پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعۀ جامعهشناختی طرحهای توسعۀ شهری محلهمحور و سناریوهای احتمالی پیشروی این طرحها با تمرکز بر پروژۀ بازطراحی میدان مهران کرج و واکنشهای اجتماعی ناخواسته به این طرح انجام گرفته است.
روش اجرای پروژه مبتنی بر گردآوری، ترکیب و تحلیل دادهها به دو شیوۀ کمی و کیفی است. در بخش کمی از تکنیک پرسشنامه و در بخش کیفی از تکنیک مصاحبۀ فردی، گروهی، بررسی اسناد و مطالعات تطبیقی استفاده شد. روش تحلیل یافتهها تحلیلی و توصیفی، تحلیل محتوا، سناریونویسی و تحلیل ذینفعان است.
براساس نتایج میدانی، ذینفعان صاحبنفوذ و دارای قدرت اجتماعی (پلیس راهور، معاونت ترافیک شهرداری کرج، سازمان سیما و منظر شهرداری کرج، صاحبان مراکز تجاری و کسبوکار محلی و همچنین سرمایهگذاران و سازندگان مسکن) با اجرای طرح به شکل موجود مخالف هستند و طرح را عامل ترافیک و شلوغی بیشتر میدانند. مطالعۀ انجامگرفته بیانگر چهار سناریو مبتنی بر واکنشهای ناخواسته به این طرح است که عبارتاند از: سناریوی عدم اقدام، سناریوی تنش، سناریوی سازگاری منفعلانۀ متأثران و چهارم سناریوی تعدیل و اجرای مشارکتی پروژه.
یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد مجموعهای از عوامل درهمتنیده در محدودۀ این میدان، عامل ایجاد واکنشهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی ناخواستهای در محدودۀ این میدان میشود که توسعۀ محلهای را با چالش مواجه میکند و عامل تضاد و تعارض میشود. از میان چهار سناریوی ارائهشده، سناریوی تعدیل مورد تأیید مطالعۀ حاضر است و پیشنهادهایی در راستای آن ارائه شده است.
A főúri rezidenciákon zajló egykori sportélet és az azt kiszolgáló létesítmények szerepe eddig kevéssé került előtérbe a kerttörténeti kutatások kapcsán, annak ellenére, hogy már az ókorból is ismerünk a felső társadalmi réteg udvaraiban testgyakorlási céllal kialakított tereket, kerti elemeket. Előzetes kutatásaink során (Bölkei Blanka (2024) Sportélet a 19-20. századi kastélykertekben [Szakdolgozat] Konzulens: dr. Fekete Albert) bebizonyosodott, hogy a 19. század elejétől a második világháborúig tartó időszakban a magyarországi nemesi rezidenciák túlnyomó többségében jelen voltak különféle sporttevékenységek és sportlétesítmények, közülük pedig a lovassportok bizonyultak a legsokszínűbbnek és legnépszerűbbnek. Jelen kutatás célja a lovassportok különböző ágainak és a nemesi életforma összefüggéseinek feltárása, valamint a lovagláshoz kötődő létesítmények funkcionális és térszerkezeti szerepének elemzése a kastélykertek kialakulásában és fejlődésében. A vizsgálat különböző írott emlékek (pl. úti levelek, beszámolók, kastélyleírások, korabeli folyóiratcikkek) ismeretanyagára, képi forrásokra (térképek, fotók, tervek), illetve tárgyi emlékekre (helyszínen fennmaradt kerti elemek) támaszkodik, melyeket a témában megjelent szakcikkek, monográfiák, műemlékvédelmi célú dokumentációk (stb.) adatai egészítenek ki. A kutatás során számos hazai és néhány külföldi helyszín bejárására is sor került, melyek során az adott kastélyok jelenlegi tulajdonosaival, kezelőivel vagy bérlőivel, illetve a tulajdonos családok leszármazottjaival folytatott beszélgetések, valamint személyes tapasztalatok alapján bővült az anyag. Az elemzés eredményei azt mutatják, hogy a lovassport valóban jelentős hatással volt a nemesek mindennapi életének és ezáltal rezidenciáik környezetének kialakításában. Egyfelől a nemesség fizikai jóllétét szolgálta, másfelől pedig a gazdasági, az erkölcsi és a kulturális erő szimbólumaként jelent meg, s gyakran diplomáciai eszközként is szolgált, erősítve a kastélytulajdonosok vezető társadalmi pozícióját.
