Danko Dan Milinkovic, Riccardo D'Ambrosi, John Xerogeanes
et al.
Abstract Purpose To evaluate current preferences, techniques and indications regarding the use of the quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) among members of the International Quadriceps Tendon Interest (IQTI) group. Methods An online survey consisting of 30 single‐ and multiple‐choice questions was distributed to all IQTI members (n = 45), representing an international group of orthopaedic surgeons with specific expertise in QT‐based ACLR. The survey was conducted in conjunction with the second IQTI meeting, and responses were collected over a 2‐month period (June–July 2025). Results Thirty‐two high‐volume, experienced surgeons completed the questionnaire (32/45; response rate, 71%; 28 male and 4 female). The QT was the preferred primary graft choice for ACLR in 61% (n = 20) of respondents, while 89% (n = 28) used it for revision ACLR and 72% (n = 23) for multiligamentous injuries. Preoperative QT measurement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound was performed always or often by 34% (n = 11). Tendon defect closure after harvest was routinely performed by 94% (n = 30), and 33% (n = 11) reported always or often harvesting a bone block. Adjustable‐loop suspensory fixation was most commonly used on the femoral side (61%, n = 20), whereas tibial fixation was most frequently achieved with interference screws (72%, n = 23). One‐third of surgeons (33%, n = 11) reported modifying their rehabilitation protocol when using QT compared with other grafts. The most frequently observed short‐term complications were transient quadriceps weakness and extensor lag. Conclusion This international survey shows that the QT autograft is a well‐established option in ACLR among experienced knee surgeons, particularly in revision and complex settings. At the same time, persistent variability in primary graft selection and reported rehabilitation and technical considerations indicate that QT use remains individualized within a spectrum of effective autograft choices. Level of Evidence Level V, expert statement.
Michał krawczyk, Marek Jarosław Molenda, Oliwia Brygida Woszczyńska
et al.
Regular physical activity plays a vital role in supporting physical, mental, and social well-being, particularly among younger populations. However, rapid technological advancements and the growing popularity of digital entertainment have led to increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Pokémon GO, an augmented reality (AR) game, has emerged as a potential tool to counteract this trend by encouraging outdoor activity and real-world social interaction. Despite numerous studies indicating positive effects of the game on physical activity, mental health, and social engagement, the existing research remains fragmented. This umbrella review aims to synthesize current evidence on the public health impact of Pokémon GO. By analyzing findings from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and literature reviews, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the game’s influence on health-related behaviors. The review highlights Pokémon GO's potential to promote physical activity and social connectivity, while also acknowledging the need for further standardized, long-term studies to fully understand both its benefits and associated risks.
Silvia Giagio, Tamara Rial-Rebullido, Stefano Salvioli
et al.
Abstract Background Emerging literature indicates that women increasingly turn to social media for medical information, including on diastasis recti abdominis (DRA). However, the quality of this information remains unclear. This study evaluated Instagram (IG) content related to DRA, exercise, and sports, and explored its perceived impact on the behaviours of women with DRA. Methods A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. Public IG posts were analysed using the QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and exercise and sports suggestions for women with DRA were extracted. A global survey and semi-structured interviews with women diagnosed with DRA explored their IG experiences and its impact on exercise and sports participation. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed. Results Among the 1,000 posts screened, 28 were included. The majority (61%, n = 17) provided non-evidence-based suggestions; only 7.1% (n = 2) mentioned a scientific source. QUEST scores highlighted poor information quality. Twenty women with DRA participated in the interviews, from which six themes emerged: (1) Navigating DRA information; (2) Contrasting perceptions of DRA, exercise, and sports content on IG; (3) Disparities in exercise and sports suggestions on IG; (4) The influence of IG content on exercise and sports participation: a range from fear and avoidance to empowerment; (5) Beyond IG: information on DRA, exercise, and sports; (6) How women select and evaluate their information sources. Suggestions supported by literature positively influenced the lives of 20% of women (n = 4). Conversely, women reported experiencing confusion, misinformation, and nocebo effects due to assertive, non-evidence-based content. Both quantitative and qualitative findings highlighted the presence of prescriptive do/do not exercise and sports lists. Conclusions IG plays a complex role in disseminating health information about DRA, exercise, and sports, offering valuable support, but can also pose significant risks of misinformation. Collaboration among healthcare and fitness professionals, and researchers is essential to enhance the accuracy and reliability of information on social media, thereby improving overall health outcomes and sports engagement.
