Hasil untuk "Recreation. Leisure"

S. Katz

Patrycja, Katarzyna Fabiś, Mateusz Zbylut et al.

Chronic heart failure is a widespread clinical condition associated with reduced exercise tolerance, impaired quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation represents an essential component of non-pharmacological management in patients with chronic heart failure; however, optimal training strategies and delivery models remain under discussion. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of exercise-based rehabilitation across different heart failure phenotypes. The analysis includes conventional centre-based programs, home-based rehabilitation, telerehabilitation, and novel exercise modalities. Available evidence indicates that structured exercise training improves functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life, regardless of rehabilitation setting. Combined aerobic and resistance training, as well as high-intensity interval training, appear to provide greater functional benefits than moderate continuous exercise, particularly under supervised conditions. Functional assessment using cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the reference standard, while the six-minute walk test offers a practical alternative in routine clinical practice. Individualized, patient-centred rehabilitation strategies are crucial for optimizing outcomes and supporting long-term engagement in physical activity among patients with chronic heart failure.

Florin-Petruț TROFIN, Cezar HONCERIU

Introduction: Early adolescence is marked by a series of anatomical and functional changes. Understanding these functional adaptations is particularly relevant for football coaches, as they influence training strategies and performance development. Objective: This study aimed to examine age-related differences in body composition parameters and handgrip strength among junior football players. Materials and Methods: Between September 2024 and August 2025, 151 male football players aged 12 (n=18), 13 (n=35), 14 (n=45), and 15 years (n=53) were assessed. Handgrip dynamometry is widely recognized in literature as a reliable measure of overall muscular strength in athletes. Two Constant hand dynamometers (model 14192-760E) were used, with participants performing maximal voluntary contractions while standing, arms fully extended and held obliquely laterally. Results: Significant anthropometric increases were observed between ages 13 and 14, whereas BMI remained consistent across age groups. Muscle mass increased from 39.06 ± 2.21% at age 13 to 41.09 ± 1.37% at age 14, while body fat percentage did not change significantly. No significant differences were observed in handgrip strength, despite notable changes in body composition. Conclusions: Handgrip strength assessment represents a practical tool for monitoring and evaluating muscular strength in adolescent athletes. The data provided by this study may serve as reference values for coaches in the region. In this cohort, early adolescence was associated with nonsignificant changes in handgrip strength, despite measurable alterations in body composition.

Kinga Racisz, Joanna Duda, Jakub Kędzia et al.

Introduction According to data, 5% of people in Europe and 6% of people in Poland are vegetarians. Therefore, an increasing percentage of pregnant women will follow a plant-based diet. During pregnancy, the need for vitamins and minerals increases, and the proper balance and possible supplementation of a vegetarian diet are crucial for proper fetal development and a pregnant woman's health. Aim of study This study aims to evaluate and compare information regarding the adequacy of a vegetarian diet for pregnant women and its impact on maternal outcomes, fetal development, newborn health and lactation. Materials and methods The search methodology incorporated the terms “vegetarian diet” or “plant-based diet” or “vegan” AND “pregnancy” or “pregnant” or “health benefits”, along with variations of these terms, found in many scientific databases. Publications issued before 2019 and case reports were excluded. Conclusion There is a consensus that a plant-based diet is safe during both pregnancy and lactation. Nevertheless, it may be associated with many nutrient deficiencies. A vegetarian diet promotes a lower incidence of excessive weight gain, which results in a less frequent occurrence of EWG-related complications. There was no higher prevalence of premature births or infant mortality. The occurrence of gestational diabetes, small gestational age/low birth weight and congenital anomalies require further study. Breastfeeding during a vegetarian diet is possible, but appropriate supplementation is recommended.

Shalima Binta Manir, Tim Oates

We introduce a novel Theory of Mind (ToM) framework inspired by dual-process theories from cognitive science, integrating a fast, habitual graph-based reasoning system (System 1), implemented via graph convolutional networks (GCNs), and a slower, context-sensitive meta-adaptive learning system (System 2), driven by meta-learning techniques. Our model dynamically balances intuitive and deliberative reasoning through a learned context gate mechanism. We validate our architecture on canonical false-belief tasks and systematically explore its capacity to replicate hallmark cognitive biases associated with dual-process theory, including anchoring, cognitive-load fatigue, framing effects, and priming effects. Experimental results demonstrate that our dual-process approach closely mirrors human adaptive behavior, achieves robust generalization to unseen contexts, and elucidates cognitive mechanisms underlying reasoning biases. This work bridges artificial intelligence and cognitive theory, paving the way for AI systems exhibiting nuanced, human-like social cognition and adaptive decision-making capabilities.

