Hasil untuk "Pharmacy and materia medica"

Jia-nuo Zang, Duo Chen, Rui Guo et al.

A microscopic investigation of the rotational properties in $^{129}\mathrm{Cs}$ and $^{131}\mathrm{La}$ was carried out using the three-dimensional tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory (3DTAC-CDFT). The calculations reveal the coexistence of magnetic and chiral rotation built on identical qusiparticle configurations $π{h}_{11/2}^{1}\otimes ν{h}_{11/2}^{-2}$ in $^{129}\mathrm{Cs}$ and $^{131}\mathrm{La}$, establishing a new type of shape coexistence. The calculations predict the deformation parameters for magnetic rotation in $^{129}\mathrm{Cs}$ ($β\approx0.23$, $γ\approx41^\circ$) and $^{131}\mathrm{La}$ ($β\approx0.25,$ $γ\approx42^\circ$), along with those for possible chiral rotation in $^{129}\mathrm{Cs}$ ($β\approx0.20,$ $γ\approx29^\circ$) and in $^{131}\mathrm{La}$ ($β\approx0.20,$ $γ\approx27^\circ$). The energy spectra, the relation between the spin and the rotational frequency, and the reduced $M1$ and $E2$ transition probabilities are obtained with the various configurations. The experimental characteristics of band B8 in $^{129}\mathrm{Cs}$ and band 13 in $^{131}\mathrm{La}$ are well reproduced. Moreover, a distinctive rotational mode transition is uncovered in this work, progressing from the principal-axis rotation to the planar rotation and finally to the chiral rotation, as the rotational frequency evolves through different regimes.

Princee Tyagi, Akash More, Namarata Anjankar et al.

Infertility is considered a global concern, significantly contributing to females with PCOS. This case study describes the journey of a 33-year-old woman with PCOS and her 35-year-old male partner, who had been trying to conceive for over four years. They also had a history of failed intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles despite normal semen parameters of the male partner, the female investigations revealed abnormalities in hormonal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that were the identified contributing factors. Further, the couple underwent significant counseling emphasizing lifestyle changes to manage infertility caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Following ovarian stimulations for oocyte retrieval, 17 oocytes were retrieved, and eight were of Metaphase II. Six zygotes formed after performing an ICSI. They expanded into blastocysts, and further blastocysts underwent cryopreservation. Later, with progesterone support, the frozen embryo transfer was performed, resulting in a successful pregnancy. After embryo transfer, the female patients underwent regular follow-ups to monitor the possible complications of pregnancy. This case report demonstrates the potential challenges and success of ART employing PCOS patients, despite previously unsuccessful IUI and ICSI attempts and the presence of hormonal imbalances. The utilization of controlled ovarian stimulation, ICSI, FET, and lifestyle modifications worked effectively to achieve positive outcomes in pregnancy. The case study highlights the significance of individualized treatments and guidance in managing infertility caused by PCOS. The significance of routine follow-ups in ensuring the health of both the mother and the fetus, that shows PCOS patients, can have successful reproductive outcomes.

Kushal Pal Singh, Pawan Kumar

The rapid growth of e-commerce has led to the emergence of e-pharmacies, which enable consumers to purchase prescription medications online. This study aims to explore the factors influencing the adoption of e-pharmacies in India through an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Twelve in-depth interviews were conducted with individuals who had experience ordering prescription medicines through e-pharmacies. The findings revealed that constructs from the UTAUT2 model, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value, and habit, played a significant role in the adoption of e-pharmacies. Construct hedonic motivation, from UTAUT2, was found to be weakly significant in explaining the adoption of e-pharmacy. Additionally, health literacy was identified as a key factor, with e-pharmacy users demonstrating higher levels of health literacy. However, perceived risks, such as performance, financial, privacy, and psychological risks, were found to negatively influence the adoption of e-pharmacies. The study proposes, based on findings, a research model to understand consumer behavior in the adoption of e-pharmacies. The findings suggest that the presence of favorable conditions, such as convenience, accessibility, user-friendly interfaces, social influence, internet accessibility, integrated healthcare services, diverse payment methods, and price advantages, have contributed to the widespread acceptance and adoption of e-pharmacy services in India. The study highlights the need for future research to employ quantitative or mixed methods approaches to address the limitations of the current exploratory study and to investigate the multifaceted determinants of e-pharmacy adoption in different geographical contexts.

