Hasil untuk "Archaeology"

Shida Xu, Jingqi Jiang, Jonatan Scharff Willners et al.

Underwater sonar imaging plays a crucial role in various applications, including autonomous navigation in murky water, marine archaeology, and environmental monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of sonar images, such as complex noise patterns and the lack of elevation information, pose significant challenges for 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. In this paper, we present NAS-GS, a novel Noise-Aware Sonar Gaussian Splatting framework specifically designed to address these challenges. Our approach introduces a Two-Ways Splatting technique that accurately models the dual directions for intensity accumulation and transmittance calculation inherent in sonar imaging, significantly improving rendering speed without sacrificing quality. Moreover, we propose a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based noise model that captures complex sonar noise patterns, including side-lobes, speckle, and multi-path noise. This model enhances the realism of synthesized images while preventing 3D Gaussian overfitting to noise, thereby improving reconstruction accuracy. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on both simulated and real-world large-scale offshore sonar scenarios, achieving superior results in novel view synthesis and 3D reconstruction.

Jiakun Wang, Miaoying Lv, Nan Song et al.

The application techniques and composition of green and blue-green pigments in the Maijishan Grottoes were explored by utilizing microscopic observation, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX analysis. For the first time, lavendulan and high-purity botallackite were identified in these grottoes, in addition to the commonly found malachite and atacamite. These discoveries suggest that several caves in the Maijishan Grottoes were originally painted in blue-green tones, which have since altered to the current green or dark green hues. It was also revealed that the application of green mixed pigments involved layering malachite over basic copper chloride, rather than blending them together. Moreover, variations in the composition and placement of white ash layers indicate that the use of mixed pigments was likely due to repainting rather than initial decorative purposes. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of ancient painting techniques and provide crucial data for the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage in the Maijishan Grottoes.

Fabíola Andréa Silva

Fazendo referência à uma produção bibliográfica arqueológica, histórica e antropológica sobre histórias e oralidades indígenas, pretendo reforçar, neste texto, a importância das histórias indígenas na práxis arqueológica. Ao mesmo tempo, quero defender a necessidade de uma arqueologia do colonialismo, do presente e do mundo contemporâneo, na Amazônia. Abordarei essas questões a partir de minha experiência de pesquisa colaborativa com o povo Asurini do Xingu.

Tuuli Kurisoo, Maria Smirnova

This article presents the results of an online survey that explores the views of Estonian heritage professionals and hobbyists on the current state of metal detecting, which has become a popular activity. The hobby is fairly well regulated by law, and both the state and the hobbyists have clear obligations. We asked how local archaeologists and metal detectorists perceive the status quo, what they find positive and negative, and what they would like to see changed. While the majority of the professional archaeologists could point to several positive aspects (e.g. new information, finds), they were clearly concerned about the impact of metal detecting and the capacity of the National Heritage Board to manage the current system. Hobbyists appreciated direct communication with the state, feedback and mandatory training, but were frustrated by the slow pace of feedback, burdensome legislation and mediocre digital solutions. The Estonian archaeological community is small and accustomed to the role of experts. Metal detecting is more of an individual hobby, still in its early stages of development. Similar to several other studies, we believe that better cooperation would help both these stakeholders to perceive archaeology as a common resource that can be used in different ways, but with a shared sense of responsibility.

Claudio Gallazzi, Gisèle Hadji-Minaglou

Qing Zhang, Jing Huang, Mingyang Xu et al.

