Spontaneous language production represents a fundamental form of communication in everyday interactions. In patients with aphasia, various aspects of spontaneous production are weakened, with the degree of impairment correlating with the severity of aphasia - ranging from mild to moderate to severe forms. However, there is still a lack of detailed knowledge regarding which specific areas of spontaneous speech are most affected depending on the degree of aphasia. The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate spontaneous production in patients with aphasia and to interpret the observed differences with respect to the severity of aphasia. Spontaneous production is analysed using the methodology of Spontaneous Speech Analysis (ASpoR), expanded with an assessment of coherence and informativeness, achieving a more comprehensive evaluation of the patient's abilities. The research sample consists of 40 individuals with aphasia, divided into two groups of mild and moderate aphasia. According to the results, significant differences exist between these groups in terms of productivity (the number of correctly expressed elementary text units), error rate (total number of phonological errors and grammatical agreement errors), coherence (both global and local), and informativeness (the number of main concepts and the core lexicon index). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that a comprehensive evaluation of spontaneous speech serves as a reliable indicator of aphasia severity,
Contexte : La compréhension verbale est une composante clé du développement du langage. Or, cette composante est particulièrement déficitaire chez les enfants avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA) et déficience intellectuelle (DI). Actuellement, son évaluation est compliquée, notamment car les tests existants ne sont pas adaptés aux particularités cognitives et sensorielles des enfants avec TSA et DI. Les récentes recherches montrent que les outils numériques sont des supports motivants et simples à utiliser avec ces enfants. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact du support sur la passation d’un test de compréhension du langage oral présenté sur papier ou sur tablette.
Méthode : Dans cette étude, 12 enfants avec TSA et DI ayant un niveau de compréhension verbale situé entre 18 et 36 mois, ont été évalués sur tablette et sur papier grâce à une épreuve de compréhension lexicale et une épreuve de compréhension syntaxique.
Résultats : Bien que le support n’influence pas les résultats des enfants aux deux épreuves, la passation sur tablette est significativement plus courte que celle sur papier. De plus, les scores à la grille comportementale sont meilleurs quand les enfants sont évalués sur tablette, mettant en avant une meilleure adaptation à la situation et une diminution des comportements sensoriels spécifiques des patients avec TSA.
Conclusion : Ces observations mettent en avant que l’utilisation d’un support numérique pour l’évaluation des enfants avec TSA peut favoriser leur participation aux épreuves proposées.
Ahmed Mateen Buttar, Usama Ahmad, Abdu H. Gumaei
et al.
A speech impairment limits a person’s capacity for oral and auditory communication. A great improvement in communication between the deaf and the general public would be represented by a real-time sign language detector. This work proposes a deep learning-based algorithm that can identify words from a person’s gestures and detect them. There have been many studies on this topic, but the development of static and dynamic sign language recognition models is still a challenging area of research. The difficulty is in obtaining an appropriate model that addresses the challenges of continuous signs that are independent of the signer. Different signers’ speeds, durations, and many other factors make it challenging to create a model with high accuracy and continuity. For the accurate and effective recognition of signs, this study uses two different deep learning-based approaches. We create a real-time American Sign Language detector using the skeleton model, which reliably categorizes continuous signs in sign language in most cases using a deep learning approach. In the second deep learning approach, we create a sign language detector for static signs using YOLOv6. This application is very helpful for sign language users and learners to practice sign language in real time. After training both algorithms separately for static and continuous signs, we create a single algorithm using a hybrid approach. The proposed model, consisting of LSTM with MediaPipe holistic landmarks, achieves around 92% accuracy for different continuous signs, and the YOLOv6 model achieves 96% accuracy over different static signs. Throughout this study, we determine which approach is best for sequential movement detection and for the classification of different signs according to sign language and shows remarkable accuracy in real time.