Gynecology and obstetrics, Public aspects of medicine
Abstract Introduction Declining physical activity among university students has become a concern, with increasingly poor dietary behaviors and other unfavorable factors having an impact on the occurrence of psychological symptoms. Previous studies have analyzed the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological symptoms, but few studies have investigated the association between soy product consumption and these symptoms. In addition, the associations between physical activity and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms have not been investigated. Methods In this study, 7267 university students from different regions of China were surveyed regarding physical activity, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations among MVPA, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to further analyze the associations of MVPA and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms in this population. Results The detection rate of psychological symptoms among Chinese university students was 17.9%, with the rate among female students (18.9%) higher than that among male students (16.6%). The proportion of university students with MVPA < 30 min/d, 30–60 min/d, and > 60 min/d was 76.1%, 19.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, and the proportion with soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/wk, 3–5 times/wk, and ≥ 5 times/wk was 25.8%, 42.4%, and 31.7%, respectively. The GLM showed that compared with university students who had MVPA < 30 min/d and soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/week, those with the lowest risk of developing psychological symptoms had MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption ≥ 6 times/week (OR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.100–0.393, P < 0.001). This group was followed by university students with MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption 3–5 times/week (OR = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.102–0.479, P < 0.001). Conclusion In terms of research, there is an association between physical activity and soy product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. The results of our study suggest that integrated intervention for psychological symptoms among university students is needed from the perspectives of physical activity and dietary behavior to promote good mental health in this population.
Harry P. Cintineo, Marissa L. Bello, Alexa J. Chandler
et al.
Background Tactical athletes require fast reaction times (RT) along with high levels of vigilance and marksmanship performance. Caffeine has been shown to improve these measures but also results in increased blood pressure and jitteriness. Research on other purine alkaloids, such as methylliberine and theacrine, has suggested they do not increase blood pressure or jitteriness to the same extent, but their impact on tactical performance is unknown. Methods A between-subjects, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used to test the effects of placebo (PLA), 300 mg caffeine (CAF), and a combination of 150 mg caffeine, 100 mg methylliberine, and 50 mg theacrine (CMT) on RT and marksmanship along with hemodynamic and arousal measures following a sustained vigilance task in tactical personnel (n = 48). Following consumption of the supplement, participants underwent a 150-min protocol consisting of two rounds. Each round began with leisurely reading followed by a 30-min vigilance task before beginning two trials of movement and marksmanship tasks. Hemodynamics and felt arousal were assessed throughout the protocol. Composite Z-scores were calculated for overall performance measures at each timepoint, and mixed-effects models were used to assess differences in RT, accuracy, and composite Z-scores along with hemodynamics and felt arousal. An α-level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance, and Cohen’s d was used to quantify effect sizes. Results A Group-by-Time interaction for vigilance RT (P = 0.038) indicated improvements for both CAF and CMT from round 1 to round 2 (P < 0.01) while PLA did not change (P = 0.27). No Group main effects or Group-by-Time interactions were found for movement or marksmanship performance (P > 0.20). Group main effects for systolic (SBP; P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.028) indicated higher SBP in CAF (P = 0.003, d= 0.84) and CMT (P = 0.007, d= 0.79) compared to PLA but only higher DBP in CAF (P = 0.025, d= 0.74). No Group-by-Time interaction or Group main effect was found for felt arousal (P > 0.16). Conclusions These findings suggest similar benefits on RT during a vigilance task between CAF, containing 300 mg caffeine, and CMT above PLA, though CAF resulted in slightly less favorable hemodynamic changes. This study is the first to provide data showing similar efficacy of combined caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine compared to double the caffeine dose consumed alone on vigilance RT but without a significant rise in DBP above PLA in tactical personnel.