While mainstream robotics pursues metric precision and flawless performance, this paper explores the creative potential of a deliberately "lo-fi" approach. We present the "Semantic Glitch," a soft flying robotic art installation whose physical form, a 3D pixel style cloud, is a "physical glitch" derived from digital archaeology. We detail a novel autonomous pipeline that rejects conventional sensors like LiDAR and SLAM, relying solely on the qualitative, semantic understanding of a Multimodal Large Language Model to navigate. By authoring a bio-inspired personality for the robot through a natural language prompt, we create a "narrative mind" that complements the "weak," historically, loaded body. Our analysis begins with a 13-minute autonomous flight log, and a follow-up study statistically validates the framework's robustness for authoring quantifiably distinct personas. The combined analysis reveals emergent behaviors, from landmark-based navigation to a compelling "plan to execution" gap, and a character whose unpredictable, plausible behavior stems from a lack of precise proprioception. This demonstrates a lo-fi framework for creating imperfect companions whose success is measured in character over efficiency.

Shihui Lin, Baitian Tang, Genghao Liu et al.

Many Galactic globular clusters (GCs) originated in diverse host galaxies before being subsequently incorporated into the Milky Way through hierarchical galaxy assembly. Identifying their origins is crucial for revealing galaxy properties at early times. Traditional classification methods relying on dynamical properties face inherent uncertainties stemming from the evolving Galactic potential and complex merger histories. Chemically driven classification confronts a distinct obstacle: multiple populations - abundance variations in light elements of GC members. In this Letter, we identify primordial populations exhibiting lower [Al/Fe] as reliable tracers of their birth environments' chemical evolution. A clear chemical dichotomy emerges between in-situ and accreted GC populations at [Fe/H] > -1.5, particularly in the [Mg/Fe]-[Al/Fe] plane, indicating that their progenitor galaxies have experienced fundamentally different enrichment histories. While our chemically driven classification demonstrates general consistency with dynamically driven classifications, notable discrepancies emerge: NGC 288 and M4 are reclassified as in-situ, and Terzan 9 as accreted. This chemically driven GC classification provides promising application for Galactic archaeology.

Lorenzo Spina, Milan Quandt Rodriguez, Laura Magrini et al.

Reconstructing the formation history of the Milky Way is hindered by stellar migration, which erases kinematic birth signatures. In contrast, stellar chemical abundances remain stable and can be used to trace stars back to their birth environments through chemical tagging. This study aims to improve chemical tagging by developing a method that leverages kinematic and age information to enhance clustering in chemical space, while remaining grounded in chemistry. We implement a graph attention auto-encoder that encodes stars as nodes with chemical features and connects them via edges based on orbital similarity and age. The network learns an ``informed'' chemical space that accentuates coherent groupings.Applied to $\sim$47,000 APOGEE thin disk stars, the method identifies 282 stellar groups. Among them, five out of six open clusters are successfully recovered. Other groups align with the known moving groups Arch/Hat, Sirius, Hyades, and Hercules. Our approach enables chemically grounded yet kinematically and age informed chemical tagging. It significantly improves the identification of coherent stellar populations, offering a framework for future large-scale stellar archaeology efforts.

Simon C. O. Glover, Ralf S. Klessen

Population III (or Pop. III) stars, the first stellar generation built up from metal-free primordial gas, first started to form at redshifts z ~ 30. They formed primarily in small dark matter halos with masses of a few million solar masses. The cooling of the gas in these halos was dominated on all scales by molecular hydrogen. Current theoretical models indicate that Pop. III stars typically formed in small clusters with a logarithmically flat mass function due to widespread fragmentation in the protostellar accretion disks around these primordial stars. Massive Pop. III stars are thought to have played a pivotal role in shaping the early Universe, as their feedback regulates subsequent star formation, although the immediate effects of this feedback remain uncertain. Direct detection of Pop. III stars is challenging, but our chances of detecting at least a few Pop. III supernovae within the next decade are brighter. Indirect approaches based on stellar archaeology or gravitational wave detections offer promising constraints. Current observations suggest that most massive Pop. III stars ended their lives as core-collapse supernovae rather than pair-instability supernovae, offering insight into the initial mass function and evolutionary pathways of these primordial stars.

Mei Wang, Weihong Deng, Jiani Hu et al.

