Dans le dernier chapitre de Parcours de la reconnaissance, Ricœur propose une conception pacifiée de la reconnaissance, fondée sur la mutualité plutôt que sur la réciprocité et développée à partir d’une phénoménologie du don. Bien que dans ce chapitre Derrida ne soit pas cité, l’article montre en quoi les analyses des deux philosophes se font écho, dans un jeu croisé entre déconstruction et reconstruction du don, mené à partir de la comparaison avec l’échange marchand. À l’instar de Derrida, Ricœur fait voir l’impossible du don, avec ses trois apories. Mais, à la différence de Derrida, il dévoile, dans un mouvement complémentaire de reconstruction, les pouvoirs pratiques du don, avec la dialectique entre amour et justice constitutive de la puissance et de la fragilité du don.
Il saggio si propone di offrire un contributo di discussione e di approfondimento allo studio svolto da Jacopo Della Torre relativo all’analisi comparativa dei differenti standard probatori adottati nel tempo per raggiungere la certezza della decisione penale. In ragione dell’ampiezza dei temi trattati, ci si soffermerà in particolare sul sistema di prove legali e sul passaggio all’intimo convincimento, con specifico riferimento alla realtà francese.
Sentagi Sesotya Utami, Winny Setyonugroho, Moch Zihad Islami
et al.
Introduction: Ship-to-shore (STS) crane operators strive for efficiency in their work, but they must take a hard look at their high-risk jobs. It is necessary to learn how to improve occupational safety and health. This study aims to investigate the problems faced by STS crane operators working in container ports and to understand the importance of fit-for-work monitoring procedures, particularly for individuals working in high-risk industries such as STS operators. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach, and data were collected through interviews and observations of STS operators and in-house clinic staff. Nine STS operators, two in-house clinic staff, and two safety, health, and environment (SHE) staff were interviewed. Results: This study found that container terminal companies emphasise two critical aspects for STS operators: productivity and occupational safety and health. STS operators face health problems, including physical and psychological problems, due to the fast-paced work system, sleep patterns, daily activities, and thoughts that are difficult to control. Employees have coping mechanisms to deal with fatigue, and stakeholders have effectively communicated the company's safety and health culture. Most stakeholders in a container terminal company want a fit-for-work monitoring system to make the business efficient and sustainable. Conclusion: The STS industry faces a significant problem with operator fatigue, which can negatively impact safety and productivity. This issue requires a comprehensive strategy, including legislation to regulate working hours and shift patterns, technology to combat fatigue, and operator education and training.
Risza Subiantoro, Margarita M Maramis, Nining Febriana
et al.
Introduction: Postoperative depression is a condition of depressive effects in patients without symptoms of depressive mood that occurs a few weeks after surgery and persists for at least 2 weeks. It generally possesses the same symptoms as major depressive disorder. Review: Their difference is that surgery is the trigger of depression in postoperative depression cases. Postoperative depression is associated with increased patients’ morbidity and mortality, increased the risk of disease complications, reduced postoperative healing process, prolonged the duration of treatment, and reduced patients’ quality of life. Therefore, mental health conditions should always be assessed on patients after undergoing surgery. Postoperative depression therapy needs to consider the benefits of antidepressants and adequate pain management. Antidepressant considerations also need to consider interactions with other drugs. Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are also useful in postoperative depression management. Conclusion: This review is aimed to give insight about postoperative depression, its importance, and how to treat it.
THIS article discusses ‘limitarianism’, which in its most general formulation is the idea that in the world as it is, no one should have more than a certain upper limit of valuable goods, in particular, income and wealth. What, if anything, does ‘limitarianism’ add to normative political philosophy? In Section I, I describe the context in which limitarianism has been introduced. Section II will provide a more detailed statement about limitarianism, including some more recent contributions to and developments in the literature. In the next two sections, I discuss egalitarianism (Section III) and sufficientarianism (Section IV) and ask whether they can do what I envision to be the task of limitarianism. Section V argues that within theories of distributive justice, limitarianism is best seen as part of a pluralist account. This is illustrated by sketching the proposal of a pluralist account combining sufficientarianism, opportunity egalitarianism, and limitarianism. Section VI concludes by pulling everything together, and will give an answer to the question of what limitarianism contributes to normative political philosophy.