Abstract Background Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but for certain patients with hematologic diseases with platelet dysfunction and patients receiving anti-platelet medications, autologous PRP is not an optimum solution. Allogeneic PRP has been proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rotator cuff disease, refractory wounds and other medical fields. However, a well-designed and long-term follow-up prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of allogeneic PRP intra-articular injections for KOA combined with hematologic blood dyscrasias has not yet been performed. Methods/ design We will conduct an allogeneic PRP injection for KOA combined with hematologic blood dyscrasias with platelet dysfunction study: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred participants with KOA combined with hematologic blood dyscrasias with platelet dysfunction will be randomly allocated to receive either one allogeneic PRP injection or one saline injection into the knee joint. The primary outcome will be a 12-month change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Secondary outcomes will be the 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) score, Lysholm score, overall knee pain score and MRI assessment at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month. Discussion The results of this study will help determine whether allogeneic PRP could be used as a non-surgical intervention to treat patients with knee OA combined with hematologic blood dyscrasias with platelet dysfunction. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry reference: ChiCTR2100048624. Prospectively registered 11th of July 2021.
Floris H. de Vos, Duncan E. Meuffels, Marleen de Mul
et al.
Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a very common knee injury in the sport active population. There is much debate on which treatment (operative or non-operative) is best for the individual patient. In order to give a more personalized recommendation we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a treatment algorithm for patients with a complete primary ACL rupture. Methods The ROTATE-trial is a multicenter, open-labeled cluster randomized controlled trial with superiority design. Randomization will take place on hospital level (n = 10). Patients must meet all the following criteria: aged 18 year or older, with a complete primary ACL rupture (confirmed by MRI and physical examination) and maximum of 6 weeks of non-operative treatment. Exclusion criteria consists of multi ligament trauma indicated for surgical intervention, presence of another disorder that affects the activity level of the lower limb, pregnancy, and insufficient command of the Dutch language. The intervention to be investigated will be an adjusted treatment decision strategy, including an advice from our treatment algorithm. Patient reported outcomes will be conducted at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Physical examination of the knee at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcome will be function of the knee measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are, among others, the Tegner activity score, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Healthcare use, productivity and satisfaction with ((non-)operative) care are also measured by means of questionnaires. In total 230 patients will be included, resulting in 23 patients per hospital. Discussion The ROTATE study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a treatment algorithm for patients with a complete primary ACL rupture compared to current used treatment strategy. Using a treatment algorithm might give the much-wanted personalized treatment recommendation. Trial registration This study is approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam and prospectively registered at the Dutch Trial Registry on May 13th, 2020. Registration number: NL8637.
Mauricio Ramírez-Maldonado, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Juan del Coso
et al.
Background There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. Methods Using a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design, 15 active caffeine-naïve men (age: 32 ± 7 years) completed a graded exercise test four times at seven-day intervals. The subjects ingested 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo at 8 am in the morning and 5 pm in the afternoon (each subject completed tests under all four conditions in a random order). A graded cycling test was performed. MFO and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured by indirect calorimetry, and the intensity of exercise that elicited MFO (Fatmax) calculated. Results MFO, Fatmax and VO2max were significantly higher in the afternoon than in the morning (all P < 0.05). Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased mean MFO by 10.7% (0.28 ± 0.10 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09 g/min respectively, P < 0.001) in the morning, and by a mean 29.0% (0.31 ± 0.09 vs. 0.40 ± 0.10 g/min, P < 0.001) in the afternoon. Caffeine also increased mean Fatmax by 11.1% (36.9 ± 14.4 [placebo] vs. 41.0 ± 13.1%, P = 0.005) in the morning, and by 13.1% (42.0 ± 11.6 vs. 47.5 ± 10.8%, P = 0.008) in the afternoon. Conclusion These findings confirm the previously reported diurnal variation in the whole-body fat oxidation rate during graded exercise in active caffeine-naïve men, and indicate that the acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine increases MFO, Fatmax and VO2max independent of the time of day. Trial registration NCT04320446. Registered 25 March 2020 - Retrospectively registered
<p><strong>Introduction and purpose of the work: </strong>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects up to 10% of the population. The deterioration in health-related quality of life in IBS patients has been shown to be comparable to, and perhaps even more severe than, other serious chronic organic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. The aim of the study is to present a new method of IBS treatment.</p><p><strong>State of knowledge: </strong>There are four main types of IBS: Constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Fluctuating IBS (IBS-M), and the unclassified form of IBS (IBS-U). Disturbances in entero-brain interactions play a key role in its multifactorial etiopathogenesis. In patients with IBS, quantitative and qualitative disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can be found. So far, it has not been possible to clearly establish the cause of the disease, so there is no possibility of causal therapy and effective cure. Both non-pharmacological methods and drugs, including rifaximin α, have been used in IBS therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Rifaximin has a positive effect on the symptoms of IBS. In clinical trials conducted in patients with IBS, the use of rifaximin for 2 weeks was associated with a reduction in the severity of joint symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain and discomfort, and an improvement in stool consistency within 4 and 12 weeks, and did not increase the risk of side effects. In the forms: with predominant diarrhea, mixed and unclassified, in order to reduce the overall symptoms as well as reduce the severity of flatulence and / or diarrhea, a 14-day therapy with rifaximin α is recommended.</p>
Agnieszka Wawryniuk, Katarzyna Kopeć, Robert Jan Łuczyk
et al.
