferation medium treated with BAP or NAA growth agents alone or in combination. The most shoots (7.54 ± 0.79 shoots/explants) were produced by the medium enhanced with 3.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA after 8 weeks of cultivation. The greatest root/shoot induction of 26.17 ± 1.5 was achieved with the medium that had been treated with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ IBA, which was prepared using the MS media that was administered alone or in combination with NAA and IBA for in vitro shoot rooting. Highest percentage of survival (100%) was observed when tissue cultured plantlets were acclimatized in soil:sand:compost (1:1:1).

Péter Ágoston, Gábor Damásdi, Balázs Keszegh et al.

We introduce a novel definition of orientation on the triples of a family of pairwise intersecting planar convex sets and study its properties. In particular, we compare it to other systems of orientations on triples that satisfy a so-called interiority condition: $\circlearrowleft(ABD)=~\circlearrowleft(BCD)=~\circlearrowleft(CAD)=1$ imply $\circlearrowleft(ABC)=1$ for any $A,B,C,D$. We call such an orientation a P3O (partial 3-order), a natural generalization of a poset, that has several interesting special cases. For example, the order type of a planar point set (that can have collinear triples) is a P3O; we denote a P3O realizable by points as p-P3O. If we do not allow $\circlearrowleft(ABC)=0$, we obtain a T3O (total 3-order). Contrary to linear orders, a T3O can have a rich structure. A T3O realizable by points, a p-T3O, is the order type of a point set in general position. Despite these similarities to order types, P3O and p-T3O that can arise from the orientation of pairwise intersecting convex sets, denoted by C-P3O and C-T3O, turn out to be quite different from order types: there is no containment relation among the family of all C-P3O's and the family of all p-P3O's, or among the families of C-T3O's and p-T3O's. Finally, we study properties of these orientations if we also require that the family of underlying convex sets satisfies the (4,3) property.

Taylor-Robinson SD, De Souza Lopes PA, Zdravkov J et al.

Simon D Taylor-Robinson, 1 Paulo Alberto De Souza Lopes, 2 Jey Zdravkov, 3 Rachel Harrison 4 1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; 2Department of Medicine, UAI Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 3Dean Street Sexual Health Clinic, London, UK; 4Department of South East Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, UKCorrespondence: Simon D Taylor-Robinson Email Str338333@gmail.com We thank Sharma and her co-authors for their very insightful comments on our&nbsp;perspective on bullying in Medicine. 1,2 We completely agree with them that bullying has been an issue at all stages in&nbsp;the medical career pathway, including at an undergraduate level. 1 We agree also&nbsp;that to be fully comprehensive, discussion of the medical student experience should&nbsp;have been included, but our article went through several journals before it was&nbsp;accepted and the advice consistently given was to concentrate on the specific&nbsp;experience of our &ldquo;reportee&rdquo;. 2 &nbsp; View the original paper by Taylor-Robinson and colleagues &nbsp; A Letter to the Editor has been published for this article.

Roy Schwartz, Ran Yeheskel

Motivated by the classic Generalized Assignment Problem, we consider the Graph Balancing problem in the presence of orientation costs: given an undirected multi-graph G = (V,E) equipped with edge weights and orientation costs on the edges, the goal is to find an orientation of the edges that minimizes both the maximum weight of edges oriented toward any vertex (makespan) and total orientation cost. We present a general framework for minimizing makespan in the presence of costs that allows us to: (1) achieve bicriteria approximations for the Graph Balancing problem that capture known previous results (Shmoys-Tardos [Math. Progrm. 93], Ebenlendr-Krcál- Sgall [Algorithmica 14], and Wang-Sitters [Inf. Process. Lett. 16]); and (2) achieve bicriteria approximations for extensions of the Graph Balancing problem that admit hyperedges and unrelated weights. Our framework is based on a remarkably simple rounding of a strengthened linear relaxation. We complement the above by presenting bicriteria lower bounds with respect to the linear programming relaxations we use that show that a loss in the total orientation cost is required if one aims for an approximation better than 2 in the makespan.