H. Alnemeh-Al Ali, J. Bejaud, N. Lautram et al.

Peptide conjugated-nanodrug is one of the most studied new treatment options in the field of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). This tumour, GBM, is a difficult to treat brain tumour mainly due to its location and the complexity of targeting tumour cells. A promising GBM-targeting peptide (NFL-TBS.40–63) is a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that has previously demonstrated selectivity against GBM cells and also a capacity to damage their microtubule network at appropriate concentrations. Here, a potential nano-based delivery system was developed by coupling the biotinylated-NFL-peptide (BIOT-NFL) with lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) loaded with Colchicine (Col), an anti-microtubule agent with potent anticancer activity. The effect of BIOT-NFL and free Colchicine was first evaluated on GBM cells. Colchicine was then loaded in lipid nanocapsules (Col-loaded LNCs) and the obtained nanocapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release, and then coupled with the BIOT-NFL-peptide. Interestingly, a potential nanosystem composed of peptide-nanofibers (formed from BIOT-NFL) decorated with Col-LNCs was observed by electron microscopic examination. Finally, the effects of this BIOT-NFL coupled to Col-LNCs were evaluated in vitro on GBM cells. This new nanosystem may offer a promising strategy for GBM targeted therapy.

Yu Liao, Mingchao Wang, Fuli Qin et al.

IntroductionEvidence of the benefits of cordycepin (Cpn) for treating obesity is accumulating, but detailed knowledge of its therapeutic targets and mechanisms remains limited. This study aimed to systematically identify Cpn’s therapeutic targets and pathways in Western diet (WD)-induced obesity using integrated network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental validation.MethodsA Western diet (WD)-induced mice model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Cpn in ameliorating obesity. A network pharmacology analysis was then employed to identify the potential anti-obesity targets of Cpn. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to elucidate the potential functions of the identified targets, followed by constructing a protein-protein interaction network to screen the core targets. Meanwhile, quantitative transcriptomics was conducted to validate and broaden the network pharmacology findings. Finally, molecular docking and quantitative real-time PCR assay were used for the core target validation.ResultsCpn treatment effectively alleviated obesity-related symptoms in WD-induced mice. The metabolic pathway, insulin signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, and core targets including CPS1, HRAS, MAPK14, PAH, ALDOB, AKT1, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, BHMT2, EGFR, CASP3, MAT1A, APOM, APOA2, APOC3, and APOA1 are involved in regulating the therapeutic effect of Cpn.ConclusionThis study comprehensively uncovers the potential mechanism of Cpn against obesity based on network pharmacology and quantitative transcriptomics, which provides evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of obesity, suggesting that Cpn is a possible lead compound for anti-obesity treatment.

Can Liu, Jin Wang, and Yipeng Zhou et al.

Federated learning (FL) empowers privacypreservation in model training by only exposing users' model gradients. Yet, FL users are susceptible to gradient inversion attacks (GIAs) which can reconstruct ground-truth training data such as images based on model gradients. However, reconstructing high-resolution images by existing GIAs faces two challenges: inferior accuracy and slow-convergence, especially when duplicating labels exist in the training batch. To address these challenges, we present an Accurate and Fast-convergent Gradient Inversion attack algorithm, called AFGI, with two components: Label Recovery Block (LRB) which can accurately restore duplicating labels of private images based on exposed gradients; VME Regularization Term, which includes the total variance of reconstructed images, the discrepancy between three-channel means and edges, between values from exposed gradients and reconstructed images, respectively. The AFGI can be regarded as a white-box attack strategy to reconstruct images by leveraging labels recovered by LRB. In particular, AFGI is efficient that accurately reconstruct ground-truth images when users' training batch size is up to 48. Our experimental results manifest that AFGI can diminish 85% time costs while achieving superb inversion quality in the ImageNet dataset. At last, our study unveils the shortcomings of FL in privacy-preservation, prompting the development of more advanced countermeasure strategies.