In recent years, the changing pattern of human activities, increasing data regarding the spatial environment, and the possibility of collecting and processing this data allowed us to reconsider how we approach urban design, with a focus on a digital-oriented and data-driven perspective. In this study, we examine the evolution of urban design by analyzing the roles of designers and citizen empowerment. Our analysis includes a literature review and semi-structured interviews with computational design experts. In this sense, the literature is reviewed to investigate previous discussions and findings about the topic, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with seven computational design experts. The experts were selected by considering two criteria: (1) their experience with computational urban design subjects in practice and (2) their academic research background. This study concludes that technology-driven urban design solutions change designers' relationship with data, opening new avenues for objective, data-driven & data-informed decision-making. There are few differences between traditional and computational design practices regarding user empowerment and participatory design. Moreover, technology-driven urban design tools and methods are still in their early stages and are rarely used in actual projects.
The development of technology has led to the emergence of legal issues related to the rights and regulations of the use of content in computer technology. The legal framework for intellectual property has evolved as software has moved from being viewed as an idea or algorithm to a tangible process or machine. In this context, two opposing currents emerged: one believes that intellectual property is crucial for society and the economy, while the other denies the existence of intellectual property and advocates the impossibility of possessing knowledge.
Post-industrial sites in Chinese cities are being redeveloped as catalysts for urban regeneration, often tuning into the creative cultures of these cities to provide platforms for creative enterprises to flourish. The success of these projects in driving the development of China’s creative economy, however, has led to many imitative redevelopment projects, creating a blueprint for the format of industrial zones and cultural parks in cities. Many recent urban renewal projects have placed great emphasis on commercial and practical aspects of implementation and creative practice but have failed to respond to the different contexts of each location within the design and planning, and therefore performed poorly in providing opportunities for developing local enterprise or addressing social welfare needs. A recent funded research project has been conducted by an international cross-disciplinary team that is seeking different opportunities for developing relevant creative industries while retaining cultural and industrial heritage. The project focuses on regional culture and, with use of new methodologies, studies its impact on urban regeneration. By working with participants who are both site users and developers, this paper explores the research conducted so far and offers initial findings. Findings include that regenerations should integrate the characteristics of historic industrial sites with the new requirements of the creative industries. The major stakeholders whose impact on urban regenerations have also been identified and the most important factors for successful transformations from heavy to creative industry are discovered to be local geography, history, culture, politics, economy and ethnography.
This special issue investigates the role of technology in the co-production of urban services through six empirical articles based on case-studies from Asia, Africa and South America. This topic has not received yet extensive attention in the literature, despite the emergence of technology as the key mediator between the material and immaterial elements of co-production practice. Based on the analysis of the six contributions, this introductory paper presents nine key issues related to the role of technology in service co-production, which are considered from four analytical perspectives: materiality, knowledge, actors and outcome. Technology co-evolves with physical contexts and practices. It fosters synergic knowledge generation, while also being the product of its own application. It contributes to changing governance structures and the emergence of new intermediary actors. Finally, technology influences power dynamics and equality of access to service, resulting in service provision that may be inclusionary or exclusionary, emancipatory or restrictive.
Urban projects are developed partly to solve local problems but often have wider aims to influence policy and practise. However, there is very little long-term evaluation carried out, and few systematic efforts to link the experience gained in project development and implementation to wider learning and capacity building. I have written this opinion piece based on my experience both in practise in the public and private sectors and in teaching and research. The paper is divided into three parts. First, why urban projects and programmes are important for learning and capacity building. Second, how we learn from projects and the opportunities and barriers to learning. Third, how we could increase learning by explicitly including learning objectives in project planning and evaluation, strengthening links between practice and learning, and improving long-term access to project materials with learning potential.