The study of oracle characters plays an important role in Chinese archaeology and philology. However, the difficulty of collecting and annotating real-world scanned oracle characters hinders the development of oracle character recognition. In this paper, we develop a novel unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) method, i.e., unsupervised attention regularization net?work (UARN), to transfer recognition knowledge from labeled handprinted oracle characters to unlabeled scanned data. First, we experimentally prove that existing UDA methods are not always consistent with human priors and cannot achieve optimal performance on the target domain. For these oracle characters with flip-insensitivity and high inter-class similarity, model interpretations are not flip-consistent and class-separable. To tackle this challenge, we take into consideration visual perceptual plausibility when adapting. Specifically, our method enforces attention consistency between the original and flipped images to achieve the model robustness to flipping. Simultaneously, we constrain attention separability between the pseudo class and the most confusing class to improve the model discriminability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UARN shows better interpretability and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Oracle-241 dataset, substantially outperforming the previously structure-texture separation network by 8.5%.

Yongqing Liang, Congyi Zhang, Junli Zhao et al.

Deducing the 3D face from a skull is a challenging task in forensic science and archaeology. This paper proposes an end-to-end 3D face reconstruction pipeline and an exploration method that can conveniently create textured, realistic faces that match the given skull. To this end, we propose a tissue-guided face creation and adaptation scheme. With the help of the state-of-the-art text-to-image diffusion model and parametric face model, we first generate an initial reference 3D face, whose biological profile aligns with the given skull. Then, with the help of tissue thickness distribution, we modify these initial faces to match the skull through a latent optimization process. The joint distribution of tissue thickness is learned on a set of skull landmarks using a collection of scanned skull-face pairs. We also develop an efficient face adaptation tool to allow users to interactively adjust tissue thickness either globally or at local regions to explore different plausible faces. Experiments conducted on a real skull-face dataset demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed pipeline in terms of reconstruction accuracy, diversity, and stability. Our project page is https://xmlyqing00.github.io/skull-to-face-page.

Grzegorz Jawor, Paweł Madejski

Wydawany materiał jest efektem działań Jana Zamoyskiego jako wysłannika królewskiego w starostwie samborskim. Dzieli się na dwie części. W pierwszej, spisanej po łacinie i zaczerpniętej przez twórcę Inwentarza… zapewne z wcześniejszych, niezachowanych obecnie źródeł, opisano poszczególne typy należności (capita — kar i opłat administracyjnych) z uzasadnieniem ich pobierania (causae). Druga część, zapisana już po polsku, jest praktycznym uzupełnieniem poprzedniej: wyliczono w niej, ile w danej wsi pobrano opłat, a ile jeszcze zostało do wyegzekwowania. Informacje te wskazują na specyficzne obyczaje prawne panujące w drugiej połowie XVI w., w których odnaleźć można wątki lokalne, ale i elementy obyczajowego prawa wołoskiego, ruskiego i polskiego.

Raphaël Demès

The sculpted decoration on the chancel slabs of the church of Santa Maria Assunta in Aquileia depicts a harmonious universe that channels matter in the process of transformation, like the spiritualization of the caro through the sacraments. The various elements that make up this universe are linked together to emphasize the coherence of Creation. In this constructed space, the boundaries between plant, mineral, animal and ornamental dissolve and merge, as does the distinction between known and imaginary animals. On one of the chancel slabs, two creatures are depicted with characteristics of terrestrial, celestial and aquatic animal species. They drink from the Fountain-Tree of Life, making a link between here below and hereafter and bringing hope of salvation. Facing each other, they oppose each other to obstruct the passage of the faithful, reinforcing the separating function of the chancel, marking the frontier between the nave and the choir, between the laity and the clerics. Presented on a vertical support facing the faithful, these composite beings help to bring man closer to God, inviting him to be one with Christ through communion, to give himself, body and soul, to the Church. Based on order, diversity and moderation, this rhythmic pictorial universe invites us to go beyond the limits of the visible, the sensible, the material, to move away from the opposition of similarity/dissimilarity and to advance towards the invisible, the intelligible and the immaterial.