Marina Morgado Garcia, Mariana Michel Barbosa, Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior et al.

Introdução: A avaliação de serviços de saúde é compreendida como fator qualificador de gestão e tem papel fundamental como indicador de melhorias. A satisfação é entendida como a percepção do usuário, e quando utilizada para ponderar o acesso aos medicamentos, pode ser considerada um componente da avaliação da qualidade dos serviços, representando uma importante ferramenta de estratégias de gestão pública. Objetivo: avaliar a satisfação dos usuários em relação ao acesso aos medicamentos, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, nas suas 5 dimensões: disponibilidade, acessibilidade geográfica, adequação, capacidade aquisitiva e aceitabilidade. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo epidemiológico descritivo do tipo inquérito. O questionário foi aplicado em locais de ampla circulação com distintos públicos na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. A coleta de dados foi realizada com consumidores, com 18 ou mais anos, que utilizavam serviços privados e/ou públicos de saúde. Para mensurar a satisfação em relação às dimensões de acesso, foi utilizada a escala de Likert. Resultados e Discussão: Foram entrevistados 580 indivíduos, dos quais pouco mais da metade tinha plano de saúde e relatavam utilizar exclusivamente os serviços privados. Com uma diferença estatisticamente significante, um maior número de usuários que acessavam exclusivamente o serviço público estavam insatisfeitos ou muito insatisfeitos quando comparados aos usuários que utilizavam exclusivamente o setor privado, em relação a todas as dimensões de acesso a medicamentos: disponibilidade (31,4% versus 14,9%), acomodação (22,9% versus 9,09%) e acessibilidade geográfica (17,2% versus 10,0%), capacidade aquisitiva (31,5% versus 20,91%) e aceitabilidade (11,4% versus 8,79%), respectivamente. Considerações finais: Os resultados revelam que os indivíduos que acessam exclusivamente os serviços públicos, estão em sua maioria mais insatisfeitos que os indivíduos que acessam exclusivamente os serviços privados. Além disso, os dados indicam o nível mediano de satisfação em relação às diferentes dimensões que constituem acesso a medicamentos.

Aliki Peletidi, Vasilis Birlirakis, Michael Petrides

Xiuxian Yang, Wanxiang Feng, Xiao-Ping Li et al.

Recently, Heusler ferromagnets have been found to exhibit unconventional anomalous electric, thermal, and thermoelectric transport properties. In this study, we employed first-principles density functional theory calculations to systematically investigate both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), and anomalous thermal Hall effect (ATHE) in two Heusler ferromagnets: Fe$_2$CoAl and Fe$_2$NiAl. Our analysis reveals that the extrinsic mechanism originating from disorder dominates the AHE and ATHE in Fe$_2$CoAl , primarily due to the steep band dispersions across the Fermi energy and corresponding high longitudinal electronic conductivity. Conversely, the intrinsic Berry phase mechanism, physically linked to nearly flat bands around the Fermi energy and gapped by spin-orbit interaction band crossings, governs the AHE and ATHE in Fe$_2$NiAl. With respect to ANE, both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are competing in Fe$_2$CoAl as well as in Fe$_2$NiAl. Furthermore, Fe$_2$CoAl and Fe$_2$NiAl exhibit tunable and remarkably pronounced anomalous transport properties. For instance, the anomalous Nernst and anomalous thermal Hall conductivities in Fe$_2$NiAl attain giant values of 8.29 A/Km and 1.19 W/Km, respectively, at room temperature. To provide a useful comparison, we also thoroughly investigated the anomalous transport properties of Co$_2$MnGa. Our findings suggest that Heusler ferromagnets Fe$_2$CoAl and Fe$_2$NiAl are promising candidates for spintronics and spin-caloritronics applications.

