Hasil untuk "Agricultural industries"

Evi Aprianti, P. Shafigh, S. Bahri et al.

C. Parisi, M. Vigani, E. Rodríguez-Cerezo

Abstract Nanotechnology is recognised by the European Commission as one of its six “Key Enabling Technologies” that contribute to sustainable competitiveness and growth in several industrial sectors. The current challenges of sustainability, food security and climate change are engaging researchers in exploring the field of nanotechnology as new source of key improvements for the agricultural sector. However, concrete contributions are still uncertain. Despite the numerous potential advantages of nanotechnology and the growing trends in publications and patents, agricultural applications have not yet made it to the market. Several factors could explain the scarcity of commercial applications. On the one hand, industry experts stress that agricultural nanotechnology does not demonstrate a sufficient economic return to counterbalance the high initial production investments. On the other hand, new nanotech regulation in the EU might create regulatory uncertainty for products already on the market and affect public perception. However, recent studies demonstrate that public opinion is not negative towards nanotechnology and that the introduction on the market of nanotech products with clear benefits will likely drive consumer acceptance of more sensitive applications. The rapid progress of nanotechnology in other key industries may over time be transferred to agricultural applications as well, and facilitate their development.

D. Owen, A. P. Williams, G. Griffith et al.

Margret Frischhut, Patrick Ole Noack

Die Präzision von RTK-GNSS-Empfängern (Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) ist ein wichtiger Schlüssel für die Digitalisierung des Pflanzenbaus. Von größter Bedeutung ist dabei eine hohe dynamische Genauigkeit, für deren Bewertung geeignete Referenzsysteme erforderlich sind. Mit einem Machine-Vision-Ansatz und einer fixen Kreisbahn konnten die Messwerte sieben verschiedener GNSS-Sensoren in zwei Testszenarien (Geradeausfahrt, Kurvenfahrt) miteinander verglichen und auf potenzielle Einflussfaktoren hin untersucht werden. Neben dem Referenzsystem haben die gefahrene Geschwindigkeit, die Anzahl der verwendeten Satelliten und der HDOP sowie die Tageszeit einen Einfluss auf die gemessene Genauigkeit. Die Unterschiede zwischen den dynamischen Genauigkeiten der untersuchten RTK-GNSS-Empfänger sind im landwirtschaftlichen Kontext zu vernachlässigen.

Kun Hao, Wei Zhang, Shijiang Zhu et al.

A reasonable combination of water and nitrogen application under appropriate and use of water-saving irrigation techniques is essential for improving the apple quality and yield in the mountainous areas of the Loess Plateau. This study, which was conducted from 2019 to 2020, utilized seven-year-old Hanfu apples as experimental material. Its focus was on three factors: irrigation method, irrigation level, and nitrogen application level. An L9(34) orthogonal design comprised of nine treatments was employed. The three irrigation methods were unilateral fixed surge root irrigation (U), alternating surge root irrigation (A), and bilateral fixed surge root irrigation (B). The irrigation levels were 85 %–100 % θf (I1), 70 %–85 % θf (I2), and 55 %–70 % θf (I3). The nitrogen application levels were 600 kg N ha−1 (N1), 400 kg N ha−1 (N2), and 200 kg N ha−1 (N3). In the study, soil water and nitrogen distribution, yield, fruit quality, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, physiological and reproductive indicators and economic benefit of apples under various surge root irrigation treatments were analyzed, and their responses to water and nitrogen management were explored. Principal component was used to assess assessed apple quality and the game theory-based combinatorial weighting method (TOPSIS) was used to provide comprehensive evaluation of apple yield, quality, and water-nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed apple yield, quality, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, chlorophyll content, fresh treetop growth, and photosynthesis all to be significantly affected by irrigation methods, irrigation levels, and nitrogen application rates. High water and fertilizer conditions led to the highest chlorophyll content, fresh treetop growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency. Alternate irrigation was found to even perform well in moderate water and nitrogen conditions and it enhanced water and nitrogen use efficiency quite significantly. The respective chlorophyll a and b contents in the T1 treatment (UI1N1) were 35.15 % and 38.02 % higher than those in the T3 treatment (UI3N3), and both photosynthesis and transpiration rates exhibited significant increases. The Mantel test showed there to be a significant correlation between apple yield, various quality indicators, net photosynthesis rate, and transpiration rate (P < 0.05). The highest yield, overall quality, comprehensive evaluation, index net return and rate of return was produced by treatment T4 (AI1N2), while IWUE, WUE, and NPFP peaked in treatments T6 (AI3N1) and T5 (AI2N3). Range analysis showed that treatment AI2N1 to have the highest yield and comprehensive evaluation index, while treatment AI2N2 showed no significant difference in comparison to AI2N1. In addition, treatment AI2N2 exhibited the best overall quality, with WUE peaking in treatment AI2N1 and NPFP peaking in treatment AI2N3. Therefore, in terms of improving quality, increasing yield, rate of return and enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency, the water-nitrogen regulation model for apples in the mountainous areas of the Loess Plateau under surge root irrigation that is most optimal is a combination of alternate irrigation and moderate water-nitrogen application (AI2N2 treatment). These findings provide a theoretical basis for further scientific research on subsurface root irrigation technology and water-nitrogen management in the cultivation of apples on the Loess Plateau.