Understanding the domicile and nationality is the key to properly adjudicating a case involving a foreign element by the judiciary. In this milieu, this paper aspires to analyse the concept of domicile and nationality with its evolving trend and evaluate the Nepalese judicial and legal policy on domicile and nationality through observation of international and local practices. Furthermore, this paper aims to trace the current policy gap in the legal and judicial interpretation of the domicile and nationality in the Nepalese context, including the citizenship bill. The paper concludes that connecting factors need to be used contextually on a case-to-case basis with proper policy genesis. It also prescribes key recommendations to address existing gaps, such as interpreting the habitual residence and nationality, domesticating the various Convention on the PIL such as Hague Conference on PIL, Law Applicable to Matrimonial Property Regimes, 1978, Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriage, 1978, etc.
SIMURG_CITIES, is the research and development project that is developed under the main project named as SIMURG: “A performance-based and Sustainability-oriented Integration Model Using Relational database architecture to increase Global competitiveness of Turkish construction industry in industry 5.0 era”, is the relational database model that is currently being developed in a dissertation for performance-based development and assessment of sustainable and sophisticated solutions for the built environment. This study aims to analyze the key performance indicators (KPIs) at «Cities Level» for the smart city concept that is referred to as «Layers» in the master project. KPIs for the concept of a smart city is determined by using the meta-analysis technique. Hence, the three most reputable urban journals issued from 2017 through 2020 are reviewed in this study. In addition to this, models of smart city frameworks/assessment tools/KPIs are reviewed within the context of this paper; environment, economy and governance were found to have domain themes on the urban sustainability according to the literature review. Consequently, efficient and integrated urban management, environmental monitoring and management, public and social services of urban development and sustainability are found to be the most important dimensions in urban and regional planning. SIMURG_CITIES evaluation models for urban projects can use the findings of this paper.
Farimah Sadat Jamali, Shahriar Khaledi, Mohammad Taghi Razavian
This paper studies the impact of parks as an element of urban green infrastructure on regulating surface temperature in the semi-arid city of Tehran, Iran. Land surface temperature (LST) of parks and their immediate surroundings, derived from Landsat images of winter to autumn 2017, are analysed in two urban districts with different local climate zones and population density levels. The results show that the highest levels of cooling impact are observed in spring and summer for parks larger than 1 ha in the compact midrise setting. Although area and vegetation cover influence the impact of parks in all sizes, parks shape becomes important in parks larger than 1 ha in open built zones. To benefit from LST regulating services of park vegetation cover and facilitate achieving sustainable urban landscapes, it is recommended to opt for 1–10 ha parks, where possible, and improve vegetation cover inside parks, particularly in parks smaller than 1 ha.
The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms the need for further research addressing the methodological concerns.
Roohollah Shahidipour, Elham Sangi, Hamed Mazaherian
et al.
Lack of performance assessment system in organizations is one of the main reasons for failure of their goals and missions. The pathology of the past assessment procedures in Tehran municipality shows that high number of indicators, being qualitative and having traditional approach have led to the failure to achieve the main purpose of assessment. The purpose of this study was to describe and prioritize the performance indicators of twenty-two districts of Tehran Municipality using fuzzy Delphi method to provide the necessary basis for realization of programs based on prioritized indicators. This was an applied research and data collection was carried out in a mixed method studies which has been performed with surveying of experts based on Dehphi fuzzy method. This paper summarized the significant and important indicators for evaluating the performance of Tehran Municipality using the opinions of elites and experts and prioritizes each indicator for sub-units of Tehran Municipality. The results showed cash realization rate, average time to issue a building license, staff satisfaction, improved bus performance, transportation and waste collection and mechanized cleaning services, cultural, national and religious performance status, quality of care at the request of the citizens had the highest priority in the seven areas, respectively.