A dolgozat a tatai Esterházy-uradalomhoz tartozó Alsógalla, Bánhida, Felsőgalla, valamint Tatabánya községek területén élt zsidó közösség történetén keresztül kívánja megragadni a modernizáció, a polgárosodás és az asszimiláció folyamatát egy olyan térségben, amely a 19. század második felében, a szénbányászat megjelenését követően, jelentős gazdasági átalakuláson ment keresztül. A zsidóság helyi társadalomban betöltött szerepének, valamint a zsidó és nem zsidó népesség viszonyának vizsgálata révén beazonosításra kerültek azon tényezők, amelyek hozzájárultak az izraelita felekezetű népesség társadalmi beilleszkedéséhez, továbbá kijelölésre kerültek azon mérföldkövek is, amelyek az asszimiláció egyes szakaszaihoz köthetők.
Esse ensaio buscará sondar as relações entre filosofia e literatura, no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, a despeito de sua parceria conjunta com Félix Guattari, atentando tanto para as concepções de escrita expressas ao longo de sua obra quanto para o modo como essas concepções teriam influenciado o estilo de seus escritos filosóficos. Partindo da premissa deleuziana de que a escrita possui um acentuado lastro clínico, sendo a responsável pela elaboração de um diagnóstico das forças capazes de aprisionar ou calar a vida, procurar-se-á esmiuçar as ressonâncias desse lastro clínico, na concepção de filosofia como ato criativo, elaborada pelo autor. Como hipótese a ser aqui trabalhada, defende-se que a escrita deleuziana – compreendida como portadora de uma literalidade, conforme sustenta François Zourabchivili, ou como encrustada de uma poética imanentista, tal qual sugere Anita Costa Malufe – procuraria produzir uma zona de vizinhança ou indiscernibilidade entre a escrita filosófica, de caráter mais exegético, e a escrita literária, mais afectiva, de modo a produzir um deslocamento na relação do leitor com o ato de pensar.
The category of space, originally related to the field of scientific knowledge of philosophy, became the subject of linguistic research in the XX century after the structurallinguistic turn and the Sepir-Whorf hypothesis, which allowed expanding the possibilities of philological analysis of literary texts. Space is closely related to the understanding of time, so it is still difficult to interpret these categories without appealing to another one. There are many approaches to the definition of « space»: through chronotope, locativity, and text-forming categories; researchers understand space as a «specific system of signs», a «modeling language», and spatial metaphors. Therefore, the relevance of the work is seen in the deepening of research affecting the art space.The article pays special attention to the typology of space in works of art. The novelty of the work is expressed in an attempt to identify and describe the linguistic features of the space of the otherworld, which was actively addressed by writers and playwrights of the Silver Age of Russian literature. This is explained by the fact that the subjective (that is, the space created by the author) has its own structure, independence, it is developed by the individual consciousness, which, in turn, is a historical consciousness with a space-time concept of an era, culture. The core of the work of the writers of the beginning of the XX century was not real life, but subjective visions and experiences, behind which the symbolists wanted to recognize the reflections of invisible fire, the radiance of mysterious worlds, meanings that could not be translated into the language of logic. Real space ceases to be real, it is a model, an imitation, a representation of the existing world in an abstract sense.The otherworld, which in dictionaries is understood as a space opposed to the real, as the space of a literary text has different characteristics: it does not necessarily belong to the locus of the fantastic or «unreal», its main feature is to enter into an antithesis with the space in which the hero is initially located, to be different from the «real» space by a set of not only external features, but also the state of the characters moving into it.The paper presents and describes the main linguistic units with which the space of the otherworld is verbalized in literary texts of the beginning of the XX century.
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Este trabalho objetiva realizar uma análise retórica acerca dos lugares da argumentação que fundamentaram o discurso teológico encontrado no Evangelho Segundo Lucas 19, 1-10. Esse texto bíblico apresenta o encontro entre o orador Jesus Cristo e o publicano Zaqueu. Assim, por Retórica, compreende-se o uso de técnicas argumentativas que visam persuadir; por discurso teológico, entende-se o uso de textos extraídos de livros considerados sagrados que falem sobre Deus. O discurso teológico toma como suporte textual a Bíblia, considerada um livro de expressiva importância para o Cristianismo. Metodologicamente, o trabalho filia-se a uma perspectiva qualitativa de análise retórica e embasa-se em Abreu (2009), Aristóteles (2011), Ferreira (2015), Meyer (2007), Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014), Reboul (2004), Rocha (2020a, 2020b), entre outros. A partir da análise retórica, verificou-se que os lugares da argumentação foram decisivos para o ato de persuadir, no texto teológico destacado. Percebeu-se que o orador Jesus Cristo se serviu desses recursos retóricos (lugares argumentativos) para ganhar a confiança e persuadir o publicano Zaqueu.