Rudy Medina, Bill Canaza, Angel Sullon et al.

The projected 50 % increase in global food demand by 2050, coupled with declining freshwater availability and climate change, highlights the urgent need for more efficient agricultural practices. This study presents the development and implementation of a low-cost automated irrigation and thermal control system for pre-basic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in greenhouses in Siberia, Russia. The system is part of the DARY project and focuses on optimizing water and energy use under controlled water and thermal stress conditions. This experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons in 2024 and employed environmental sensors and advanced algorithms to dynamically regulate irrigation and temperature according to the crop's physiological needs. It was compared with a conventional system under similar conditions, evaluating operational cost and control panel functionality. The results showed a 22 % increase in pre-basic potato production, 27 % water savings, and 12 % reduction in electrical consumption. Additionally, the control panel cost was 35 % lower than that of the commercial system, highlighting its scalability and adaptability. The system architecture includes an intuitive web application, MQTT communication, NoSQL database, and microcontrollers. The results validate DARY as a viable and sustainable technological solution for precision agriculture, especially in resource-constrained contexts.

Kazi N S Rafi, M G Aziz, Mohammad Amirul Islam et al.

Abstract Biofortification of zinc (Zn) is a great means of eradicating Zn deficiency, essentially in developing countries. Current study has evaluated the influence of Zn treatment on bioaccessibility of Zn in food grains along with germination assays. Edible (seed) and inedible (root) portions of BARI Gom 28 (Triticum aestivum), BARI Chola 5 (Cicer arietinum) and BARI Mung 6 (Vigna radiata) sprouts were analyzed for Zn bioaccessibility. The highest Zn (44.50 ppm) was extracted from the seed of BARI Chola 5 at 50 ppm Zn and the lowest (0.45 ppm) was extracted from the root of BARI Mung 6 at control treatment. The highest Zn bioaccessibility percentage (90%) was observed at the seed of BARI Chola 5 and the lowest percentage (62%) at the root of BARI Gom 28 sprouts at 25 ppm Zn treatment. After optimizing fractional factorial design analysis, maximum Zn response is observed in the seed of BARI Chola 5 at 50 ppm Zn treatment with 91.06% composite desirability. Germination percentage, fresh and dried weight of sprouts, sprout length, seed vigor and biological yield showed better results at 50 ppm Zn. Thus, biofortification of food grains through hydroponics approach using control, 25 ppm and 50 ppm Zn treatments produced contrasting effects on Zn bioaccessibility.

Xiaoyu Guo, Lide Tian, Lei Wang et al.

The ecosystem and hydrological cycles associated with evapotranspiration (ET) may experience varied extremes under different climatic conditions. Understanding the spatial-seasonal patterns of the transpiration-to-evapotranspiration ratio (T/ET) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is critical due to their impacts on hydrology, carbon cycling, and water resource management. However, quantifying T/ET ratios in the high and remote TP regions is practically challenging due to difficulties in obtaining measurements and capturing data. In this study, we used new approaches to partition each ET component, and identified the spatial-seasonal T/ET patterns and possible controls at three catchments in different climate zones over the TP. The datasets included water stable isotopes, hydrological records, ground-based climate variables, China Meteorological Forcing Dataset reanalysis (CMFD), MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies ET. Results showed that: (1) Large proportions of soil evaporation (Esoil, >50 %) occurred with non-isotope fractionation (E2), especially in arid catchment with intensive soil siphonage during infrequent and highly concentrated precipitation events; (2) Large-scale circulations influenced precipitation and NDVI, resulting in spatial T/ET patterns over the TP (increasing from the Westerlies Zone to the Indian Monsoon Zone); (3) Seasonal T/ET patterns were associated with varying vegetation coverages superimposed on large-scale circulations: summer–low, annual-high patterns at Magazangbu or Lhasa catchments with vegetation cover < 50 %, inversely at Naqu catchment (>50 %); (4) Catchment-scale ET partitioning over the TP generally aligned well with global T/ET patterns. The ET partitioning and spatial-seasonal patterns presented here significantly enhance our understanding of ecological and hydrological process and support investigations into T/ET forcing mechanisms across different climate zones of the TP.