Soyib Tajibaev, Shukhratulla Allamuratov, Bekir Erhan et al.

Background and Study. Vertical jump performance is a critical factor in volleyball, significantly influencing actions like spiking, blocking, and serving. Accurate assessment of jump height is essential for optimizing training strategies, especially at the elite level. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a novel computerized diagnostic equipment (CDE-A, Patent No. 001144) designed for precise measurement of vertical jump height in volleyball players. Materials and Methods. The study involved the development and validation of the CDE-A system to assess vertical jump performance. Participants included elite volleyball players from the Uzbekistan national team, various club teams, and students from the State University of Physical Education and Sports of Uzbekistan. The system's accuracy and reliability were tested through rigorous procedures, including data storage and analysis capabilities for maximum jump height and functional performance. The research involved developing and testing a specialized device (CDE-A) to evaluate elite volleyball players' vertical jump capabilities. Participants included 18 athletes aged 13–14, 16 athletes aged 15–16, and 50 students from the Uzbekistan State University of Physical Education and Sports. Measurements were conducted across age groups and educational levels. A pedagogical experiment compared traditional training (control group, CG) with specialized exercises for agility and jumping endurance (experimental group, EG). Results. The CDE-A device demonstrated high reliability and precision in measuring vertical jump height. Key features include the capability to store maximal jump data in computer memory and analyze its functional significance for training and performance evaluation. The device enables coaches to monitor and enhance athletes' jump performance with greater efficiency and accuracy. Conclusions. This research highlights the utility of the CDE-A system for assessing and improving vertical jump capabilities in volleyball players across all age groups. The study underscores its potential to revolutionize training methodologies by providing coaches with reliable, evidence-based insights into athletes' performance. The findings offer a foundation for further advancements in jump height measurement technologies and their application in sports science. This study establishes the CDE-A as a valuable tool for sports performance evaluation, with implications extending to volleyball and other sports requiring explosive jump abilities.

Maciej Superson, Klaudia Wilk-Trytko, Katarzyna Szmyt et al.

Intruduction and purpose: Patients with severe asthma account for approximately 3% to 10% of all asthma patients. They have higher hospital utilization rates and treatment costs than patients with non-severe asthma. Previously, treatment options for these patients were limited due to unacceptable side effects. However, the advent of biologic therapies has provided promising targeted therapy for these patients. State of knowledge: Biologic therapies target inflammatory modulators that play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma, particularly in patients with high T2 cells. These therapies have shown promising results in reducing asthma symptoms, improving lung function, decreasing the use of oral corticosteroids, and enhancing patients' quality of life. Conclusions: This article reviews the mechanism of action, efficacy, and indications of currently approved biologic drugs available in Poland, as well as potential therapeutic targets for the future.

Sigurður Benediktsson, Erlingur Johannsson, Erlingur Johannsson et al.

The organisation and development strategies of youth soccer differ between Norway and Iceland. Whether this affect physical capacity is unknown. Thus, the first aim of the present study is to compare physical capacity between players from Iceland and Norway. Secondary aim is to assess associations between biological maturity and physical capacity in the Icelandic players since an association previously has been shown among the Norwegians. There were 48 U14 players from Iceland included and 103 players from Norway. Bone age (BA), measured with left-wrist x-ray, was used as an indicator of biological maturity. To measure physical capacity, 40 metre (m) linear sprint, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (IR1-test) and a maximal oxygen uptake test (VO2max) were used. Training load was assessed by questionnaire. The results showed that the Norwegian players ran faster (5.90 ± 0.38 vs. 6.37 ± 0.44 s, p < .001), had better intermittent endurance capacity (1,235 ± 461 vs. 960 ± 423 m, p < .001) and higher VO2max, (60.3 ± 6.5 vs. 54.8 ± 5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, p < .001) than the Icelandic players. The players from Norway reported a higher number of weekly organised soccer training hours than the Icelandic. We also found significant correlations between BA and performance on 40 m linear sprint (r = −.566, p < .001), SLJ (r = .380, p = .008) and CMJ (r = .354, p = .014) among the Icelandic players. Moreover, no correlations were found between BA and VO2max or intermittent endurance capacity. In conclusion, the Norwegian players ran faster and had better VO2max and intermittent endurance capacity than the Icelandic players. Biological maturity level was associated with speed and jumping performance in U14 soccer players in Iceland, but not with VO2max or intermittent endurance capacity. Findings indicate that more research is needed to investigate the influence of different organisation and structure of youth soccer between the two countries on physical capacity.