Rapid urbanization has led to the influx of people into urban areas as people seek better life opportunities. This migration has however largely not been planned, resulting in population explosions in the cities. Relying on existing research on the topic and government reports, this study finds that many middle and low-income families in Kenya have ended up living in informal settlements in urban areas due to housing unaffordability. The study further determines that the problem of housing is more pronounced in developing countries. Studies related to this issue establish that the housing crisis cannot only be attributed to rural-urban migration but also other factors like failed housing policies, poor housing financial systems, too much interference in the running of housing by the government and complex land tenure systems among others. This research, therefore, identifies the critical housing crisis issues, housing policy gaps in Kenya and proposes policy actions and the potential role of governments in a housing market to address affordability challenges. The study establishes the role of government and other institutions in the housing sector and proposes the land and housing reforms which can add knowledge to future research in similar areas.
The starting point of this study is the fact that every production system entails a specific spatial organization and changes its physical environment. This research is an attempt to understand the industrialization period of Turkey’s Early Republican Period (1930’s) and the spatial effects of the new production system. Right after the Turkish War of Independence, The Republican Government of Turkey had aimed to establish an independent country and started to carry out a modernization and contemporization project. This project had different dimensions appealing to the institutional, economical, social and civic aspects of Turkey. The economical dimension included the industrialization and economical independence of Turkey. Besides its economical, political and social goals, the Republican Government had aimed to change the physical appearance of the country. The Government’s first goal was to turn the country into the space of National Turkish Republic State from an empire’s land. Secondly, the small towns or settlements of the country were supposed to become modern cities, the places of modernity, just like the modern cities of the industrial and developed countries of the world. That explains why the factories which were set up all around the country had played such a crucial role in the modernization period of Turkey at the beginning of the Republican era. They were not only economical achievements of the state; they also affected their physical and social environments and introduced the modern way of living particularly where they were set up.
The uprising of protests around the world in recent years, with protesters retaking the streets and demanding their voices be heard, has highlighted democracy’s disappearance. The crux of this argument centres on the process of governing, seemingly geared at ensuring market values are the only ‘sensible’ logic in planning processes. This study assesses whether the deployment of a transcendental ideal of planning discourse – sustainability – can be directed towards achieving capital accumulation through the transformations of governance practice. In this context, a case study in Malaysia is presented to demonstrate the complex ways in which the social order is regulated, as to what extent and through what processes participation matters in the planning process. The data were drawn from in-depth interviews with planners, members of parliament, local councillors,developers and non-government organisations.The findings highlighted the tensions between competing actors in the planning system and emphasised the imbalance of power under which the public have few options to resist.
As the town of Canoas has transitioned from a fishing village to a growing tourist town, the beaches have become the center of economic and cultural activities. The occupation of beaches by small scale vendors has created conflict among different groups including hotel developers, surfers, migrants, and local politicians. These groups have different aesthetics and ideas of public space, creating conflicting over what beaches should look like and how they should be used. This research analyzes the day to day practices through which different groups claim beach spaces and the ways these claims are challenged. These conflicts illustrate the struggles over environmental governance between municipal, state, and federal governments. This research contextualizes the occupation of public space in a longer legal history of land occupation and environmental protection in Brazil, examining the constant negotiations between traditional and legal systems of land rights.
Housing is one of the fundamental needs for human to respond their primary needs such as food, rest, cleaning and having family, in other words, everything that related to the needs of body and soul of a human. Nowadays by increasing the population in the world the suitable shelter becomes a real problem. In the point of economic also the prices of the houses increase too much so it is not affordable for low-income people to have shelter easily. After the revolution in Iran country, there is huge immigration from the rural part to metropolitan areas. Most of these peoples belong to a low-income family, new couples and labours. Governments try to solve this problem by creating some policies. The aim of this study is to analyze the crime in affordable houses located in suburbs area. This research will answer the important factor that causes crime in affordable housing in suburbans. The case study in this research is Mehr houses created for low-income people in Iran. This research analyzed the factors which may cause to raise the crime in that area based on the literature review and previous analysis by different theories in this field. Data is collected by literature review, news, books, papers. The result of this research confirms the possibility of Mehr affordable houses in suburbs transfer to the area that raises the crime.