J.I. Manzano, M. Rodríguez-Febereiro, M. Fandiño et al.

Assessing nutrient concentrations in grapevines is crucial not only for the overall physiology of the plant but also for the quality of the resulting wine. Accurate determinations are also relevant for enhancing nutrient use efficiency and formulating fertilizer recommendations. Hence, there is a considerable demand for a swift technique to analyze vine organs. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods emerges as a potent, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly analytical technique for determining nutrient concentrations in plants. The objective of this study is to ascertain the viability of wide range spectrum (190–2600 nm) spectroscopy in providing precise insights into the nutritional status of vines. Our investigation specifically targets on the determination of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, and Al in vine leaves from different wine growing areas, varieties and harvest years. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) was employed to construct models for the concentrations of these nutrients based on the reflectance measurements of the leaves. The model was trained using 70 % of the samples, while the remaining 30 % constituted the independent validation. Results from the validation set indicated accurate validation for most nutrients, with determination coefficients (r2) of 0.70 for C, 0.72 for N, 0.64 for P, 0.75 for K, 0.84 for Ca, 0.48 for Mg, 0.45 for B, 0.58 for Cu, 0.26 for Fe, 0.82 for Mn, 0.50 for Zn, 0.90 for Na, and 0.69 for Al. The findings revealed that reflectances in the visible (VIS) region of the spectrum played a key role in predicting micronutrients like B, corresponding with photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). In contrast, reflectances in the near-infrared region (NIR) had a greater impact on macronutrient prediction, particularly for P and Mg, due to their stronger interaction with organic compounds. The ultraviolet (UV) range played a minor role, highlighting the predominant importance of the VIS-NIR regions in spectroscopic analyses.Finally, the results support the potential of this technique for swiftly and non-invasively predicting both macro and micronutrient levels in grapevine plants, and facilitate the fertilization planning using variety-specific reference levels, or precision viticulture adapted to site-specific demands, including spatial intra-plot variability.

Doi Nguyen, Amporn Sae-Eaw, Penkwan Chompreeda et al.

The synergistic effects of cinnamon and oregano essential oils (EOs) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated by using a disc volatilization assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was indicated at 5 μL L−1 air when the ratios of cinnamon and oregano EOs were 8:2 and 9:1 (v/v) for all tested bacteria, which also showed strongly synergistic activities (fractional inhibition concentration index (FIC) ≤ 0.48). However, there was only the combination ratio 6:4 showing a synergistic effect on the inhibition of A. flavus. Therefore, this combination was selected for incorporating with cassava starch films according to the central composite design. Desirability function approach indicated the optimal film formulation was 45.54 % of sorbitol and 0.65 % of EOs. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the optimal film were 8 MPa and 27 %, respectively while the AM film showed 100 % inhibition for all tested microorganisms. In the artificial contamination test, the antimicrobial film could express the inhibition at 85 % and 100 % on the growth of A. flavus in artificially and naturally contaminated Vietnamese bread, respectively.

Ivan Burtnyak, Oleksandr Kusnir, Roman Kashevskyi

This article compares the dynamics of changes in the number of enterprises in relation to the working-age population. The division of economic activities into main sectors is used. The main goal of this study is to analyze the growth rates of the number of enterprises and the structure of enterprises in sectors with different functional characteristics, which allows us to obtain information about the transformations that occur in the context of the above-mentioned issues. This also allows us to distinguish the processes of concentration and deconcentration of economic functions in accordance with their relative position in relation to the administrative hierarchy, the main regions of development or other structural and functional units, defined in terms of the specificity and intensity of spatial development. The results of the study indicate a decrease in the spatial dynamics of private enterprises, inertia, spatial polarization and mosaicism. It is extremely difficult to give detailed answers to the questions about the reasons for such a situation, given the current level of knowledge, but two approaches can be proposed. The first approach is confirmed by observations of periodic increases in demand, especially for agricultural land. Studies have shown that there are differences in the development of entrepreneurship depending on the field of activity and functional features of the municipality. Secondly, in the period after the war, the dynamics of the development of service facilities weakened, and the importance of the industrial and construction sectors increased. Municipalities were differentiated according to their geographical location and economic functions. The capital regions benefited the most. The situation on the periphery was more complicated. In more backward regions, remote from the war, the number of enterprises grew dynamically, especially in the industrial and construction sectors. The shortage of jobs in the country could be filled by creating enterprises by people who were previously unemployed or worked in related and non-related industries. Thus, the movement of enterprises and individuals providing construction and installation services will become a kind of hierarchy, when experienced workers will go abroad, and new ones will come to their place. Rapid growth of businesses in non-urban areas is particularly desirable from a regional development perspective.