Verner Marijančić, Stanislav Peharec, Gordana Starčević-Klasan et al.

<b>Background/Aim:</b> University students are a particularly vulnerable population, as they spend increasing amounts of time sitting, which poses a major threat to their musculoskeletal health and posture. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences in the relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, spinal curvatures and mobility, the endurance and balance of the trunk muscles, and the possible presence of non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in young adults aged 18–25 years. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 139 students completed all required tests. <b>Results:</b> Male students engaged in significantly more PA related to recreation, sports and leisure and were significantly more likely to be hyperkyphotic than female students. The more the male students participated in sports, the more pronounced the thoracic kyphosis. Female students had significantly more pronounced lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt that correlated with lumbar lordosis. Female students generally had significantly higher trunk extensor endurance and more balanced trunk musculature than males. NS-LBP correlated with PA in female students who generally had higher levels of NS-LBP than male students, with a statistically significant difference between those who practiced the most PA. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that female students practice less PA and have pronounced lordosis and trunk extensor endurance, in contrast to males who practice more PA and have pronounced trunk flexor endurance and hyperkyphosis. Our findings suggest that more PA should be encouraged but implemented with caution and as an individualized gender-specific approach to prevent postural deformities and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including NS-LBP.

Manuel Pinto, Inês Santos

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre a motivação e vários aspectos da prática de exercício físico (EF) em indivíduos que mantiveram a perda de massa corporal, e explorar o papel do gênero. A amostra foi constituída por 253 participantes, foram avaliadas as suas características sociodemográficas, a composição corporal, o EF, a motivação geral e específica para o exercício, com instrumentos validados. Utilizou-se o teste t-de student para comparar as diversas variáveis entre os participantes. Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis motivacionais e os diferentes aspectos do EF, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foram ainda criados tercis para as variáveis motivacionais e posteriormente comparadas as médias dos vários aspectos do EF, através do teste da ANOVA one-way. Observaram-se diferenças entre gêneros no que respeita à intensidade, duração e dispêndio energético e na maioria das variáveis motivacionais, favorecendo o gênero masculino. Identificaram-se associações positivas entre as variáveis motivacionais relacionadas com o EF, nomeadamente a motivação intrínseca e as regulações de ordem mais autônoma, e os diferentes aspectos do EF, na amostra total e no gênero feminino (p < 0,05). Em indivíduos com sucesso na manutenção da perda de massa corporal, particularmente nas mulheres, motivações mais autônomas para o EF associaram-se a maior prática de EF. Essas conclusões são significativas para programas de perda de massa corporal e promoção de saúde, indicando que a motivação autônoma pode ser um fator de sucesso na manutenção da massa corporal.

Lukas Schulthess, Tiago Salzmann, Christian Vogt et al.

Nowadays, cities provide much more than shopping opportunities or working spaces. Individual locations such as parks and squares are used as meeting points and local recreation areas by many people. To ensure that they remain attractive in the future, the design of such squares must be regularly adapted to the needs of the public. These utilization trends can be derived using public data collection. The more diverse and rich the data sets are, the easier it is to optimize public space design through data analysis. Traditional data collection methods such as questionnaires, observations, or videos are either labor intensive or cannot guarantee to preserve the individual's privacy. This work presents a privacy-preserving, low-power, and low-cost smart sensing system that is capable of anonymously collecting data about public space utilization by analyzing the occupancy distribution of public seating. To support future urban planning the sensor nodes are capable of monitoring environmental noise, chair utilization, and their position, temperature, and humidity and provide them over a city-wide Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). The final sensing system's robust operation is proven in a trial run at two public squares in a city with 16 sensor nodes over a duration of two months. By consuming 33.65 mWh per day with all subsystems enabled, including sitting detection based on a continuous acceleration measurement operating on a robust and simple threshold algorithm, the custom-designed sensor node achieves continuous monitoring during the 2-month trial run. The evaluation of the experimental results clearly shows how the two locations are used, which confirms the practicability of the proposed solution. All data collected during the field trial is publicly available as open data.

Julie S. Son, Galit Nimrod, Stephanie T. West et al.

Abstract Staying healthy while following social distancing protocols is of great importance to older adults due to increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19. Mild to moderate physical activity improves immune system responses to viral respiratory infections. Additionally, social engagement has cumulative health protective benefits across the lifespan. At present, active and social recreation opportunities have been drastically reduced or disbanded due to group size limitations, stay-at-home orders, and reductions in services and facilities. As a result, community dwelling older adults are homebound and need alternative exercise and social opportunities to maintain their health during this time. Leisure professionals can promote physical activity and social well-being among older adults by increasing home-based opportunities, including offering additional online leisure services, opportunities for volunteerism, and social interactions.