The friction between madhhabs in Aceh, especially between the Ahlisunnah Wal Jamaah (Aswaja) and Wahabi have become increasingly sharp in recent decades. Religious tolerance in Aceh has suffered a setback with the existence of various religious incidents such as the expulsion of preachers, seizure of mosque control, burning of mosque foundations. The Aswaja party is dominated by ulama Dayah (Islamic school scholars) and their followers, while the Wahabi party is aimed at campus Islamic scholars, especially those with Middle Eastern backgrounds. In response to these findings, PTAI (Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam/Islamic Higher Education) in Aceh offered various solutions. UIN Ar-Raniry seeks to bring together Ulama Dayah and campus scholars to carry out dialogue and consensus. IAIN Langsa prefers not to be involved in the Aswaja and Wahabi conflicts because they consider the friction of madhhab in Aceh is not purely a religious issue, but rather a political one. STAIN Dirundeng Meulaboh is more inclined to the Aswaja and so is the Al-Muslim Bireuen Campus considering having leaders from the Muhammadiyah circle.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Islam
Jednym z głównych wątków bogatego magisterium św. Jana Pawła II jest tematyka antropologiczna. Pytanie o człowieka, o jego naturę, jego egzystencjalny etos i ostateczne powołanie, które odnajduje w Bogu, było tematem pierwszej, programowej encykliki Redemptor hominis. Jednak geneza zainteresowania tematem człowieka była wcześniejsza i sięga początków formacji intelektualnej i duchowej Karola Wojtyły, a także jego pracy kapłańskiej. Znaczącym elementem tej historii jest duszpasterstwo młodzieży akademickiej w Krakowie. Stało się ono nie tylko praktycznym polem doświadczenia człowieka, ale i inspiracją do naukowej refleksji filozoficzno-teologicznej. Jej owocem były dwa dzieła, w których Wojtyła formułuje zarys swojego personalizmu integralnego: Miłość i odpowiedzialność oraz Osoba i czyn. Zawarta w nich analiza podmiotowości człowieka będzie później fundamentem jego nauczania o godności osoby ludzkiej, której najgłębszy fundament znajduje się w stworzeniu człowieka na obraz i podobieństwo Boga, w odkupieniu dokonanemu przez Chrystusa i powołaniu człowieka do wspólnoty miłości z Bogiem w wieczności.
Artykuł przedstawia zasadnicze linie tego rozwoju, począwszy od pierwszych konferencji na temat człowieka skierowanych do krakowskich studentów, aż po teologię ciała, rozwijaną w trakcie środowych audiencji w Watykanie.
Resumo: Neste artigo, recusa-se o frequente pessimismo de Freud, tantas vezes denunciado por seus leitores, em relação à vida dos homens e aos destinos da humanidade, recusa auxiliada pela distinção, em sua obra, entre o domínio da metapsicologia e o da clínica. O primeiro domínio, fortemente associado à sistematização da psicanálise, admite um determinismo naturalista que, em seus termos, não prevê a autodeterminação do homem, da civilização e seus destinos, isto é, não tem a liberdade como uma noção operatória, caso em que as especulações teóricas foram compostas por certo ponto de vista evolucionista, partilhado com a biologia, assim como pelo ponto de vista entrópico, partilhado com a física. Sustenta-se que a metapsicologia foi assim concebida na ordem dos princípios que orientam a evolução de cada homem e da humanidade, segundo uma finalidade que comporta sua própria exaustão, por isso é aqui denominada entrópico-declinista. O segundo domínio, relacionado ao diagnóstico e às técnicas de cura, comporta uma noção de homem e de civilização que, longe de ser resultado de uma providência natural ou sobrenatural, o é de si mesmo, caso em que admite um tipo de autoesclarecimento, de escolhas e mesmo de autorregulação visando, no limite, à autoprodução humana que permite postergar o destino entrópico da humanidade, que neste texto se nomeia de emancipatória. Da distinção metodológica de ambas, espera-se discernir a filosofia da história e da natureza que estaria contida em sua obra.