<p align="left"><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>A Latin adage says that "good health is better than the greatest wealth." [3] It has been known for a long time that the heart is the most important organ that works continuously throughout life to properly nourish all tissues, and thus determines the proper functioning and health of the entire human body. Meanwhile, despite the development of science, the advancement of diagnosis and treatment techniques, cardiovascular diseases, often leading to a heart attack, are the leading cause of death in most developed countries. [4]. Estimates of the National Centre For Heart Statistic say that 143 million people worldwide suffer from ischemic heart disease. [6]. A past of myocardial infarction, despite the high mortality, also affects the quality of life of patients. According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is an individual way in which an individual perceives his or her position in life in relation to the culture and value system in which he or she functions, as well as in the context of expectations, tasks and standards set by environmental determinants. [5]. The medical approach to the quality of life consists in identifying the patient's problems related to his physical, mental and social activity resulting from the disease and the treatment used, as well as describing his views on health and subjective well-being.</p>
أستهدف البحث تصميم برنامج باستخدام الحقيبة التعليمية ومعرفة تاثيره على:الرضا الحرکى، ومستوى أداء بعض المهارات المنهجية فى الهوکى لطلاب الفرقة الثالثة تخصص تدريس الهوکى بکلية التربية الرياضية– جامعة أسيوط، وأستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبى على عينة قوامها (40) طالباً بالفرقة الثالثة تخصص تدريس الهوکى بکلية التربية الرياضية– جامعة أسيوط، وتم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين إحداهما تجريبية والأخرى ضابطة قوام کل منهما (20) طالباً. ومن أدوات البحث : إختبارات بدنية ومهارية – مقياس الرضا الحرکى - إختبار القدرات العقلية العامة "الذکاء" - الحقيبة التعليمية المقترحة. ومن أهم الأساليب الإحصائية : المتوسط الحسابي - الإنحراف المعياري - الوسيط - معامل الإلتواء - معامل الإرتباط – إختبار" ت " T.Test - نسبة التحسن %. ومن أهم النتائج : 1- يؤثر إستخدام أسلوب الحقيبة التعليمية تأثيراً إيجابياً دال إحصائياً عند مستوى 0.05 على مستوى أداء بعض المهارات المنهجية فى الهوکى والرضا الحرکى لطلاب الفرقة الثالثة تخصص تدريس الهوکى بکلية التربية الرياضية– جامعة أسيوط. 2- يؤثر إستخدام أسلوب التعلم بالأمر(الطريقة التقليدية) تأثيراً إيجابياً دالة إحصائياً عند مستوى 0.05 على مستوى أداء بعض المهارات المنهجية فى الهوکى فى حين لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائياً فى الرضا الحرکى. 3- توجد فروق دالة إحصائياً عند مستوى 0.05 بين القياسين البعديين للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة فى مستوى أداء بعض المهارات المنهجية فى الهوکى والرضا الحرکى لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. ومن أهم التوصيات : استخدام الحقيبة التعليمية المقترحة لتعلم وإتقان المهارات المنهجية فى الهوکى وتحسين الرضا الحرکى لطلاب کلية التربية الرياضية – جامعة أسيوط.