Changsai Zhang, Yuan Yi, Lijuan Wang et al.

Accurate and efficient estimation of biochemical traits, including leaf index area (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and canopy chlorophyll content (CCC), is crucial for crop growth monitoring in agricultural management. Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral remote sensing have enabled fast and cost-effective measurements of these traits. However, traditional statistical regression models trained on specific datasets lack scalability and transferability across practical field conditions without retraining. This study proposed an efficient physics-informed transfer learning model (PITL) for winter wheat biochemical traits estimation from UAV multispectral data. The PITL integrates the strengths of physical radiative transfer simulations and deep neural network architectures through transfer learning to improve the estimation of biochemical traits from UAV multispectral data. The PITL was tested with convolutional neural network (CNN), deep neural network (DNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) architectures. Results indicated that PITLDNN had better accuracy than PITLCNN and PITLLSTM models in predicting LAI (R2=0.94, RMSE = 0.32 m2/m2), LCC (R2=0.81, RMSE = 5.20 μg/cm2) and CCC (R2=0.928, RMSE = 0.2 g/m2). Moreover, PITLDNN demonstrated higher capability in computational efficiency, making it suitable for processing large volumes of UAV multispectral data in crop growth monitoring applications. Furthermore, PITL's integration of radiative transfer knowledge with labeled field data yielded higher predictive accuracy compared to physically-based inversion model, pure data-driven deep neural network approaches, and hybrid models. This study highlighted the performance of PITLDNN in accurately and efficiently quantifing biochemical traits from UAV multispectral data, thereby providing timely and accurate information for guiding crop growth monitoring applications.

Yablokova Alena, Kovalev Dmitry, Kovalev Igor et al.

The article raises the issue of the relevance of introducing information technology into the work of agricultural enterprises, discusses the impact of integrating digital solutions into the infrastructure of enterprises in the agro-industrial sector, the development of which is directly related to the development of other industries, which together determine the plans, directions and resources necessary to ensure state leadership in new development conditions. The current state of such components of the information infrastructure of agro-industrial complex enterprises as web-based GIS is analyzed, and the aspect of designing the user interface of a web GIS is considered, taking into account the standards and technologies of Web development that can improve the performance and efficiency of the system.

Łukasz Zaremba

The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the variability of purchase prices of vegetables: onions, carrots and cabbage intended for direct consumption and processing. The research period covered years 2011-2022. The article analyzes the variability of purchase prices. It was found that its level in case of the vegetables, taken into consideration, was relatively high, with a slight downward trend in 2020-2022. The prices of vegetables for direct consumption were more volatile than those of vegetables intended for processing. The identification of factors influencing changes in purchase prices was based on the analysis of correlations between purchase prices and time series of selected variables on an annual basis. The study took into account the production volume, the level of import and export of fresh vegetables including processed vegetables, changes in the prices of plant protection products, manual labor fees, fertilizer prices and diesel oil prices. It was found that the strongest correlation occurred between purchase prices and prices of fertilizers, as well as plant protection products. Due to the relatively short research period, it was not possible to determine the correlation between prices and harvest levels. Then, Granger causality tests of selected factors were performed on a monthly basis. The impact of changes in the level of import and export, as well as the prices of plant protection products and manual labor fees on the prices of most products included in the study was confirmed.

C. L. Price, J. Parker, A. Warrilow et al.

Wang Zhen, Wu Jinhua, Li Jiahui et al.