Animal enjoy knowledge and perception according to the Islamic philosophy. In order to study the question of knowledge and perception of animals, this survey has been done from the view point of philosophy of transcendent wisdom. Transcendent wisdom is an ontological philosophy. This reflective system bestows the originality to existence. In light of this outlook, what – so – ever covers the arena of the Being, is existence and the essences are virtual. The existence is the realization of Divine Action. Existence is gradational. Each level and stage includes the whole perfections of its own inferior level and exempted from the limits of the inferior existence. This very level and stage is in turn comprehended by the superior level to this own level. Inanimate bodies, animals, and human being enjoy perfection of existence of its own level. Both perfection and existence are one reality, and they are in such a position that the more intensified the existence is, the more evident the perfection is. Animal enjoys perfection according to its existential level. One of these perfections is knowledge, because it is predicated on existence as it is existence. The gradation of existence realizes in every level, so the perfections in any level of existence are gradational. Animals are the possessors of knowledge. Knowledge in animals is gradational. Animals can be subjected to the education, but animal’s knowledge is imaginary and sensory. Animals are able to be in the course of education with imaginary and sensory methods and develop the level of their own knowledge.
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
As a universal religion, Islam regulates all aspects of life. As one of aspects in Islam, tasawwuf/Sufism invites people to be guardians for environmental preservation since nature is part of God’s creatures. To some extent, the teachings of Sufism are mainly about ethic (adab). This ethic can be either vertical to God or horizontal to all God’s creatures including nature and environment. Ibn Arabi in this regard is an influential character in Sufism which his thoughts gave a lot of influence on the development of the world of Sufism in General. Among his thoughts is about the unity of God with the universe. The question is, how Ibn Arabi’s thought could give an impact in the context of the preservation of the environment. This research finds amd formulates some aspect of Sufism that can contribute to encourage people in dealing with environmental preservation. It is based on attitude or akhlak theologically.
<p>En este ensayo, introducimos los diferentes contenidos de los que se ocupa este número monográfico dedicado a la filosofía de la educación que edita Bajo Palabra. Revista de Filosofía. El proyecto pretende introducir la filosofía de la educación como una nueva sección en esta publicación y dar a conocer en el ámbito de trabajo más estrictamente filosófico qué temáticas y aproximaciones circulan en el área de la filosofía de la educación. Se ha buscado, además, establecer el perfil de la filosofía de la educación con respecto, en primer lugar, a los trabajos que se han venido haciendo en su nombre y, en segundo lugar, a lo que queda aún por hacer. Estas preguntas son respondidas por los diferentes colaboradores a lo largo de tres secciones. En la primera se ofrecen diferentes visiones de lo que es la filosofía de la educación, en la segunda se presentan varios trabajos representativos de lo que se está investigando actualmente en la filosofía de la educación y en la tercera, se ofrecen tres recensiones críticas sobre publicaciones recientemente aparecidas en tres contextos lingüísticos diferentes relativas a la filosofía de la educación. Esperamos que los lectores de este número monográfico, disfruten de la riqueza de pensamiento y las inesperadas relaciones que aparecen cuando se inicia una conversación en el campo de la filosofía de la educación</p><p>Palabras clave: Filosofía de la educación, área de conocimiento, líneas temáticas, enfoques filosóficos.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>In this paper we introduce this special issue of Bajo Palabra. Journal of Philosophy, devoted to philosophy of education. The project marks the introduction of philosophy of education as a new section within the Bajo Palabra, and aims to present to a broader philosophical audience those themes and approaches which are circulating within the field of philosophy of education. It has been our intention to raise the profile of philosophy of education in respect of both the work which has been done and is being done in its name on the one hand and the work that ought to be done in its name on the other. Happily, these intentions have been addressed by the various contributors. We have arranged the contents of this edition into three sections. The first offers different visions of what the philosophy of education is and ought to be, the second presents several papers which are representative of what is currently being investigated in the philosophy of education, and the third offers three book reviews of recent introductions to the philosophy of education, each from a different linguistic context. We hope readers of the present volume will by stimulated to further reflection by the fruitful thoughts and unexpected relations that emerge when a conversation within the field of philosophy of education starts up.</p>Keywords: Philosophy of education, area of knowledge, research lines, philosophical approaches.