Hasil untuk "Real estate business"

Maria Fianchini

This paper presents the evaluation of a recent school in Milan, developed within the Constructing Education Framework, promoted by the Council of Europe Development Bank in collaboration with INDIRE and the Municipality of Milan. The framework seeks to improve the effectiveness of investments in educational infrastructure by guiding projects through four phases from the initial design brief to the full occupation and use. It emphasizes collaboration among stakeholders in education, property management, design, and building evaluation.Pilot projects have been launched in several European cities to develop and test operational methodologies, adapt them to national contexts, and foster international exchange of experiences. The evaluation of the Viscontini School in Milan was carried out through a transdisciplinary, multicriteria approach involving architectural and pedagogical researchers, the integration of methods and tools, and the active participation of the school staff. The aim was to assess outcomes against the design objectives, the needs of the school community, and broader expectations for innovation in learning environments, in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, and to encourage reflection and action by the school staff and municipal officers regarding possible strategies for improvement.

Sergej Anatolevich Khirevich

В статье рассматривается необходимость сценарирования развития урбанизированных территорий в условиях стре­мительных изменений социальной, экономической и эко­ло­гической среды. Современные города и урба­ни­зи­ро­ванные территории сталкиваются с множеством вызовов, включая изменение климата, рост населения, экономическую нестабильность и социальные конфликты. Несмотря на наличие различных методов и подходов к развитию городских пространств, многие из них не учитывают динамическую природу процессов, что приводит к недостаточной гибкости и эффективности управления. Статически определенные варианты территориального развития фактически нивелируют их гибкость и, как правило, не исполняются должным образом. Автор предлагает внедрить комплексный уровнево-отраслевой подход к сценарному развитию территорий, который будет адаптироваться к изменениям в реальном времени, т.е. иметь динамический характер. Этот подход включает в себя интеграцию различных аспектов планирования и управления как в рамках различных отраслей экономики, так и с учетом разных уровней территориального развития. Он акцентирует внимание на важности взаимодействия между различными секторами и уровнями управления, что способствует более эффективной адаптации городов к новым вызовам и требованиям. В результате применения данного подхода возможно повысить качество жизни горожан, улучшить экологическую ситуацию и создать более устойчивую инфраструктуру. В статье также подчеркивается, что сценарное планирование является ключевым инструментом для достижения эффективного управления урбанизированными территориями в условиях неопределенности и быстрого изменения внешней среды, обеспечивая устойчивое и гармоничное развитие городов и их пригородов на долгосрочную перспективу.

Samuel Nnadoziem Ndukuba

This research aims to examine how sustainable facility management (SFM) practices can contribute to institutional resilience in South African vocational education institutions (SAVEIs). Similarly, identify the critical environmental, social, and economic indicators of sustainability for improving operational continuity, flexibility, and long-term institutional performance in the vocational education sector. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology was adopted to synthesize current studies on sustainable facility management and institutional resilience. Thus, peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 were selected from scientific databases, which include Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Keyword mapping and thematic analysis were employed to identify existing patterns, structures, and conceptual connections relevant to the South African context. The study was built on secondary data from peer-reviewed literature reviews that ignore local concerns or leading-edge post-pandemic practice in (SAVEI). Future empirical studies on a framework for the implementation of sustainable facility management for vocational education are crucial. This study investigates the nexus between institutionally resilient and sustainable facility management in SAVEI and hence contributes to technical and academic knowledge by developing an integrative conceptual framework that can be applied to inform facility managers, education administrators, and policymakers to enable sustainable, resilient learning environments.

Salsabila Aisyah Alfaiza, Hazlinda Binti Hassan, Hosam Alden Riyadh et al.

Abstract The advancement of SMEs is crucial for a global trend in every nation since they are pivotal in enhancing the national economy and creating additional opportunities, particularly in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) setting. This study aims to establish a framework regarding “the direct influence of market opportunities and challenges on sustainable entrepreneurship.” We developed a new model and descriptive steps on the basis of the variables of the study. To accomplish the research’s objective, we applied a quantitative research method to examine the influence of market opportunities and disadvantages on sustainable entrepreneurship. This research was implemented and evaluated in the business sector for numerous SMEs in South Iraqi cities, using a questionnaire as a data collection method, with a sample size of 432 general managers and marketing managers employed in SMEs. The analysis utilized the AMOS 26 software to test the study’s hypotheses. The findings indicated a direct positive effect on the market challenges and prospects for sustainable entrepreneurship. This study indicates a focus on mitigating market disadvantages and enhancing opportunities for SMEs through establishing essential guidelines and regulations that can mitigate market disadvantages and transform them into substantial opportunities that enhance sustainable entrepreneurship in SMEs.

Cecil Pang

Contemporary businesses operate in dynamic environments requiring rapid adaptation to achieve goals and maintain competitiveness. Existing data platforms often fall short by emphasizing tools over alignment with business needs, resulting in inefficiencies and delays. To address this gap, I propose the Business Semantics Centric, AI Agents Assisted Data System (BSDS), a holistic system that integrates architecture, workflows, and team organization to ensure data systems are tailored to business priorities rather than dictated by technical constraints. BSDS redefines data systems as dynamic enablers of business success, transforming them from passive tools into active drivers of organizational growth. BSDS has a modular architecture that comprises curated data linked to business entities, a knowledge base for context-aware AI agents, and efficient data pipelines. AI agents play a pivotal role in assisting with data access and system management, reducing human effort, and improving scalability. Complementing this architecture, BSDS incorporates workflows optimized for both exploratory data analysis and production requirements, balancing speed of delivery with quality assurance. A key innovation of BSDS is its incorporation of the human factor. By aligning data team expertise with business semantics, BSDS bridges the gap between technical capabilities and business needs. Validated through real-world implementation, BSDS accelerates time-to-market for data-driven initiatives, enhances cross-functional collaboration, and provides a scalable blueprint for businesses of all sizes. Future research can build on BSDS to explore optimization strategies using complex systems and adaptive network theories, as well as developing autonomous data systems leveraging AI agents.

Elizabeth Ankrah, Stephanie Nyairo, Mercy Muchai et al.

Small and medium sized businesses often struggle with data driven decision making do to a lack of advanced analytics tools, especially in African countries where they make up a majority of the workforce. Though many tools exist they are not designed to fit into the ways of working of SMB workers who are mobile first, have limited time to learn new workflows, and for whom social and business are tightly coupled. To address this, the Dukawalla prototype was created. This intelligent assistant bridges the gap between raw business data, and actionable insights by leveraging voice interaction and the power of generative AI. Dukawalla provides an intuitive way for business owners to interact with their data, aiding in informed decision making. This paper examines Dukawalla's deployment across SMBs in Nairobi, focusing on their experiences using this voice based assistant to streamline data collection and provide business insights

Sajnóg Natalia, Wierzchoś Monika, Sobolewska-Mikulska Katarzyna

Every road investment has both positive and negative consequences in spatial, economic, environmental, and social terms. The objective of the article is the social assessment of the effect of construction of the Southern Warsaw Ring Road (WRR) on: (i) the quality of life of the local community, and (ii) the residential real estate market. The analyses employed the method of quantitative analysis with the application of the survey technique. The questionnaire was made publicly available to residents of the Wilanów district in Warsaw. Results obtained in the scope of the study render decision making models of respondents depending on the distance of the place of residence from the WRR. The results reveal that responses given by the group of respondents living nearer the ring road are the most variable, particularly in the context of assessing the effect of the investment on the quality of life, including nuisance related to the express road and plans to change the place of residence. The same group of respondents provided the highest share of responses supporting the claim that housing prices increased due to the construction of the ring road.

Suresh Kamath

The development of an IT strategy and ensuring that it is the best possible one for business is a key problem many organizations face. This problem is that of linking business architecture to IT architecture in general and application architecture specifically. In our earlier work we proposed Category theory as the formal language to unify the business and IT worlds with the ability to represent the concepts and relations between the two in a unified way. We used rCOS as the underlying model for the specification of interfaces, contracts, and components. The concept of pseudo-category was then utilized to represent the business and application architecture specifications and the relationships contained within. The linkages between them now can be established using the matching of the business component contracts with the application component contracts. However the matching was based on manual process and in this paper we extend the work by considering automated component matching process. The ground work for a tool to support the matching process is laid out in this paper.

Valerio Della Scala, Caterina Quaglio

The assessment criteria and indicators used in the authorisation processes of building or urban projects can play a key role in achieving the goals introduced by the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Yet, on the one hand, the evaluation of project proposals and the granting of building permits still rely to a large extent on the subjective judgement of public technicians, severely limiting the incentive for the development of virtuous practices and innovative procedures; on the other hand, the measurement of the SDGs on a local basis presents strong operational gaps and criticalities, struggling to clearly orientate urban transformation processes. In the paper, these problematic issues represent the starting point to discuss the possibilities that the development of a GeoBIM platform could open to spatialise, measure and automate authorisation processes by integrating local regulations and sustainability indicators of global significance. The methodological and technical implications of the proposal are explored both through a reconstruction of the disciplinary literature on the subject and through the detailed description of some recent experimental tools. In particular, by questioning how to operationalize the integration of local assessment methods and global indicators through a GeoBIM platform, the paper raises broader questions on the relationship between measurement, policies and planning practices. In particular, the revision of priority criteria according to the 2030 Agenda goals is read in the text as a useful opportunity to rethink a number of administrative tools and practices. Indeed, the development of a GeoBIM platform to support building permit applications could not only make the assessment of compliance with local regulations more efficient and automated but also allow for the measurement of project impacts against indicators aimed at the local declination of the sustainability goals defined by the 2030 Agenda. I criteri e indicatori di valutazione utilizzati negli iter autorizzativi delle operazioni edilizie o urbane possono rivestire un peso molto rilevante nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi introdotti dall’Agenda 2030 dell’ONU per lo sviluppo sostenibile. Eppure, da un lato, il processo di valutazione delle proposte progettuali e di concessione delle licenze edilizie è ad oggi ancora in buona misura demandato al giudizio soggettivo dei tecnici pubblici, limitando fortemente l’incentivo allo sviluppo di pratiche virtuose e processi innovativi; dall’altro, la misurazione degli SDG su base locale presenta forti la- cune operative ed evidenti elementi di criticità, stentando a imporre delle linee di indirizzo nell’ambito dei processi di trasformazione urbana. Queste problematicità rappresentano nell’articolo il punto di partenza per discutere le possibilità che potrebbe aprire lo sviluppo di una piattaforma GeoBIM che permetta di spazializzare, misurare e automatizzare i processi autorizzativi integrando normative locali e indicatori di sostenibilità di valenza globale. Le implicazioni metodologiche e tecniche della proposta vengono approfondite sia attraverso una ricostruzione della letteratura disciplinare sul tema, sia tramite la descrizione dettagliata di alcune recenti sperimentazioni. In particolare, interrogandosi su come tradurre attraverso la piattaforma in chiave operativa metodi e strumenti di valutazione locali e indicatori globali, l’articolo solleva questioni più ampie circa il rapporto tra misurazione, politiche e pratiche progettuali. In particolare, la revisione dei criteri di valutazione potenzialmente introdotta dagli obiettivi di sostenibilità è letta nel testo come un’occasione utile per ripensare una serie di strumenti e pratiche amministrative. L’ipotesi all’origine del lavoro è infatti che la messa a punto di una piattaforma GeoBIM di supporto alla presentazione delle proposte progettuali possa non solo efficientare e automatizzare il processo di valutazione di conformità rispetto ai regolamenti locali, ma consentire anche di misurare gli impatti dei progetti rispetto a degli indicatori che permettano di declinare localmente gli obiettivi di sostenibilità definiti dall’Agenda 2030.

Farkhanda Tahseen, Nasir Hameed, Jam Sajjad Hussain

Purpose: The chief purpose of this study was designed to explore the phenomenal changes of business management models of the private and public news channels in Pakistan. The rationale behind this objective was to explore changing business approaches as adopted by the private news channel like Geo News and the public news channel like PTV News. The advent of the social media has altogether changed the landscape for the traditional media including newspapers and news channels, therefore, it seemed quite appropriate to explore new strategies for enhancing business for news channels in Pakistan.  Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed in-depth interviews qualitative method to collect qualitative data from different patterns of data for major themes. Qualitative Content Analysis was partially employed to minimize large stream of data into small chunk and analyze data accordingly. Findings: The study found out that the state-run news channel like PTV News was solely relying for financial support on the federal and provincial governments. Accordingly, the PTV News was providing absolute coverage to public departments and enhancing image of the ministers of the ruling political party and their ministries to enhance their public trust. However, the private news channel like GEO News has to make all-out efforts on advertising agencies, real estate sectors, multi-national companies, national and international corporations to meet its financial besides enhancing business of the Channel. Reciprocally, the private sector providing huge funding to GEO News has some sort of influence on its editorial content and news coverage thus compromising freedom of express to some extent.  Implications/Originality/Value: The study has drawn a visible line between financial expenditure and its impact on news coverage and editorial policy. PTV News was providing absolute coverage to public departments due to financial dependency, whereas the GEO News was providing coverage to all political parties and other public and private sector with slight difference. However, the freedom of expression of the GEO News was compromised to some extent because of financial dependency.                                      

Putri Juliyanti Hasan

The research aims to determine and analyze the effect of dividend policy and business risk on capital structure in property and real estate companies. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The population in this research amounted to 65 companies and based on the sampling technique in the annual financial statements of property and real estate companies for the 20152019 period there were 15 samples or 75 observed data. The analysis used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of this research indicate that the dividend policy has a positive and significant effect on capital structure and business risk has no effect on capital structure.

Lei Zhao, Miaomiao Zhang

This article mainly introduces how to use various basic emulators to form a combined emulator in the Jiutian Intelligence Network Simulation Platform to realize simulation service functions in different business scenarios. Among them, the combined emulator is included. The business scenarios include different practical applications such as multi-objective antenna optimization, high traffic of business, CSI (channel state information) compression feedback, etc.

Rita Yi Man Li, Miao Shi, Derek Asante Abankwa et al.

The world’s population is getting older these days. Frailty, a gerontologic health condition associated with ageing, has serious consequences. One crucial remedy for the elderly population is the development of ageing-in-place infrastructures. To better understand the market requirements for ageing housing units, the causes of downsizing and the governmental measures to ameliorate the situation, face-to-face in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted in this study. Elderly residents of two significant ageing-in-place institutions in Hong Kong, along with their caregivers, were interviewed. The method of methodological triangulation was used to combine interviews, records, and communication tools to increase the reliability and trustworthiness of the findings. The provision of facilities for the elderly has successfully established a pathway for creating and making housing spaces available to families who need larger homes, while the elderly typically downsize from larger homes and relieve their financial needs. It is also found that a digital divide exists; some respondents suggested that they do not know about computers and do not use smart facilities in their homes.

Valentin Valentinovich Volgin, Sergey Aleksandrovich Baronin

Исследована проблематика формирования ускоренного воспроизводства крупных комплексов промышленной недвижимости на национальном рынке индустриальных парков как особо приоритетного сегмента промышленного строительства. При этом в качестве стратегического организационно-экономического механизма ускоренного воспроизводства данных объектов промышленной недвижимости рассматриваются модели управления на основе жизненных циклов с целевыми функциями сокращения сроков строительства. В качестве ключевых элементов регулирования сокращения продолжительности жизненных циклов реализации данных инвестиционных проектов рассматриваются применение концепции экологического промышленного девелопмента, устойчивого развития, приоритета зеленого строительства, системы налоговых преференций бюджетов всех уровней, элементы государственно-частного партнерства и формирование специализированных управляющих компаний, ответственных за весь жизненный цикл функционирования данных производственно-экономических систем. Актуальность данной области разработок определяется значительной востребованностью исследований в области совершенствования существующих научно-практических под­ходов в области организации промышленного строительства, ответственного за ускорение социально-экономического развития территорий на основе ускоренного воспроизводства крупных промышленных комплексов недвижимости. Формирование инновационного сегмента промышленного строительства в виде рынка индустриальных парков должно обеспечивать ускоренное создание промышленных комплексов различного типа. Это предопределяет важность эффективного моделирования жизненных циклов ускоренного воспроизводства промышленной недвижимости индустриальных парков как антикризисного инструментария государственного регулирования наращивания конкурентоспособных товаров. Создание и развитие национального рынка индустриальных парков требует развития методов промышленного строительства на основе современных идей в области моделирования жизненных циклов объектов капитального строительства, устойчивого развития, экологического промышленного девелопмента применительно к современным формам промышленного строительства в виде индустриальных парков. Целью исследования является разработка методических подходов и практических рекомендаций по моделированию жизненных циклов ускоренного воспроизводства промышленной недвижимости индустриальных парков на основе моделей промышленного экологического девелопмента и устойчивого развития. Объектом исследования является развивающийся национальный рынок индустриальных парков как особый инновационный сегмент промышленного строительства, ориентированный на ускоренное воспроизводство промышленной недвижимости в условиях необходимости существенного сокращения сроков реализации данных типов инвестиционных проектов. В статье продемонстрированы следующие основные научные результаты: тренды развития национального рынка индустриальных парков; особенности организационно-экономических механизмов становления и развития рынка индустриальных парков в России и за рубежом; структуризация и анализ методов организационного воздействия, связанных с государственными приоритетами национального становления и развития индустриальных парков; опыт применения концепции устойчивого развития и экологического девелопмента применительно к промышленному строительству и практики строительства индустриальных парков; авторское моделирование структуры жизненного цикла ускоренного воспроизводства промышленной недвижимости при промышленном строительстве индустриальных парков на основе инструментария промышленного экологического девелопмента и устойчивого развития; формализация многокомпонентных показателей устойчивости жизненных циклов экологического девелопмента индустриальных парков; экономико-математическая интерпретация прогнозируемых показателей устойчивости жизненных циклов промышленного экодевелопмента как экономической надежности воспроизводственных процессов промышленного строительства применительно к индустриальному парку «Северный алмаз» на ранних стадиях его планирования.

Alistair P. Barros, Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede, Henderik A. Proper

The workflow concept, proliferated through the recently emergent computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) systems and workflow systems, advances information systems (IS) implementation models by incorporating aspects of collaboration and coordination in business processes. Under traditional implementation models, applications are partitioned into discrete units of functionality, with (typically) operational procedures used to describe how human and computerised actions of business processes combine to deliver business services. In this paper, a number of essential modelling concepts and features for business transaction workflows are developed.

Carlos H. Cardonha, Andre A. Cire, Lucas C. Villa Real

This paper investigates sequencing policies for file reading requests in linear storage devices, such as magnetic tapes. Tapes are the technology of choice for long-term storage in data centers due to their low cost and reliability. However, their physical structure imposes challenges to data retrieval operations reflected in classic optimization and operations research problems. In this work, we provide a theoretical and numerical performance analysis of low-complexity algorithms under deterministic, stochastic, and online settings, which are key in practice due to their interpretability and the large scale of existing data services. In the deterministic setting, we show that traditional policies, such as first-in first-out (FIFO), have arbitrarily poor performance, and we develop and investigate new constant-factor approximations. For the stochastic setting, we present a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme that weighs files based on their access frequencies. Finally, we investigate an online extension and propose a new algorithm with constant competitive-factor guarantees. Our numerical analysis on synthetic and real-world data suggest that the proposed algorithms may significantly outperform policies currently adopted in practice with respect to average reading times.

О. Е. Lubenchenko

The requirements to financial monitoring to be implemented by auditing entities, as defined by the Law of Ukraine “Preventing and Combating Legalization (Laundering) of Incomes Received by Criminal Ways, or Financing of Terrorism or Financing of Proliferation of Arms of Mass Destruction” from 06.12.2019 р. No 361-ІХ, enforced on 28.04.2020, are studied. The occurrence of ambiguous interpretations of some notions in the abovementioned Law or heavy financial sanctions that may be imposed on auditing entities entail the need in elaborated and implemented intra-firm documents on financial monitoring. While the previous revision of the Law contained the clearly defined peculiarities of organization of financial monitoring by auditing entities when providing certain services to clients (real estate transactions; asset management; raising of funds for establishing, operating and managing legal entities; sales and purchases of corporate assets), such peculiarities cannot be found in the new revision of the Law. It follows that now the auditing entities need to be guided by general norms of the Law in organizing financial monitoring. A series of administrative documents has been elaborated for this purpose: the order on appointment of a person responsible for financial monitoring; the conclusion of business reputation review for a candidate for the position of responsible person; the rules for financial monitoring of auditing entity; the monthly reference of the responsible person on the results of implemented actions on financial monitoring. The elaborated rules for financial monitoring cover all the legal requirements on implementation of financial monitoring, with the possibility of making amendments in them as appropriate. The rules must be informed to all the staff of an auditing entity, engaged in the provision of auditing and non-auditing services, through participation in internal training on financial monitoring issues. Apart from the rules, it is proposed that the working documentation supporting the procedures of financial monitoring should be supplemented by the following sections: 1. Documentary support for financial monitoring of auditing entities. 2. Staff and training of staff on financial monitoring issues. 3. Documentary support for interactions with the State Service of Financial Monitoring of Ukraine, ministries and administrative department, which allow auditing entities to meet fully the legal requirements and avoid heavy financial sanctions on the side of controlling and regulatory bodies.

Vytautas Snieška, Valentinas Navickas, Katarína Havierniková et al.

The implementation of Industry 4.0 concept brings many risks mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The objective of the study is a diagnosis and comparison of the perception of selected risk issues connected with Industry 4.0 implementation in Slovak and Polish SMEs, which have knowledge or experience with cluster cooperation. This category of SMEs is specific due to the fact, that not all of the SMEs have experience with cluster cooperation or know this form of doing business. For this purpose, the questionnaire survey of 787 respondents was conducted, focused on the risks of Industry 4.0 that are the most important for SMEs included in three categories: technical readiness, risks of innovation and risks of information. The statistical analysis of the survey results with the application of software STATISTICA and Social Science Statistics calculator leads to the conclusion that, except for the kind of risk of “New products and services”, all the observed risks are perceived as higher by Slovak SMEs than by Polish SMEs. The novelty of this research and its contribution to the body of knowledge lies in identification and evaluation of most important risks for specific group of SMEs related to Industry 4.0 implementation compared in two countries. The results of this research provide useful information for the practical fine-tuning of the policy aimed at transfer to Industry 4.0 in specific field – cluster cooperation, depending on the size of the enterprise.

Yara Rizk, Abhishek Bhandwalder, Scott Boag et al.

Business process automation is a booming multi-billion-dollar industry that promises to remove menial tasks from workers' plates -- through the introduction of autonomous agents -- and free up their time and brain power for more creative and engaging tasks. However, an essential component to the successful deployment of such autonomous agents is the ability of business users to monitor their performance and customize their execution. A simple and user-friendly interface with a low learning curve is necessary to increase the adoption of such agents in banking, insurance, retail and other domains. As a result, proactive chatbots will play a crucial role in the business automation space. Not only can they respond to users' queries and perform actions on their behalf but also initiate communication with the users to inform them of the system's behavior. This will provide business users a natural language interface to interact with, monitor and control autonomous agents. In this work, we present a multi-agent orchestration framework to develop such proactive chatbots by discussing the types of skills that can be composed into agents and how to orchestrate these agents. Two use cases on a travel preapproval business process and a loan application business process are adopted to qualitatively analyze the proposed framework based on four criteria: performance, coding overhead, scalability, and agent overlap.

Manuel Fritsche, Shuhang Gu, Radu Timofte

Most of the recent literature on image super-resolution (SR) assumes the availability of training data in the form of paired low resolution (LR) and high resolution (HR) images or the knowledge of the downgrading operator (usually bicubic downscaling). While the proposed methods perform well on standard benchmarks, they often fail to produce convincing results in real-world settings. This is because real-world images can be subject to corruptions such as sensor noise, which are severely altered by bicubic downscaling. Therefore, the models never see a real-world image during training, which limits their generalization capabilities. Moreover, it is cumbersome to collect paired LR and HR images in the same source domain. To address this problem, we propose DSGAN to introduce natural image characteristics in bicubically downscaled images. It can be trained in an unsupervised fashion on HR images, thereby generating LR images with the same characteristics as the original images. We then use the generated data to train a SR model, which greatly improves its performance on real-world images. Furthermore, we propose to separate the low and high image frequencies and treat them differently during training. Since the low frequencies are preserved by downsampling operations, we only require adversarial training to modify the high frequencies. This idea is applied to our DSGAN model as well as the SR model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in several experiments through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our solution is the winner of the AIM Challenge on Real World SR at ICCV 2019.