R. Arlinghaus, R. Tillner, M. Bork

Faturahim Faturahim, Didik Purwanto

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru – guru PJOK memanfaatkan teknologi digital dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya diwilayah Kecamatan Palu Utara. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang penguasaan inovasi pembelajaran di era digital bagi guru PJOK diwilayah Kecamatan Palu Utara, dimana proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani diwilayah Kecamatan Palu Utara tersebut masih sangat terbatas dalam pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Inovasi dibutuhkan agar pemanfaatan teknologi digital bisa dilakukan secara optimal dan menyeluruh. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan studi literatur yang diambil dari berbagai sumber tertulis seperti artikel, jurnal, dan dokumen yang relevan dengan kajian pada penelitian ini. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan sistem penggunaan teknologi digital pada pembelajaran blended learning dihasilkan peningkatan kemampuan guru PJOK dalam memanfaatkan teknologi digital diwilayah Kecamatan Palu Utara. Kehadiran teknologi saat ini, harapannya dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh semua pihak seperti guru dan pelaku pendidikan lainnya. Pemanfaatan teknologi digital sangat berdampak positif bagi Guru PJOK diwilayah Kecamatan Palu Utara dalam menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran blended learning.

Tasnuba Binte Jamal, Samiul Hasan

Major disasters such as wildfire, tornado, hurricane, tropical storm, flooding cause disruptions in infrastructure systems such as power outage, disruption to water supply system, wastewater management, telecommunication failures, and transportation facilities. Disruptions in electricity infrastructures has a negative impact on every sector of a region, such as education, medical services, financial, recreation. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to investigate the factors which can be associated with longer restoration time of power service after a hurricane. We consider three types of factors (hazard characteristics, built-environment characteristics, and socio-demographic factors) that might be associated with longer restoration times of power outages during a hurricane. Considering restoration time as the dependent variable and utilizing a comprehensive set of county-level data, we have estimated a Generalized Accelerated Failure Time (GAFT) that accounts for spatial dependence among observations for time to event data. Considering spatial correlation in time to event data has improved the model fit by 12%. Using GAFT model and Hurricane Irma as a case study, we examined: (1) differences in electric power outages and restoration rates among different types of power companies: investor-owned power companies, rural and municipal cooperatives; (2) the relationship between the duration of power outage and power system variables, and socioeconomic attributes. We have found that factors such as maximum sustained wind speed, percentage of customers facing power outage, percentage of customers served by investor-owned power company, median household income, and number of power plants are strongly associated with restoration time. This paper identifies the key factors in predicting the restoration time of hurricane-induced power outages.

Giorgia Adorni, Felix Boelter, Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi

The field of image generation through generative modelling is abundantly discussed nowadays. It can be used for various applications, such as up-scaling existing images, creating non-existing objects, such as interior design scenes, products or even human faces, and achieving transfer-learning processes. In this context, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a class of widely studied machine learning frameworks first appearing in the paper "Generative adversarial nets" by Goodfellow et al. that achieve the goal above. In our work, we reproduce and evaluate a novel variation of the original GAN network, the GANformer, proposed in "Generative Adversarial Transformers" by Hudson and Zitnick. This project aimed to recreate the methods presented in this paper to reproduce the original results and comment on the authors' claims. Due to resources and time limitations, we had to constrain the network's training times, dataset types, and sizes. Our research successfully recreated both variations of the proposed GANformer model and found differences between the authors' and our results. Moreover, discrepancies between the publication methodology and the one implemented, made available in the code, allowed us to study two undisclosed variations of the presented procedures.

