Celia Sifre-Armengol, Jose M. Pavía, Josep Lledó Benito
BACKGROUND: Analysing mortality is relevant for decision-making. Life tables have traditionally been based on age and sex, assuming homogeneous mortality rates within these groups. This omits other factors that could affect mortality risks. Advances in information technology and improved access to official microdata now enable the construction of life tables that incorporate additional variables, offering a more detailed analysis. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to expand the classical approach of using age and sex by integrating additional risk factors related to the area of residence. Specifically, the factors of climate, habitat size, and income are considered, using detailed georeferenced population data at the census level. Additionally, we aim to estimate future central death rates using various forecasting models. METHODS: Utilising almost 2 billion microdata events from the Spanish population between 2010 and 2019, we begin by estimating new life tables that incorporate climate, habitat size, and income as risk factors. Then, after addressing random variations, erratic peaks, and the unexplained observed decline in mortality at extreme older ages, we use a triad of classical longevity models to project future mortality trends. All the generated data are offered in a public repository. CONTRIBUTION: The database introduced in this paper can be used by social planners, demographers, and insurers, as well as being employed to validate existing findings and explore new research questions, particularly within the demographic and actuarial-economic fields.
Elinor Randi Schoenfeld, Tracy Trimboli, Kaylyn Schwartz
et al.
By 2050, most adults aged 65 and older in the United States will want to age independently at home, a goal that will strain healthcare resources. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 112) were recruited for study participation between 2018 and 2022. They completed surveys and participated in discussion sessions to explore their needs and opinions regarding smart home sensors. Survey results indicated that older adults’ comfort with smart home sensors increased with their perceived need for monitoring when home alone (OR = 1.46; <i>p</i> = 0.012) or sick/recovering from an illness (OR = 2.21; <i>p</i> < 0.001). When sick compared to when healthy, individuals were 2.65 times more likely to prefer installing multiple sensors in the living room, 1.75 times more likely in the kitchen, 3.66 times more likely in the bedroom, and 3.41 times more likely in the bathroom (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding data sharing, participants were most willing to share information with healthcare providers and family members on a regular basis (80 and 81%, respectively) and 71% on a regular basis or when sick/recovering. Comfort with data sharing with professional caregivers (OR = 1.67; <i>p</i> = 0.0017) and monitoring companies (OR = 1.34; <i>p</i> = 0.030) significantly increased when sick/recovering. Discussion sessions highlighted overwhelming concerns about personal security/privacy, loss of independence, and ethical issues in data collection. Participants emphasized the need for new systems to be flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly, and respectful of user autonomy, accommodating diverse life stages, comfort levels, home environments, income levels, and support structures. Insights are now informing sensor data collection in our model home. Study findings underscore the importance of involving potential users in technology development to create effective and acceptable solutions for aging in place.
With the continuous advancement of digital globalization, enterprises need to seek development opportunities in the context of diversification and resource shortage. Frugal innovation provides a new way for enterprises to realize social value and create a win-win situation. Based on 113 enterprises’ survey data, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) are used to explore the multiple concurrency factors and causality mechanisms of digital transformation, organizational resilience, learning from failure and design thinking for frugal innovation. It is found that: (1) Digital transformation, organizational resilience, internal learning from failure, external learning from failure and design thinking cannot effectively stimulate frugal innovation alone, and linkage matching of multiple antecedents is needed to promote frugal innovation. (2) There are three paths to producing high frugal innovation, namely, external learning from failure and design thinking driving under digital transformation learning from failure driving under design thinking guidance, organizational resilience driving under digital transformation. (3) There are two paths to produce non-high frugal innovation, which are asymmetrical with high frugal innovation path. Our results are helpful for the study of digital transformation and frugal innovation at the enterprise level. In addition, our research results also provide practical solutions and a theoretical basis for enterprises to carry out frugal innovation activities under the new economic normal.
Este artigo pretende identificar espaços da ordem em disputa no Centro Histórico de Florianópolis e analisar criticamente qual a relação desse patrimônio material com discursos de poder; problematizar as posturas e as recentes intervenções do poder público que objetivam uma nova identidade para o Centro; reconhecer a articulação de uma infraestrutura crítica e polemizar a sua influência na opinião pública e nas decisões políticas incidentes nesta área central.
Fábio Tonissi Moroni, Raquel Borges-Moroni, Eduardo Loebel
et al.
Instalações animais são locais onde ocorre reprodução, manutenção ou experimentação em seres vivos para atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Atualmente, elas são legalizadas. Mesmo assim, isso não é suficiente para convencer alguns setores da sociedade civil sobre a necessidade da existência desses espaços. Portanto, para preservar a boa reputação das universidades, é justificável fortalecer a comunicação interna. Logo, este trabalho propõe etapas para a construção desse plano de comunicação. Como resultado, sugerem-se sete passos, os quais são discutidos sob a ótica das teorias institucionais.
Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia (MP) with secondary MRSA bloodstream infections (MRSA-BSI) (termed MP-BSI) compared with MP alone and to study the incidence of MP-BSI among patients with MP. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study with clinical data derived from previous medical records. The cases were divided into groups: MP alone and MP-BSI. The determination of independent risk factors for MP-BSI relied on logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the crude outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 435 patients with MP were recruited, with 18.9% (82/435) having MP-BSI. The median age was 62 (interquartile range, 51,72) years, and 74.5% of the patients were male. Multivariate analysis revealed that immunosuppression, community-acquired MP (CA-MP), time from initial to targeted antibiotic use, high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, increased respiratory rate, and elevated γ-GT level (all p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for MP-BSI, while targeted treatment with linezolid was a protective factor. Patients with MP-BSI had a longer duration of hospitalization (median days, 27.5 vs. 19, p = 0.001), a higher 28-day mortality rate (24.4% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001), and a higher in-hospital mortality rate (26.8% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.009) than those with MP alone. Conclusion: Secondary MRSA-BSI among patients with MP is not rare. Immunosuppression, CA-MP, time from initial to targeted antibiotic use, high SOFA score, increased respiratory rate and elevated γ-GT level are all independent risk factors for MP-BSI; however, linezolid, as a targeted antibiotic, is a protective factor. Moreover, patients with MP may have worse clinical outcomes when they develop MRSA-BSI.
Introduction
This paper aims to investigate the commonly used, symbolic and visual metaphor “Chang” (Persian Harp) in Persian poetry. After reviewing the works of Persian poets, written from the 4th century AH to the present day, we found out that the word “Chang”, which originally refers to a musical instrument (Harp), has taken on different connotations throughout the history of literary styles and movements. Some of these connotations have been internalized by Persian poets and widely used by different historical schools of poetry and are still used in the works of contemporary poets. Among the various connotations of “Chang”, the concept of “senescence” is applied mostly. Using the cognitive theory of contemporary metaphor, in this article, the multiple related meanings of the literary term “Chang” and its visual schema in verses with analogical or metaphorical phrases will be analyzed.
Methodology
This research was conducted using a documentary analysis method and the qualitative analysis of the documentary. The data were collected through a desk research method. Also, the sample sentences were gathered from anthologies of greatest poets from the 4th century to the present day. In this regard, the various conceptualizations of “Chang” were examined and then, their metaphorical connotations were extracted and classified. It is worth noting that the literal sense of the word “Chang” (the musical instrument) is not considered here and the analysis is limited to the analogical or metaphorical aspects of the aforementioned term.
Discussion
The musical instruments, as represented in literary works of different cultures and ethnicities, convey certain cultural codes and represent various symbolic meanings. By studying the use of musical instruments in the literature, myths or folklores of a culture, one can understand what beliefs it represents and what messages it transports to future generations. Persian poets have portrayed the word “Chang” through dynamic images and figures of speech. For Persian poets, “Chang” was not an inanimate object, but rather an animated creature. Due to its curved shape, Persian Harp (Chang) is also recognized as “arched Harp”. This exceptional aspect of Iranian harp, has inspired great Persian poets to create countless numbers of similes and metaphors. “Synesthesia”, as Europeans call it, is a rhetorical device through which one can describe a sense in terms of another and is capable to convey a wide range of meanings (Shafiei Kadkani, 1991, p. 271). Among senses engaged in “synesthesia”, the sense of sight (visual perception) has a high potential to express the figure, size and color of the objects. The point of resemblance between “Chang” and the hunchbacked elderlies has to do with its appearance: Persian “Chang” is curved and because of this quality, many Persian poets have made a resemblance between this musical instrument and the elderlies’ curved back.
Also, the concept has been used in opposition to the upright posture of the young. Furthermore, the curvature of “Chang” has been applied as a metaphor to describe the imaginary resemblance between the elderly and firmament. Percepting time as an object is another example of metaphorizing a metaphysical idea (Golfam and Zafaranloo, 2009, p. 124). Here, Chang is an object which, due to its curved structure, bears a resemblance to an old person (time as an old experienced elderly).
Also, the concept has been used in opposition to the upright posture of the young. Furthermore, the curvature of “Chang” has been applied as a metaphor to describe the imaginary resemblance between the elderly and firmament. Percepting time as an object is another example of metaphorizing a metaphysical idea (Golfam and Zafaranloo, 2009, p. 124). Here, Chang is an object which, due to its curved structure, bears a resemblance to an old person (time as an old experienced elderly).
Making a comparison between the curvature of “Chang” and the curved elderly, was started in the course of 6th AH. There are hardly any examples of such comparisons in poems from 4th and 5th century AH. The first generation of the Persian poets, such as Rudaki and Ferdowsi, used “Chang” in a literal sense and the figurative usage of the term was rare during this era. It is noteworthy that during 5th century, poets were more inclined to use metaphors and similes, but using “Chang” as a figure of speech was still infrequent. However, in the course of the 6th and 7th AH centuries, analogizing “Chang” to senescence became popular among poets and emerged to be the source of several splendid literary images. Khaqani Shervani, one of the greatest poets in 6th century, is well known for creating splendid Chang-related images. During the 8th and 9th centuries, sonneteers like Hafez and Jami invented novel metaphors and in doing so, they added more creative concepts to the old image of “Chang” as an old person with a hunchback. In fact, by mapping the curvature of Chang to the concept of old firmament, they coined a new metaphor. Persian poets of the 13th century reproduced the same metaphors and similes in their works.
For the 7th century poets, “Chang” played the role of a spiritual advisor, a concept that was replicated in the poetry of the next generation (for example in Hafez’s sonnets). Traditional Persian poets claimed that the stature of “Chang” is arched because it is sad and because it has been mourning for it’s separated beloved for a long time. Such conceptualization started from the poetry school in the 5th century.
The other poetical cause attributed to the curved structure of “Chang” has to do with its humiliation and its posture that brings to mind a servant who is bowing to his master or is bowing respectfully. These concepts have been frequently used in Sanai and Saadi’s poetry. In several Persian works, “Chang” is depicted as a company for wine. In some couplets, “Chang” is described as a sincere person who contrasts hypocritical piety. In order to play a “Chang”, a musician should embrace it. Many poets mentioned this unique characteristic in their poems and described it as a characteristic which distinguishes “Chang” from other musical instruments.
Conclusion
In this study, the polysemic functions of a literary concept (i.e., Chang) and its schema were analyzed through a contemporary approach to cognitive metaphor. In Persian poetry, “Chang” is portrayed as an animated creature and even as human being. To transfer this imaginary interpretation, poets have utilized similes and metaphors. These concepts have repeatedly appeared throughout the history of poetry style and have reoccurred in the contemporary poetry discourse. Similes and metaphors for “Chang”, are generally related to human’s sense of sight.
The schemas of “Chang”, represented throughout different eras of Persian poetry, are divided into three categories. Among these, the most important one is the resemblance between the arched structure of “Chang” and the curved stature of an elderly man. The concept of “Chang” as an old person, has given rise to other imaginary concepts including: “Chang” as an old firmament and as an elderly who gives advice to the young.
The other similes or metaphors that are stemmed from the concept of the curved “Chang” are as follows: the curvature of a sorrowful lover that is far from his beloved; the curvature of a humiliated person; the curvature of a servant; the curvature of a servant who is bowing to his master or is bowing respectfully. Other figures of speech about “Chang” have to do with other characteristics of this musical instrument; for example, the resemblance between the strings and the beloved’s lock of hair or vise versa, the resemblance between the poor material of its horizontal foot with the ragged garment of a poor dervish, the opposition of the poor material that covers the columns of a “Chang” and the silk strings which represent an image of two faced or hypocrite people.
Also, there are several examples in Persian literature that depict the truthfulness of “Chang” against the insincerity of the pious people. Persian literature is replete with images in which the aforementioned musical instrument is depicted as somebody whose hair is tonsured. Finally, Persian poets have referred to the way a musician holds a “Chang”, claiming that this quality shows the superiority of “Chang” over other musical instruments.
Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture, Fine Arts
Enyew Mekonen,1 Belayneh Shetie,2 Niguse Muluneh3 1Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Enyew Mekonen Tel +251946607528Email enyewgetaneh111@gmail.comIntroduction: The psychosocial consequences of the coronavirus pandemic are serious for health professionals including nurses because of a higher level of exposure. Nurses often face huge psychological pressure as a result of workload, long hours, and working in a high-risk environment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress among nurses working in northwest Amhara referral hospitals.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th September to 20th October 2020. A total of 302 nurses were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered into EpiData version 3 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to compute bivariable and multivariable analyses.Results: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among nurses was 69.6%, 55.3%, and 20.5%, respectively. Unavailability of a guideline, fear of infecting family, and having chronic diseases increase the risk of developing anxiety. Nurses who did not have a guideline, received negative feedback from families, had a history of mental disorders, and chronic diseases have a higher odds of depression. Working in the night shift, lack of training, fear of infecting family, negative feedback from families, presence of confirmed/suspected cases in the family, and having chronic diseases increase the risk of developing stress.Conclusion: More than two-thirds, more than half, and nearly one-fifth of the nurses had anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively. It is better to create awareness for the community, avail a guideline, train nurses, and give special attention to nurses with chronic disease and a history of mental disorders to minimize the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and protect their mental health. The government shall develop and implement national programs for occupational health and safety, prevent violence in the workplace, improve psychological well-being, and protect from physical and biological hazards to take care of the mental health of healthcare professionals during this pandemic.Keywords: anxiety, COVID-19, depression, stress, nurses
Reza Golpira, Zahra Azadmanjir, Javad Zarei
et al.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) has been used for many years in many countries to manage health information. The World Health Organization (WHO) will soon replace ICD-10 with the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS or ICD-11). The transition to ICD-11 requires the acquisition of the right information for the right policymaking to manage the transitional period. As one of these countries, Iran has initiated a plan to implement ICD-11. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodologies of our evaluation studies on the implementation of ICD-11 for morbidity coding. We established scientific and executive committees of the study at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and coordinated our implementation with the WHO. The scientific committee developed the necessary training curriculum in the form of workshops and mentoring courses. We also developed five independent sub-studies with different and related goals to answer the questions considered important by the MOHME and the WHO. The purposes of these sub-studies are to compare the accuracy of coding with ICD-11 and ICD-10, to compare the coding time with ICD-11 and ICD-10, to evaluate the ICD-11 content to cover diagnoses documented in medical records and identify non-covered terms, to evaluate the quality of clinical documentation needed for coding with ICD-11 and the impact of training on clinical documentation, as well as to understand coders' perspectives on barriers, problems, and opportunities for ICD-11 implementation and its utility. During these sub-studies, over 2000 medical records in two teaching and non-teaching hospitals will be evaluated over a period of five months.In this paper, we discussed our model for conducting evaluation studies and the complete methodologies of these studies, the questions that will be answered during the implementation, and the scientific contribution and policy implication of these questions and sub-studies. Because other countries have started or will start implementing ICD-11 soon, they can use our protocol to tailor their pilot implementations concerning their circumstances and local considerations.
