Hasil untuk "Semantics"

Rafael Heitor Bordini, J. Hübner, M. Wooldridge

R. Valin, R. LaPolla

M. Abadi, L. Cardelli

Atsushi Igarashi, B. Pierce, P. Wadler

T. Winograd

Sergey Mechtaev, Jooyong Yi, Abhik Roychoudhury

Archana Dixit, Saurabh Verma, Anirudh Pradhan et al.

In this study, we explored the cosmological implications of the modified gravity framework <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, taking the specific form <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>n</mi></msubsup><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> where <i>n</i> denotes the model parameter. The analysis was carried out within a spatially flat FLRW background by adopting the Barboza–Alcaniz (BA) parametrization for the dark energy equation of state, expressed as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>w</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>w</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mo>.</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Based on this setup, an expression for the Hubble parameter <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was derived. The parameters <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>w</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>w</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> were estimated using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, implemented via the <i>emcee</i> package, with Cosmic Chronometers (CC), Pantheon Plus & SH0ES (PPS) and DESI BAO datasets. For the CC+PPS+DESI BAO combination, the best-fit Hubble constant was obtained as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mn>72.08</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.24</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.30</mn></mrow></msubsup><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><mi>km</mi><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><msup><mi>Mpc</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> which shows better consistency with the local SH0ES measurement than with the Planck <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>Λ</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>CDM result, thereby reducing the Hubble tension. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the equation of state parameter <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the deceleration parameter, the impact of various energy conditions, and the optimal model parameters were thoroughly examined. The study also investigated the behavior of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>O</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> diagnostic and determined the present age of the universe predicted by this model.

Zheng Gao, Xiaoyu Li, Zhicheng Bao et al.

Generative images have proliferated on Web platforms in social media and online copyright distribution scenarios, and semantic watermarking has increasingly been integrated into diffusion models to support reliable provenance tracking and forgery prevention for web content. Traditional noise-layer-based watermarking, however, remains vulnerable to inversion attacks that can recover embedded signals. To mitigate this, recent content-aware semantic watermarking schemes bind watermark signals to high-level image semantics, constraining local edits that would otherwise disrupt global coherence. Yet, large language models (LLMs) possess structured reasoning capabilities that enable targeted exploration of semantic spaces, allowing locally fine-grained but globally coherent semantic alterations that invalidate such bindings. To expose this overlooked vulnerability, we introduce a Coherence-Preserving Semantic Injection (CSI) attack that leverages LLM-guided semantic manipulation under embedding-space similarity constraints. This alignment enforces visual-semantic consistency while selectively perturbing watermark-relevant semantics, ultimately inducing detector misclassification. Extensive empirical results show that CSI consistently outperforms prevailing attack baselines against content-aware semantic watermarking, revealing a fundamental security weakness of current semantic watermark designs when confronted with LLM-driven semantic perturbations.

J. Dennis, E. C. V. Horn

Kristina A. Feizer, Mikhail N. Krakhalev, Vladimir Yu. Rudyak et al.

The polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) with conical boundary conditions are considered. PDLC films with different values of the relative chirality parameter <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of chiral nematic droplets ranging from 0 to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.32</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are studied experimentally and theoretically. In flattened spheroid-shaped chiral nematic droplets, a twisted axial-bipolar structure is formed whose twist angle increases with rising <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> value. Two stable states of the structure are revealed: one with the bipolar axis oriented perpendicular to the short axis of the spheroid and another with the bipolar axis oriented parallel to it. Applying a small voltage causes the bipolar axes of the chiral nematic droplets to reorient parallel to the electric field. The structure is unwound in strong electric fields, and the droplet order parameter reaches a high value of nearly <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.95</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. These features of the voltage-induced reorientation of the axial-bipolar structure explain the experimentally observed characteristic electro-optical properties of PDLC cells: high transmittance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>T</mi><mi>max</mi></msup><mo>≅</mo><mn>0.90</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the on-state and low control voltages of less than 35 V. The minimum transmittance of the PDLC cells decreases as the value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> increases; for samples with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>0.60</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the contrast ratio exceeds 145.

Jay Lee, Joongwon Ahn, Kwangkeun Yi

React has become the most widely used web front-end framework, enabling the creation of user interfaces in a declarative and compositional manner. Hooks are a set of APIs that manage side effects in function components in React. However, their semantics are often seen as opaque to developers, leading to UI bugs. We introduce React-tRace, a formalization of the semantics of the essence of React Hooks, providing a semantics that clarifies their behavior. We demonstrate that our model captures the behavior of React, by theoretically showing that it embodies essential properties of Hooks and empirically comparing our React-tRace-definitional interpreter against a test suite. Furthermore, we showcase a practical visualization tool based on the formalization to demonstrate how developers can better understand the semantics of Hooks.