K. Al Moulla, X. Dumusque, P. Figueira et al.

Context. Radial velocity (RV) measurements induced by the presence of planets around late-type stars are contaminated by stellar signals that are of the order of a few meters per second in amplitude, even for the quietest stars. Those signals are induced by acoustic oscillations, convective granulation patterns, active regions co-rotating with the stellar surface, and magnetic activity cycles. Aims. This study investigates the properties of all coherent stellar signals seen on the Sun on timescales up to its sidereal rotational period. By combining HARPS and HARPS-N solar data spanning several years, we are able to clearly resolve signals on timescales from minutes to several months. Methods. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) mixture model to determine the quality of the solar data based on the expected airmass-magnitude extinction law. We then fit the velocity power spectrum of the cleaned and heliocentric RVs with all known variability sources, to recreate the RV contribution of each component. Results. After rejecting variations caused by poor weather conditions, we are able to improve the average intra-day root mean square (RMS) value by a factor of ~1.8. On sub-rotational timescales, we are able to fully recreate the observed RMS of the RV variations. In order to also include rotational components and their strong alias peaks introduced by nightly sampling gaps, the alias powers are accounted for by being redistributed to the central frequencies of the rotational harmonics. Conclusions. In order to enable a better understanding and mitigation of stellar activity sources, their respective impact on the total RV must be well-measured and characterized. We are able to recreate RV components up to rotational timescales, which can be further used to analyse the impact of each individual source of stellar signals on the detectability of exoplanets.

Elena Manjavacas, Theodora Karalidi, Johanna Vos et al.

Young brown dwarfs are analogs to giant exoplanets, as they share effective temperatures, near-infrared colors, and surface gravities. Thus, the detailed characterization of young brown dwarfs might shed light on the study of giant exoplanets, that we are currently unable to observe with sufficient signal-to-noise to allow precise characterization of their atmospheres. 2MASS J22081363+2921215 is a young L3 brown dwarf, member of the beta-Pictoris young moving group (23 +/-3 Myr), that shares its effective temperature and mass with the beta Pictoris b giant exoplanet. We performed a ~2.5 hr spectro-photometric J-band monitoring of 2MASS J22081363+2921215 with the MOSFIRE multi-object spectrograph, installed at the Keck I telescope. We measured a minimum variability amplitude of 3.22 +/- 0.42 % for its J-band light curve. The ratio between the maximum and the minimum flux spectra of 2MASS J22081363+2921215 shows a weak wavelength dependence and a potential enhanced variability amplitude in the alkali lines. Further analysis suggests that the variability amplitude on the alkali lines is higher than the overall variability amplitude (4.5-11 %, depending on the lines). The variability amplitudes in these lines are lower if we degrade the resolution of the original MOSFIRE spectra to R~100, which explains why this potential enhanced variability in the alkali lines has not been found previously in HST/WFC3 light curves. Using radiative-transfer models, we obtained the different cloud layers that might be introducing the spectro-photometric variability we observe for 2MASS J22081363+2921215, that further support the measured enhanced variability amplitude in the alkali lines. We provide an artistic recreation of the vertical cloud structure of this beta-Pictoris b analog.

F. Cesario

Husham Hamdan Abbas, Abdullah Ghazi Hamdan

هدف البحث الى اعداد تمرينات خاصة (Foot Work) بكرة القدم بأعمار (16-18) سنة، والتعرف على تأثير هذه التمرينات الخاصة  في التوافق والرشاقة وبعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم (المناولة، والدحرجة، والاخماد) بأعمار (16-18) سنة، وقام الباحثان باستخدام المنهج التجريبي ذو المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي، على عينة من لاعبي نادي الشرطة بأعمار (16-18) سنة، وعددهم (16)، وتم تقسيمهم الى مجموعتين كل مجموعة متكون من (8) لاعبين، وقام الباحثان بتحديد القدرات الحركية (التوافق، والرشاقة) واختباراتها وبعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم (المناولة، والدحرجة، والاخماد) واختباراتها، وقام الباحثان بأجراء الاختبار القبلي على عينة البحث، وبعدها قام مدرب الفريق ومساعده وتحت اشراف الباحثان بتنفيذ التمرينات الخاصة (Foot Work)، والتي شملت (8) تمارين (اربع تمارين سلم واربعة تمارين تحكم بالكرة) ويتم تطبيق هذه التمارين لمدة (8) اسابيع وبواقع (3) مرات في الاسبوع، توصل الباحثان الى النتائج وهي إنَّ التمرينات الخاصة (Foot Work) كانت ذو فاعلية في تطوير القدرات الحركية (التوافق، والرشاقة)، وبعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم (المناولة، والدحرجة، والاخماد) للمجموعة التجريبية، وإنَّ المنهج التدريبي المعد من قبل المدرب كان ذو فاعلية في تطوير القدرات الحركية (التوافق، والرشاقة)، وبعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم (المناولة، والدحرجة، والاخماد) للمجموعة الضابطة، وإنَّ التمرينات الخاصة (Foot Work) كان اكثر فاعلية في ذو فاعلية في تطوير القدرات الحركية (التوافق، والرشاقة)، وبعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم (المناولة، والدحرجة، والاخماد) ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية.