Hasil untuk "Physics"

L. Amendola, S. Appleby, D. Bacon et al.

Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2019 within the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 program. The main goal of Euclid is to understand the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shifts of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky.Although the main driver for Euclid is the nature of dark energy, Euclid science covers a vast range of topics, from cosmology to galaxy evolution to planetary research. In this review we focus on cosmology and fundamental physics, with a strong emphasis on science beyond the current standard models. We discuss five broad topics: dark energy and modified gravity, dark matter, initial conditions, basic assumptions and questions of methodology in the data analysis.This review has been planned and carried out within Euclid’s Theory Working Group and is meant to provide a guide to the scientific themes that will underlie the activity of the group during the preparation of the Euclid mission.

J. You, F. Nori

Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions exhibit macroscopic quantum coherence and can behave like artificial atoms. Recent technological advances have made it possible to implement atomic-physics and quantum-optics experiments on a chip using these artificial atoms. This Review presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in this rapidly advancing field. We not only discuss phenomena analogous to those in atomic physics and quantum optics with natural atoms, but also highlight those not occurring in natural atoms. In addition, we summarize several prospective directions in this emerging interdisciplinary field.

T. Lahaye, T. Lahaye, T. Lahaye et al.

This paper reviews the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the study of ultra-cold gases made of bosonic particles interacting via the long-range, anisotropic dipole–dipole interaction, in addition to the short-range and isotropic contact interaction usually at work in ultra-cold gases. The specific properties emerging from the dipolar interaction are emphasized, from the mean-field regime valid for dilute Bose–Einstein condensates, to the strongly correlated regimes reached for dipolar bosons in optical lattices.

Z. Hazari, G. Sonnert, P. Sadler et al.

D. Wiersma

A. Chao

R. Kubo, M. Toda, N. Hashitsume

R. Zallen, C. M. Penchina

H. Butt, K. Graf, M. Kappl

1. Introduction 2. Liquid Surfaces 3. Thermodynamics of Interfaces 4. Charged Interfaces and the Electric Double Layer 5. Surface Forces 6. Contact Angle Phenomena and Wetting 7. Solid Surfaces 8. Adsorption 9. Surface Modification 10. Friction, Lubrication, and Wear 11. Surfactants, Micelles, Emulsions, and Foams 12. Thin Films on Surfaces of Liquids 13. Solutions to Exercises 14. Analysis of Diffraction Patterns

G. Pólya, G. Szegő

Y. Imry, M. Tinkham

J. Davies

P. Gennes

M. Shifman, A. Vainshtein, V. Zakharov

V. Chepyzhov, M. Vishik

J. Kleer, J. Brown

L. Marton, I. Estermann, S. Brown

N. Fletcher, T. Rossing, R. M. Williamson

Jaime Cofre

In this article, I advance the idea that physics plays a central role in cell differentiation and makes fundamental contributions to morphogenesis, revealing the totipotent nature of the zygote. Totipotency is a persistent mechanical memory that preserves the biomechanical records of animal morphogenesis. I examine the mechanical and biophysical pathways underlying cell differentiation in embryonic development and cancer, treating them as closely related biological and mechanical processes. Drawing inspiration from evolutionary history, I also propose a biophysical mechanism for the emergence of the animal nervous system. By linking physical principles to cellular differentiation, this review positions mechanobiology as a pillar of innovation with high-impact clinical implications for diseases such as cancer.