N. N. Izotova

The article deals with the genesis, semantics, and functions of the dragon image in Japanese culture. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention of researchers to the basic values of local cultures, issues of symbolism, inextricably linked to the problems of national self-identification. The methodological basis of the study is the structural-semiotic approach, which was used to analyze the value content of the dragon image, the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of cognitive interpretation of the semantics of linguistic means verbalizing the dragon image in the Japanese language. In contrast to the Western tradition, in the culture of the peoples of East Asia, a dragon is a revered and significant symbol of power, strength, and authority. Stories about dragons are found in ancient texts of both Hinduism and Buddhism. It is established that the formation and evolution of the dragon cult in Japan was influenced by the mythical Chinese dragons, Indian Naga snakes, and the belief in dragons as deities of the water element. The author examines the genesis and evolution of the dragon image in different historical epochs, the influence of cultural-historical, natural, and religious factors on its transformation. It is shown that, in medieval Japan, the dragon was considered the protector of Buddhism, personifying strength, wisdom, prosperity, good luck, and images of these mythical creatures became an organic element of Buddhist culture. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the image of the dragon as a sign of the Chinese zodiacal calendar, the representations of dragons in Japanese mythology, fairy tales and legends, in Hitachi-Fudoki, Kojiki, Nihon shoki. In the mythological picture of the world of the Japanese, the dragon is ambivalent and has both positive and negative features. It is revealed that the image of the dragon occupies an important place in Japanese traditional culture, painting, architecture, arts and crafts, calendar holidays, is widely represented in proverbs and sayings, word combinations and idioms. The reference to Japanese phraseology allowed to expand the base of the study and to reveal the totality of ideas about the dragon in the worldview of native speakers of the Japanese language. The author concludes that, nowadays, the image of the dragon in Japan has lost its sacral significance and is mainly used as tribute to tradition.

Feng Zhang, Xinran Liu, Changxin Gao et al.

Existing retinex-based low-light image enhancement strategies focus heavily on crafting complex networks for Retinex decomposition but often result in imprecise estimations. To overcome the limitations of previous methods, we introduce a straightforward yet effective strategy for Retinex decomposition, dividing images into colormaps and graymaps as new estimations for reflectance and illumination maps. The enhancement of these maps is separately conducted using a diffusion model for improved restoration. Furthermore, we address the dual challenge of perturbation removal and brightness adjustment in illumination maps by incorporating brightness guidance. This guidance aids in precisely adjusting the brightness while eliminating disturbances, ensuring a more effective enhancement process. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experimental analyses demonstrate that our proposed method improves the performance by approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>4.4</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on the LOL dataset compared to other state-of-the-art diffusion-based methods, while also validating the model’s generalizability across multiple real-world datasets.

Ulla Hakala, Paula Sjöblom, Terhi Ainiala

The purpose of this multidisciplinary study is to investigate how municipalities position themselves in their slogans as unique places among competitors, namely other municipalities in their region or country. Empirically, discourse analysis was used to investigate the semantic features of municipal slogans in the context of place branding in Finland. The major findings demonstrate similarity in commonness rather than uniqueness: the slogans resembled each other thematically and did not distinctively differentiate places from one another. Academic research on slogans and their relation to linguistics and place branding is scarce. This study aims to narrow this gap. Nevertheless, further research is needed on slogans from different countries and languages. The study recommends that place managers should invest time and thought in the creation of slogans based on the factual attributes and values of the place as well as its strategies.

Shu Miao, Zi-Yi Yin, Zi-Rui Li et al.

In this paper, the symmetries and conservation laws of a variable-coefficient generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (vcGCBS) equation are investigated by modeling the propagation of long waves in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics. A Painlevé analysis is applied using the Kruskal-simplified form of the Weiss–Tabor–Carnevale (WTC) method, which shows that the vcGCBS equation does not possess the Painlevé property. Under the compatibility condition (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), infinitesimal generators and a symmetry analysis are presented via the symbolic computation program designed. With the Lagrangian, the adjoint equation is analyzed, and the vcGCBS equation is shown to possess nonlinear self-adjointness. Based on its nonlinear self-adjointness, conservation laws for the vcGCBS equation are derived by means of Ibragimov’s conservation theorem for each Lie symmetry.

Bernard Colombat

In his Mithridates (1555), Conrad Gessner (1516-1565) offers one of the first linguistic compilations. Keen to highlight “the differences between languages, both the ancient ones and those in use ‘at his time’ in the various nations all over the circle of the earth” (according to the work’s full title), he offers one of the first collections of Lord’s Prayer (Oratio dominica, 27 versions), thus initiating a long list of compilations that extended at least as far as Adelung’s. The purpose of this article is to situate these versions among the other language samples provided by Gessner, and to assess their linguistic relevance. Starting with the Greek and Latin originals, we analyze the Lord’s Prayer from the point of view of its most elementary grammatical content : presence of parts of speech and linguistic categories ; illustration of syntactic and morphosyntactic facts; semantics. The transcription difficulties faced by Gessner are then mentioned, along with some problematic cases, such as the Lord’s Prayer in Arabic, Hebrew, Hungarian and Icelandic. Finally, we look at the ways in which scholars might have adapted the transcription to help the reader understand the content from a linguistic point of view, for example by means of an interlinear transcription. Gessner may have used this technique sporadically, but it was not until his successors that it was implemented systematically.

Fengrui Tian, Yueqi Duan, Angtian Wang et al.

In this work, we pioneer Semantic Flow, a neural semantic representation of dynamic scenes from monocular videos. In contrast to previous NeRF methods that reconstruct dynamic scenes from the colors and volume densities of individual points, Semantic Flow learns semantics from continuous flows that contain rich 3D motion information. As there is 2D-to-3D ambiguity problem in the viewing direction when extracting 3D flow features from 2D video frames, we consider the volume densities as opacity priors that describe the contributions of flow features to the semantics on the frames. More specifically, we first learn a flow network to predict flows in the dynamic scene, and propose a flow feature aggregation module to extract flow features from video frames. Then, we propose a flow attention module to extract motion information from flow features, which is followed by a semantic network to output semantic logits of flows. We integrate the logits with volume densities in the viewing direction to supervise the flow features with semantic labels on video frames. Experimental results show that our model is able to learn from multiple dynamic scenes and supports a series of new tasks such as instance-level scene editing, semantic completions, dynamic scene tracking and semantic adaption on novel scenes. Codes are available at https://github.com/tianfr/Semantic-Flow/.

Alexandros Samalis, Alexandros Z. Spyropoulos, Georgios C. Makris et al.

This study investigates the research questions: “<i>How do political connections within Greece’s governing party evolve, and what underlying patterns and dynamics are revealed through a network analysis of interactions on</i> <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">X</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> <i>(formerly Twitter)?</i>” To address these questions, data were collected from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">X</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, focusing on following, retweeting, and mentioning activities among the politicians within the governing party. The interactions were meticulously analysed using tools derived from Network Theory in mathematics, including in and out-strength centrality, hubs and authorities centralities, and in and out-vertex entropy. In line with the emerging field of data journalism, this approach enhances the rigour and depth of analysis, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of complex political landscapes. The findings reveal complex and dynamic structures that may reflect internal relationships, communication strategies, and the influence of recurring events on these connections within the party. This study thus provides novel insights into understanding political communication via social networks and demonstrates the applicative potential of Network Theory and data journalism techniques in social sciences.

Annick Pouquet, Duane Rosenberg, Raffaele Marino et al.

Many issues pioneered by Jackson Herring deal with how nonlinear interactions shape atmospheric dynamics. In this context, we analyze new direct numerical simulations of rotating stratified flows with a large-scale forcing, which is either random or quasi-geostrophic (QG). Runs were performed at a moderate Reynolds number <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and up to 1646 turn-over times in one case. We found intermittent fluctuations of the vertical velocity <i>w</i> and temperature <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in a narrow domain of parameters as for decaying flows. Preliminary results indicate that parabolic relations between normalized third- and fourth-order moments of the buoyancy flux <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>∝</mo><mfenced separators="" open="⟨" close="⟩"><mi>w</mi><mi>θ</mi></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and of the energy dissipation emerge in this domain, including for passive and active scalars, with or without rotation. These are reminiscent of (but not identical to) previous findings for other variables and systems such as oceanic and atmospheric flows, climate re-analysis data, fusion plasmas, the Solar Wind, or galaxies. For QG forcing, sharp scaling transitions take place once the Ozmidov length scale <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is resolved—<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> being the scale after which a turbulent Kolmogorov energy spectrum likely recovers at high <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.

Songyuan Li, Junyi Feng, Xi Li

Recent approaches for fast semantic video segmentation have reduced redundancy by warping feature maps across adjacent frames, greatly speeding up the inference phase. However, the accuracy drops seriously owing to the errors incurred by warping. In this paper, we propose a novel framework and design a simple and effective correction stage after warping. Specifically, we build a non-key-frame CNN, fusing warped context features with current spatial details. Based on the feature fusion, our context feature rectification (CFR) module learns the model’s difference from a per-frame model to correct the warped features. Furthermore, our residual-guided attention (RGA) module utilizes the residual maps in the compressed domain to help CRF focus on error-prone regions. Results on Cityscapes show that the accuracy significantly increases from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>67.3</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>71.6</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and the speed edges down from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>65.5</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> FPS to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>61.8</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> FPS at a resolution of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1024</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>2048</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. For non-rigid categories, e.g., “human” and “object”, the improvements are even higher than 18 percentage points.