The aim of the study was to determine the features of industrial development in modern decentralization.
Materials and methods. This study is based on the study of literature sources that characterize the problems of industrial nature management, features of development and operation, geospatial features of industry. The most well-known literary sources are analyzed, namely monographs, reporting materials, articles, reports concerning the problems of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization.
Results. Decentralization contributes to the development of the economy, as the authorities respond more quickly to the demands and needs of society. Decentralization processes are improving the so-called investment climate, resulting in economic growth. That is why it is important to consider the factors influencing the development of industry in today's decentralization. We highlight the political and legal, economic, socio-demographic, technological factors of industrial development. On their example, we will consider features of development of the industry in the conditions of modern decentralization.
Conclusion. The analysis of development factors and structural transformations in industry has revealed a number of sharp contradictions that create many risks for the existence of the industry itself, as well as the economy and social sphere of the country. This poses a number of serious challenges to the country to overcome such contradictions as: the inconsistency of the general trend of the industry with the development of world industry in structural and technological terms; continuation of structural and organizational degradation of production with preservation of its export-raw material orientation and corresponding dependence on external conditions; increasing technological simplification and primitivization of production; inconsistency of domestic production with the needs of the population; the progressive decline of processing industries, including high-tech and fund-generating, for the domestic consumer market; high depreciation of fixed assets and unattractive investment of the industry, including for foreign investors; remoteness of the financial sector from servicing long-term investment needs of production; "Conservative" distribution of investment resources; lack of a mechanism for redistribution of investment resources in favor of promising industries. The identified contradictions and the resulting risks to the further functioning of the industry must be resolved as soon as possible for progressive changes and industrial development in the future.
<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Removal of the right or left lung can lead to postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension, venous stasis in the organs of the great circle of blood circulation and structural and functional changes in them. Morphological changes in endothelial cells of arteries of testes in postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension are insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Objective of the research:</strong> to study features of structural reorganization of testicular arteries at postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials of the research and their discussion.</strong> Morphological methods were used to study the structural rearrangement of the testicular arteries of 40 rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group included 11 intact animals, the 2nd - 19 rats with arterial hypertension in the small circulation and compensated pulmonary heart, the 3rd - 10 experimental animals with pulmonary arterial hypertension and decompensated pulmonary heart. Postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary heart were modeled by performing right pulmonectomy in rats. One month after the start of the experiment, rats were euthanized by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia. A separate weighing of the chambers of the heart, their planimetry. Pieces were cut from the testicles, which were fixed in 10% formalin solution, passed through ethyl alcohols of increasing concentration and placed in paraffin. Microtome sections after dewaxing were stained with different dyes. In the left and right testes, the outer and inner diameters of small-caliber arteries, media thickness, Kernogan index, endothelial cell height, diameter of their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in endotheliocytes, and relative volume of damaged cells were measured. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results of the research and their discussion. </strong>Morphometrically, it was found that with decompensation of the postresection pulmonary heart, the lumen of the small-caliber arteries of the left testicle decreased by 12.6 %. the Kernogan index - by 11.7 %, and the right - by 9.5 and 9.9 %, respectively. The relative volume of damaged endothelial cells of the studied vessels in right ventricular failure increased 11.6 times, and the right - 9.3 times.<strong></strong></p><p>Histological examination of the testicles micropreparations of experimental animals after right-sided pulmonectomy showed severe vascular disorders (plethora of mostly venous vessels of the microhemocirculatory tract, stasis, thrombosis, diapedetic perivasal hemorrhage), stromal and perivasal edema, noncystic edema, dystrophy, dystrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> It is established that in the conditions of the simulated pathology the wall thickens markedly, the lumen of the studied arteries narrows, endotheliocytes are damaged, structural cellular homeostasis is disturbed, which is complicated by their dysfunction, deterioration of blood supply, hypoxia, dystrophic, necrobiotic lesions. Structural changes in the arteries predominated in the left testis and in pulmonary heart decompensation.</p>
Murilo Esteves Nogueira, Gabriela Oliveira Baptista, João Paulo Vello Marqueti
et al.