Alessandra Celletti

The universe is composed of ordinary matter (for example, stars, planets, ourselves), dark matter and dark energy. The estimated percentage of dark matter is about $27\%$ of the entire universe, while $5\%$ is ordinary matter and the remaining part is dark energy. This article introduces the fundamental ingredients that led to conjecture the existence of dark matter and to study its properties. To this result have contributed, directly or indirectly, numerous female mathematicians and astronomers, who we quote to give them the right credit.

Chunli Gao, Bin Bao, Chunling Bao et al.

Fibrin clot structure and function are major determinants of venous and arterial thromboembolic diseases, as well as the key determinants of the efficiency of clot lysis. Studies have revealed that fungi fibrinolytic compound <b>1</b> (FGFC1) is a novel marine pyranisoindolone natural product with fibrinolytic activity. Here, we explore the impacts of FGFC1 on clot structure, lysis, and plasminogen activation in vitro using turbidimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confocal and electron microscopy, urokinase, or plasmin chromogenic substrate. Clots formed in the presence of FGFC1 expressed reduced fibrin polymerization rate and maximum turbidity; however, they did not influence the lag phase of fibrin polymerization. In the absence of scu-PA (single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator), microscopy revealed that FGFC1 increased the number of protofibrils within fibrin fiber and the pore diameter between protofibrils, inducing clots to form a region of thinner and looser networks separated by large pores. The effects of FGFC1 on scu-PA-mediated plasma clot structure were similar to those in the absence of scu-PA. In addition, FGFC1 promoted the lysis of clots and increased the D-dimer concentration in lysate. FGFC1 increased the generation rate of p-nitroaniline in plasma. These results show that FGFC1 has fibrinolytic activity in plasma, leading to interference with the release of fibrinopeptide B to affect lateral aggregation of protofibrils and increase clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis by altering its structure.

Hugh Mohan, Andrew Fagan, Silvia Giordani

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are an incredibly versatile class of materials that can be used as scaffolds to construct anticancer nanocarrier systems. The ease of chemical functionalisation, biocompatibility, and intrinsic therapeutic capabilities of many of these nanoparticles can be leveraged to design effective anticancer systems. This article is the first comprehensive review of CNM-based nanocarrier systems that incorporate approved chemotherapy drugs, and many different types of CNMs and chemotherapy agents are discussed. Almost 200 examples of these nanocarrier systems have been analysed and compiled into a database. The entries are organised by anticancer drug type, and the composition, drug loading/release metrics, and experimental results from these systems have been compiled. Our analysis reveals graphene, and particularly graphene oxide (GO), as the most frequently employed CNM, with carbon nanotubes and carbon dots following in popularity. Moreover, the database encompasses various chemotherapeutic agents, with antimicrotubule agents being the most common payload due to their compatibility with CNM surfaces. The benefits of the identified systems are discussed, and the factors affecting their efficacy are detailed.

Ramón Andrés Pineda-Álvarez, Carolina Flores-Avila, Luis Medina-Torres et al.

A healing material must have desirable characteristics such as maintaining a physiological environment, protective barrier-forming abilities, exudate absorption, easy handling, and non-toxicity. Laponite is a synthetic clay with properties such as swelling, physical crosslinking, rheological stability, and drug entrapment, making it an interesting alternative for developing new dressings. This study evaluated its performance in lecithin/gelatin composites (LGL) as well as with the addition of maltodextrin/sodium ascorbate mixture (LGL MAS). These materials were applied as nanoparticles, dispersed, and prepared by using the gelatin desolvation method—eventually being turned into films via the solvent-casting method. Both types of composites were also studied as dispersions and films. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and rheological techniques were used to characterize the dispersions, while the films’ mechanical properties and drug release were determined. Laponite in an amount of 8.8 mg developed the optimal composites, reducing the particulate size and avoiding the agglomeration by its physical crosslinker and amphoteric properties. On the films, it enhanced the swelling and provided stability below 50 °C. Moreover, the study of drug release in maltodextrin and sodium ascorbate from LGL MAS was fitted to first-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, respectively. The aforementioned systems represent an interesting, innovative, and promising alternative in the field of healing materials.