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
Social investment has been the leit motif for the development of a range of social service provisions in Aotearoa/New Zealand for the last decade. It involves a particular approach, using data to target decisions and inform directions for such key areas as social security, care and protection of children and delivery of social services. There are serious questions about the statistical base which informs the approach and the implications for disadvantaged, marginalised and targeted populations, while poverty is neglected, sidelined and/or treated as resulting from individual failure. The Aotearoa/New Zealand model of social investment represents a significant departure from needs based, equity informed welfare provision.
K. A. Grigorian, A. I. Volchkov, V. P. Dyganov
et al.
Objective: to assess the compliance of traditional approaches to IT projects legal maintenance with the modern methods of organizing the process of digital products development, to identify the existing problems in this area and suggest possible ways to resolve them. Methods: the research used the logical method and the method of analyzing judicial practice, the inductive method, the method of comparison, and the method of scientific abstraction. Results: digitalization facilitated the development of the services market for IT projects and their maintenance. Legal maintenance of such projects often faces a significant discrepancy between the positions of the customer and the contractor, especially when part of the project is accomplished. Based on the analysis of judicial practice of IT projects using the Agile methodology, the most significant and problematic legal aspects of implementation were identified, and conflict situations between customers and performers of IT projects were analyzed.Scientific novelty: five key problems of IT projects legal maintenance that use flexible management methods are identified. A universal model for implementing legal functions in Agile projects is proposed.Practical significance: the proposed scheme of legal maintenance of IT projects can be used to regulate the legal relationships of their participants and may help to reduce the conflict level and speed up the process of digital products development using the Agile methodology.
Economics as a science, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Most current transportation systems around the world are cause for pressing concern and a menace to sustainability of social justice, and economic and environmental vitality. From a universal agreement that transportation needs an urgent alteration in travel modes, policies, planning, and behaviors through to the emergence of sustainability in the transportation sector, a significant and central vision has emerged to guide urban policymakers, transportation planners, and public health officials. During the last four decades, a shift in transportation modes toward use of active modes of transportation has been encouraged, and it is one of the main sustainability movements appearing in many developing and developed countries. This research provides a narrative review and parsing of existing literature, which focuses on promoting active modes of transportation. The aim is to clarify key determinative variables that must be considered by planners and policymakers toward promoting use of active modes of transportation for daily mobility.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
A key technological trend in big data science is that of the quantified self, whereby individuals can self-track their health and well-being using various sources of information. The aim of this article was to integrate multidimensional views on the positive and negative implications of the quantified self for employees and workplaces. Relevant human and social scientific literature on the quantified (employee) self and self-tracking were drawn upon and organized into three main influential perspectives. Specifically, the article identified (1) psychological perspectives on quantified attitudes and behaviors, (2) sociological perspectives on sociomaterial user construction, and (3) critical theoretical perspectives on digital power and control. This article suggests that the three perspectives are complementary and can be usefully integrated into an embodied sensemaking perspective. Embodied sensemaking views the employee as a self-conscious user of big data seeking to make sense of their embeddedness in wider digital and organizational environments. This article concludes with implications for protecting employee agency in tension with employers’ big data strategies for governing and managing the performance of quantified digital employee selves.