O objetivo principal do treinamento resistido com pesos é promover a quebra da homeostase do organismo. Desde que dentro dos limites fisiológicos, o organismo gera o fenômeno da supercompensação, alcançando um novo nível de aptidão física. Diversas técnicas são usadas para alcançar o condicionamento físico, e a oclusão vascular (kaatsu training) surge como uma opção permeada por benefícios para sedentários e portadores de patologias, mas ainda com poucas evidências para a população treinada. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a magnitude de dano muscular no exercício resistido com e sem oclusão vascular em indivíduos treinados. Participaram 7 homens saudáveis e treinados. Foi utilizada a rosca bíceps no banco scotch, com 5 séries de repetições máximas com cargas de 40% de 1RM com a oclusão e 80% sem a oclusão. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue antes, imediatamente após, 24h e 48h após o exercício, com mensuração da CK, TGO e TGP. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na CK em nenhum dos momentos analisados, em ambas as técnicas. Com a TGO foram encontradas diferenças significaticas em ambas, imediatamente após, sem alterações nos demais momentos. A TGP teve o mesmo comportamento apenas no exercício sem oclusão. O nível de adaptação, o volume e o tipo de exercícios pode ser um fator de interferência quanto a comparação dos resultados. Conclui-se que em indivíduos treinados, exercícios de baixa itensidade com a oclusão vascular e de alta intensidade sem essa técica, causam magitude de dano muscular semelhante quando mensurado por meio de marcadores plasmáticos.
ABSTRACT
Comparison of plasma markers of muscle damage after the exercise of strength with and without vascular occlusion in physically active and healthy men
The main goal of resistance training is to promote the breakdown of the body's homeostasis. Since within the physiological limits, the organism generates the phenomenon of supercompensation, reaching a new level of physical fitness. Several techniques are used to achieve physical conditioning, and vascular occlusion (kaatsu training) emerges as an option permeated by benefits for sedentary and pathological patients, but still with little evidence for the trained population. The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude of muscle damage in resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion in trained individuals. 7 healthy and trained men participated. The biceps curl in the scotch bench was used, with 5 sets of maximal repetitions with loads of 40% of 1RM with occlusion and 80% without occlusion. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 24h and 48h after exercise, with measurement of CK, TGO and TGP. No statistically significant differences were found in CK in any of the analyzed moments, in both techniques. With the TGO, significant differences were found in both, immediately after, without changes in the other moments. TGP had the same behavior only in the non-occlusion exercise. The level of adaptation, the volume and the type of exercises can be an interference factor when comparing the results. It is concluded that in trained individuals, low intensity exercises with vascular occlusion and high intensity without this technique cause a similar magnitude of muscle damage when measured by plasmatic markers.
Monika Cyran, Martin Kudláček, Martin Block
et al.
Background: Following the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools worldwide, legislative changes have recently been introduced in Poland, facilitating educational inclusion of individuals with disabilities. However, practical implementation still requires further action. Attitudes are a major determinant of teachers' behavior. Therefore, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the instrument Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Physical Education (ATIPDPE) has been developed, and adapted to cultural contexts in several countries (e.g. South Africa, Slovenia, and Greece). Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate construct validity of the revised ATIPDPE-R instrument to the Polish cultural context (ATIPDPE-R-PL), in order to prepare a reliable scale to measure the attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers towards teaching students with physical disabilities in general PE classes.Methods: Participants were 158 in-service PE teachers (100 women and 58 men, range of age from 25 to 60, from primary and secondary schools) from Polish schools. Construct validity was obtained throughout the principal component analysis method (PCA). Reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, where the value of at least .7 was accepted as satisfactory.Results: Based on the analysis, the attitudinal scale of ATIPDPE-R-PL measured three psychological components, which came from the PCA, and explained 66% of the variance similar to the original scale.Conclusions: The three components were positive and negative outcomes for students and negative outcomes for teachers, however items in each component varied from the original scale.