[Objective] The temporal and spatial changes of the cultivated land resource carrying capacity index of Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed, and the cultivated land resource carrying capacity index and human-grain relationship were predicted from 2020 to 2025, in order to provide theoretical reference for territorial spatial planning and cultivated land protection policy in Shaanxi Province. [Methods] Based on the panel data of the statistical yearbook, the research was carried out by using the center of gravity migration model, Geodetector and GM(1,1) model. [Results] ① From 2010 to 2019, the overall grain production, population, and cultivated land carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province increased, while the LCCI (land carrying capacity index) fluctuated slightly and decreased, and the human-grain relationship slightly eased. The LCCI of different administrative region fluctuated greatly, and the time periods of the drastic changes occurred from 2010 to 2011, 2014 to 2015, and 2017 to 2018. ② From 2010 to 2019, there were great regional differences in the LCCI in Shaanxi Province, showing a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north. Xi'an City and Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone were high-value centers, while Yulin City was a low-value center. From the perspective of zoning, the order of the LCCI was Southern Shaanxi region> Guanzhong region> Northern Shaanxi region. The center of gravity of the LCCI of Shaanxi Province in the past 10 years was located in Xianyang City, and the overall migration direction was from northeast to southwest, pointing to Xi'an City and Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone. There were obvious mutation in the path between 2013—2015 and 2017—2018, which was related to the fluctuation of the LCCI of different administrative regions. ③ The most important factor affecting the temporal and spatial changes of the LCCI in Shaanxi Province was the per capita cultivated land area, with an average explanatory rate of 69.21%. ④ It was predicted that the LCCI of Shaanxi Province would decline slightly from 2020 to 2025, and the spatial pattern would remain high in the south and low in the north. Except for the two low-value centers of Tongchuan City and Weinan City, Yulin City, the human-grain relationship in other administrative regions were more tense. [Conclusion] The human-grain relationship in Shaanxi Province is relatively tense, and the changes in the cultivated LCCI of various administrative regions show volatility and strong spatial heterogeneity. The cultivated LCCI in Shaanxi Province is mainly affected by the area of cultivated land per capita.

Jianteng Sun, L. Pan, Yu Zhan et al.

To reveal the pollution status associated with rapid urbanization and economic growth, extensive areas of agricultural soils (approximately 45,800 km(2)) in the Yangtze River Delta of China were investigated with respect to selected endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), including phthalate esters (PAEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The residues of sum of 15 PAEs, sum of 15 OCPs and sum of 13 PBDEs were in the range of 167-9370 ng/g, 1.0-3520 ng/g, and <1.0-382 ng/g, respectively. The OCPs residuals originated from both historical usage and recent input. Agricultural plastic film was considered to be an important source of PAEs. Discharge from furniture industry was potential major source of PBDEs in this region. The selected pollutants showed quite different spatial distributions within the studied region. It is worth noting that much higher concentrations of the EDCs were found on the borders between Shanghai and the two neighboring provinces, where agriculture and industry developed rapidly in recent years. Contaminants from both agricultural and industrial activities made this area a pollution hotspot, which should arouse more stringent regulation to safeguard the environment and food security.

E. Tsoraeva, A. Bekmurzov, S. Kozyrev et al.

The paper deals with the environmental issues of agriculture. Examples are given that pose a threat to the vital activity of living organisms from various types of agricultural and human activities. The subject of the study is the analysis of environmental issues arising from the intensification of the development of agricultural industry. Intensive agricultural activity leads to pollution of surface rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater, soil degradation and aquatic ecosystems; violation of the water regime in large areas during drainage and irrigation; desertification due to wind erosion; destruction of natural habitats of living organisms of flora and fauna. An urgent problem of agriculture is a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances in them. The reasons for these negative processes are soil degradation, intensification of agricultural production.

Akshay Krishnan, Shashank Swarna, B. S

This paper presents a review on various agricultural practices and aspects that can be or currently are automated, using robotics, IoT and Artificial Intelligence (AI) more prolifically. Alongside, the current and future perspectives are dealt with, covering major technology innovations focused around smart farming, precision agriculture, vertical farming, modern greenhouse practices, autonomous and robotic workforce, drones, and the ‘connected farm.’ Post Covid-19, automation of agricultural industry has become all the more relevant to the new norm set due to labour migration and shortage.

R. Dungani, M. Karina, Subyakto et al.

The agricultural waste fibers are of notable economic and cultural significance all over the world are used for building materials, as a decorative product and as a versatile raw product. Agricultural waste fibers also have significant potential in composite due to its high strength, environmentally friendly nature, low cost, availability and sustainability. The agricultural waste is one of the most important problems that must be resolved for the conservation of global environment. The potential properties of agricultural waste fibers have sparked a lot of research to use these fibers as a material to replace man-made fibers for safe and environmentally friendly product. Agricultural waste is seen as one potential source of renewable energy. Their availability is obtained from oil palm plantations and some other agricultural industry such as rice husk, rice straw, sugarcane, pineapple, banana and coconut. Agricultural waste produces large amounts of biomass that are classified as natural fibers which until now only 10% are used as alternative raw materials for several industry, such as biocomposites, automotive component, biomedical and others.