The idea to create a Special Issue journal around the topic of feminist new materialisms emerged out of the editors’ collaboration in the frames of European project New Materialism: Networking European Scholarship on ‘How Matter Comes to Matter’ (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), and more specifically it was born at the 9th Annual Conference on the New Materialisms, held at Utrecht University in June 2018 [...]
MATHEUS HENRIQUE LIMA DE SOUZA, TIAGO DE MORAES AMARAL, LUIZ FELLIPE CASEMIRO CIOFFI
et al.
A produção de leite apresenta importante papel na economia do Brasil, sendo afetada pela presença de mastite nos rebanhos - clínica ou subclínica, acarretando perdas aos produtores. Este trabalho objetivou diagnosticar a mastite subclínica e caracterizar seus agentes etiológicos em propriedades na região Norte Central do Paraná, Atalaia (A) e Presidente Castelo Branco (B). Ambas propriedades apresentam vacas da raça holandesa, girolanda e mestiças em sistema de ordenha semi-mecanizada em fosso. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico voltado à investigação do manejo do gado leiteiro. Foram selecionadas 46 vacas de A e 110 de B que não apresentavam mastite clínica (negativas para teste do caneco de fundo telado). Após a realização da antissepsia dos tetos (álcool iodado 3%), amostras de leite foram coletadas e submetidas ao teste do CMT (California Mastitis Test). Quando positivas para um dos tetos, realizou-se nova coleta em pool dos quatro tetos, em frascos estéreis e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Microbiologia da Clínica Veterinária da UNINGÁ. Para cultivo e identificação bacteriana foram utilizados meio de cultura e testes convencionais, e as colônias que cresceram foram identificadas através de características morfotintoriais e bioquímicas. Após identificação foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva. Observou-se que 15 (32,6%) e 24 (21,8%) animais foram positivos para o teste CMT nas propriedades A e B, respectivamente. Foram obtidos 91 isolados, dos quais identificou-se: Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativo (SCN) (20,9%), Corynebacterium sp. (18,7%), Staphylococcus aureus (17,6%), Bacillus sp. (14,3%), Serratia rubidaea (11%) e Enterobacter agllomerans (4,4%). Em A foi observado elevada prevalência de SCN (30%), Serratia rubidaea (20%), Bacillus sp. (12,5%), Corynebacterium sp. (7,5%) e 5% para Serratia sp., Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus sp. Em B, observou-se Corynebacterium sp. e Staphylococcus aureus com percentuais de 27,5%, Bacillus sp. (15,7%), SCN (13,7%) e Enterobacter agllomerans (5,9%). Em ambas propriedades, verificou-se a presença de outros agentes (inferior a 5%). Diversidade de agentes etiológicos foi observado nas diferentes propriedades, fato este, que pode ser associado ao manejo adotado. Assim, verifica-se a importância da caracterização etiológica e do manejo correto do rebanho, para o controle da mastite subclínica nesta microrregião do Paraná.
The essay starts with the author’s Positioning, a feminist practice of disclosing her own intellectual and political perspectives – since knowledge is situated, never neutral. In section 1. Coming to terms with bisexuality naming practices, labeling and definitions are discussed, to introduce the reader to the arena of debate around bisexuality and queer, and introduce intersectional and decolonial perspectives. Section 2. From the margins of queer theory demonstrates how bisexuality has occupied, from its very origins, a marginal space in Lgbti queer studies; it also touches upon the struggle against biphobia and for recognition of bisexual people. Section 3. Bisexuality and queer spaces - beyond Western eyes looks at the epistemological limitations of the monosexual paradigm within queer spaces, the necessity to decolonize them and use non-dichotomous perspectives. The section giving the title to the essay 4. Why bisexuality is queer explains the author’s motivations, to be taken as an axiomatic starting point for an earnest discussion among queer scholars and activists. 5. Re-queering the queer movement ends with the necessity of intersectional alliances, in order not to restrict to sex, gender and sexuality the subversive potential of the queer perspective; and the need to take into account some neglected topics, such as Poly-amorous and Asexual love.