Jin-Xuan Han, Jin-Lei Wu1and Yan Wang, Yan Xia et al.

Hybrid systems that combine spin ensembles and superconducting circuits provide a promising platform for implementing quantum information processing. We propose a non-Hermitian magnoncircuit-QED hybrid model consisting of two cavities and an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere placed in one of the cavities. Abundant exceptional points (EPs), parity-time (PT )-symmetry phases and PT -symmetry broken phases are investigated in the parameter space. Tripartite highdimensional entangled states can be generated steadily among modes of the magnon and photons in PT -symmetry broken phases, corresponding to which the stable quantum coherence exists. Results show that the tripartite high-dimensional entangled state is robust against the dissipation of hybrid system, independent of a certain initial state, and insensitive to the fluctuation of magnonphoton coupling. Further, we propose to simulate the hybrid model with an equivalent LCR circuit. This work may provide prospects for realizing multipartite high-dimensional entangled states in the magnon-circuit-QED hybrid system.

Tiantian Feng, Rajat Hebbar, Nicholas Mehlman et al.

Speech-centric machine learning systems have revolutionized many leading domains ranging from transportation and healthcare to education and defense, profoundly changing how people live, work, and interact with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many speech-centric ML systems may need to be considered more trustworthy for broader deployment. Specifically, concerns over privacy breaches, discriminating performance, and vulnerability to adversarial attacks have all been discovered in ML research fields. In order to address the above challenges and risks, a significant number of efforts have been made to ensure these ML systems are trustworthy, especially private, safe, and fair. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive survey on speech-centric trustworthy ML topics related to privacy, safety, and fairness. In addition to serving as a summary report for the research community, we point out several promising future research directions to inspire the researchers who wish to explore further in this area.

Hui-Min Ho, Chiung-Yi Huang, Chung-Hsiang Yang et al.

Nasal spray vaccination is viewed as a promising strategy for inducing both mucosal and systemic protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Toward this goal, a safe and efficacious mucosal adjuvant is necessary for the transportation of the antigen across the mucosal membrane and antigen recognition by the mucosal immune system to generate broad-spectrum immune responses. This study describes the immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein after being formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and squalene nanoparticles (termed PELC). Following intranasal delivery in mice, higher expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on CD11c⁺ cells were observed at the draining superficial cervical lymph nodes in the CpG-formulated S protein group compared with those vaccinated with S protein alone. Subsequently, the activated antigen-presenting cells downstream modulated the cytokine secretion profiles and expanded the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity of S protein-restimulated splenocytes. Interestingly, the presence of PELC synergistically enhanced cell-mediated immunity and diminished individual differences in S protein-specific immunogenicity. Regarding humoral responses, the mice vaccinated with the PELC:CpG-formulated S protein promoted the production of S protein-specific IgG in serum samples and IgA in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. These results indicate that PELC:CpG is a potential mucosal adjuvant that promotes mucosal/systemic immune responses and cell-mediated immunity, a feature that has implications for the development of a nasal spray vaccine against COVID-19.

Ika Oktaviani, Titin Andri Wihastuti, Bambang Rahardjo et al.

Context: Swimming exercises can be used as an intervention to maintain the stability of the synthesis of the pubic symphysis cartilage. Aims: To evaluate the effects of swimming exercise on relaxin levels, MMP-13, TGFβ expression in pubic cartilage at pregnant rats with induction of RLN2 gene. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats (six in each group) were impregnated with 24 male rats (1:1). Three groups had swimming exercises for 60 min per day, and the other groups were treated as the control group. Two groups were given subcutaneous RLN2 gene. Relaxin plasma was collected from the sinus retro-orbital and performed twice on the eighth day and the 20th of pregnancy. The pubic symphysis of the rats was collected on the 20th day of pregnancy, and the decalcification process was carried out before making histological preparations. Results: There was an increase in the amount of relaxin in the relaxin-induced group after 24 h induction (p=0.000). Relaxin levels of pregnant rats on the 20th day correlated with the expression of MMP-13, p=0.029; R2=0.447. In the treatment group, relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression were lower than the non-treatment group, p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively. In contrast, there was a higher expression of TGFβ in the treatment group, p=0.000. Conclusions: Relaxin plasma levels have a significant correlation with the expression of MMP-13, and swimming exercise increases the expression of TGFβ and decreases relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression in the pubic cartilage.