Udaya Varadarajan, Sneha Bharti

We have so many languages to communicate with others as humans. There are approximately 7000 languages in the world, and many are becoming extinct for a variety of reasons. In order to preserve and prevent the extinction of these languages, we need to preserve them. One way of preservation is to have a preservation metadata for languages. Metadata is data about data. Metadata is required for item description, preservation, and retrieval. There are various types of metadata, e.g., descriptive, administrative, structural, preservation, etc. After the literature study, the authors observed that there is a lack of study on the preservation metadata for language. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the need for language preservation metadata. We found some archaeological metadata standards for this purpose, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we chose three archaeological metadata standards, namely: Archaeon-core, CARARE, and LIDO (Lightweight Information Describing Objects) for mapping metadata.

Yan Benhammou, Erez Etzion, Gilad Mizrachi et al.

We utilise muons from cosmic ray to explore hidden underground archaeological structures. Presented here is the design, simulation studies and first laboratory results of a compact, scintillators based, cosmic ray muon telescope for underground muon radiography.

Gihan Kamel

The concrete vision of having Africa as a leader sharing equivalent responsibilities and deliverables towards the global scientific societies turn out to be more obvious by time. Africa is not an exception when it comes to advanced science and technological grounds. Many challenges do exist and many others are still accumulating such as establishing cutting-edge large scale research infrastructures and institutions, reversing the brain-drain dramatic challenge, addressing local and/or regional concerns (health, environment, water, human heritage), as well as being a vehicle for industrial development and growing economy. In addition to bringing forward the African educational systems, employment status, besides the human capacity building which is alleged to be the backbone of any advanced society. Into the discussion, and besides their strong influence on education and advancing science and technology, as well as, capacity building development, are synchrotron light sources demonstrating the extensive capabilities with numerous techniques supporting a wide range of applications of basic science for instance physics, chemistry and biology, along with applied science aspects including life sciences such as biomedicine, pharmaceuticals and drug design, in addition to agriculture, environment, and air and water pollution, besides materials science and industrial applications, and energy and climate change. Furthermore, comprehensive insights can be identified and documented for cultural heritage and archaeology domains.

Luca Melchior

Italian language in the linguistic landscapes of Southern Austria: some remarks Italian is widely used in the linguistic landscape of Klagenfurt am Wörthersee and Graz, though there isn’t a significant presence of Italians. Italian is used not only in the domains of fashion and gastronomy, but also in a wider range of domains, including some subcultures. Besides a wide range of Italian lexical items, one can also find morphological and syntactical patterns. This can be seen as a proof of widespread active and passive Italian language skills in the local population. However, its use in commercial signing has in most cases only a symbolic function, while semantic information is given in German.

Lin Hu, Bing Huang, Feng Liu

The 7\times7 reconstruction of the Si(111) surface represents arguably the most fascinating surface reconstruction so far observed in nature. Yet, the atomistic mechanism underpinning its formation remains unclear after it was discovered sixty years ago. Experimentally, it is observed post priori so that analysis of its formation mechanism can only be carried out in analogy with archaeology. Theoretically, density-functional-theory (DFT) correctly predicts the Si(111)-(7\times7) ground state but is impractical to simulate its formation process; while empirical potentials failed to produce it as the ground state. Developing an artificial neural-network potential of DFT quality, we carried out accurate large-scale simulations to unravel the formation of the Si(111)-(7\times7) surface. We reveal a possible step-mediated atom-pop rate-limiting process that triggers massive non-conserved atomic rearrangements, most remarkably, a critical process of collective vacancy diffusion that mediates a sequence of selective dimer, corner-hole, stacking fault and dimer-line pattern formation, to fulfill the 7\times7 reconstruction. Our findings may not only solve the long-standing mystery of this famous surface reconstruction but also illustrate the power of machine learning in studying complex structures.