Iman Basheti, Bassam Mahboub, Laila Salameh et al.

Background: Prevalence of asthma in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is high, and training patients on correct inhaler technique is vital. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of inhaler technique labels incorporating the individual technique steps in image format on the retention of correct inhaler technique for patients with asthma living in the UAE and following inhaler training; secondly to investigate the effect of inhaler technique education using self-check pictorial labels on patients’ overall asthma control. Methods: This single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted in 2019 and followed consecutive recruitment of asthma patients visiting respiratory clinics at Rashid Hospital in Dubai. Patients were using a controller inhaler (Turbuhaler (TH), Accuhaler (ACC), or pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)). Following recruitment, patients were randomized into active group receiving educational intervention plus the inhaler label, and control group receiving educational intervention without the label. Patients were assessed at baseline and at one-month on their inhaler technique and asthma control. Results: Participants (<i>n</i> = 245; 93 = TH, 70 = ACC, 82 = pMDI) showed a significant difference between the groups at one-month for inhaler technique scores for TH (active 5.29 ± 1.86 vs. control = 24.4 ± 21.28), ACC (active = 3.99 ± 1.43 vs. control = 25.45 ± 22.57), and pMDI (active = 4.59 ± 0.10 vs. control = 120.55 ± 17.2), <i>p</i> < 0.001 for all. Asthma control for active group indicated significant improvements compared to control for TH and pMDI (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both), but not ACC group (<i>p</i> = 0.087). Conclusions: Retention of correct inhaler technique and improved asthma control can be enhanced by using a specialized inhaler technique label in image format.

Biplav Srivastava, Francesca Rossi, Sheema Usmani et al.

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide their users with methods and tools to increase users awareness of various properties of the chatbots, including non-functional properties that users may consider important in order to trust a specific chatbot. For example, users may want to use chatbots that are not biased, that do not use abusive language, that do not leak information to other users, and that respond in a style which is appropriate for the user's cognitive level. In this paper, we address the setting where a chatbot cannot be modified, its training data cannot be accessed, and yet a neutral party wants to assess and communicate its trustworthiness to a user, tailored to the user's priorities over the various trust issues. Such a rating can help users choose among alternative chatbots, developers test their systems, business leaders price their offering, and regulators set policies. We envision a personalized rating methodology for chatbots that relies on separate rating modules for each issue, and users' detected priority orderings among the relevant trust issues, to generate an aggregate personalized rating for the trustworthiness of a chatbot. The method is independent of the specific trust issues and is parametric to the aggregation procedure, thereby allowing for seamless generalization. We illustrate its general use, integrate it with a live chatbot, and evaluate it on four dialog datasets and representative user profiles, validated with user surveys.

Ziqiang Shi, Liu Liu, Zhongling Liu et al.

The detection of facial action units (AUs) has been studied as it has the competition due to the wide-ranging applications thereof. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the AU detection from a single input image by grasping the \textbf{c}o-\textbf{o}ccurrence and \textbf{m}utual \textbf{ex}clusion (COMEX) as well as the intensity distribution among AUs. Our algorithm uses facial landmarks to detect the features of local AUs. The features are input to a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layer for learning the intensity distribution. Afterwards, the new AU feature continuously passed through a self-attention encoding layer and a continuous-state modern Hopfield layer for learning the COMEX relationships. Our experiments on the challenging BP4D and DISFA benchmarks without any external data or pre-trained models yield F1-scores of 63.7\% and 61.8\% respectively, which shows our proposed networks can lead to performance improvement in the AU detection task.