¿Qué sucede en un corral de comedias cuando se entona una jácara? A partir de una breve pieza cantada de Quiñones de Benavente, este trabajo propone ubicar el género teatral entremesado de la jácara dentro del ritual punitivo, esto es, más allá de los límites de la pura ficción literaria. La íntima relación que se produce entre el público del cadalso y el del patio de comedias se estudia aquí tomando como referencia una hipotética pero verosímil reconstrucción de la interpretación de la Jácara de Isabel, la ladrona (1645). La representación de la criminalidad entraña, como se argumenta, la creación de un espacio liminal en el que público y actores se vuelven, también, susceptibles de participar en el ritual judicial. Así, el espectáculo de una jácara en directo desborda el texto que la contiene: mediante un proceso de identificación con los jayanes, se prolonga la sombra del poder judicial sobre el público teatral. No obstante, el tono estoico de la jácara y la sorna que la caracterizan amenazan, permanentemente, con desviar a los espectadores de asumir como propia la reprehensión moral de la que son, en teoría, objeto.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Alice LORET, Camille FAUTH, Elisabeth PERI-FONTAA
et al.
Actuellement, il existe peu de techniques spécifiques de féminisation vocale. Pourtant, les orthophonistes peuvent proposer ce type de prise en charge en réponse à la plainte de certaines femmes transgenres portant sur leur voix, perçue comme masculine. L’objectif de cette étude était donc de recenser et d’évaluer les pratiques cliniques orthophoniques de féminisation vocale.
À partir de la littérature et avec l’aide d’orthophonistes expérimentés, nous avons créé un protocole de prise en charge reflétant les pratiques orthophoniques. Ce protocole a été proposé à cinq patientes transgenres afin d’en évaluer l’efficacité. Pour ce faire, nous avons appliqué le modèle d'étude de cas unique expérimentale : les effets de l’intervention ont été évalués grâce à des mesures répétées permettant d’observer l’évolution de chaque patiente. De plus, une échelle d’évaluation subjective nous a permis d’évaluer la satisfaction des patientes au regard de leur propre voix.
Les résultats obtenus ont révélé qu’une élévation de la fréquence fondamentale (F0) et des valeurs formantiques, ainsi qu’une augmentation de l’étendue vocale, survenaient parfois suite à l’intervention orthophonique. Cependant, la grande variabilité interindividuelle ne permettait pas de confirmer les tendances observées. Par ailleurs, les résultats de l’évaluation subjective ont montré que les patientes sont plus satisfaites de leur voix suite au suivi orthophonique.
Bien que les résultats acoustiques ne nous aient pas permis d’établir des conclusions tangibles, l’augmentation de la satisfaction des patientes nous permet de suggérer que ce protocole de prise en charge est une réponse pertinente à la plainte spécifique des femmes transgenres.
This paper intends to produce a comparative analysis of 49 oral samples of the kind of chapbook known as “romance de ciego” and titled ‘The Woman Murdered by her Lover’ or ‘The Dance’. The main goal here is to acknowledge the traditionalizing mechanisms involved in the process of transmission of this motif. Also, the work will try to establish the degree to which there may appear various versions of a romance which was transmitted orally and on a late date, from a Chapbook. To do this, a detailed analysis of the level of discourse and on the plot configuration will be carried out, identifying links and similarities to other romance topics.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Resumen. Durante la fiesta de la Candelaria (2 de febrero), los habitantes de La Puebla de los Infantes (Sevilla) celebran en torno a hogueras de olivo —candelas—, en las que queman muñecos y singulares escenografías satíricas, mientras hombres y mujeres cantan sandingas, un tipo de copla eminentemente burlesca, donde cabe la pulla obscena y escatológica, considerada la sal y pimienta de la reunión festiva. Vinculando estas costumbres carnavalescas al tiempo liminar de turbulencia festiva que antecede al inicio de la primavera, este artículo se afana por comprender la lógica de degradación simbólica y renovación cósmica que subyace a las picantes canciones a través de las que los vecinos de La Puebla —y muy particularmente las mujeres— se divierten fustigando a la suegra, a la vecina, pero sobre todo al sexo opuesto, con el que se entabla una lucha ritual que pone de relieve el arcaico sentido apotropaico de la risa y la obscenidad, así como la creencia en la potencia fertilizadora que habría de nacer de la pugna de fuerzas contrarias pero complementarias.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
This article offers a review of the
main contributions to fieldwork, documentation and
other related topics on the Palencia’s oral literature,
from the earliest attested examples to the present.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Background and aims Increasingly, speech language pathologists are engaging in collaborative classroom services with teachers and other educators to support children with developmental language disorder and other communication impairments. Recent systematic reviews have provided a summary of only a small fraction of the available evidence and recommended the use of reason-based practice in the absence of a sufficient empirically driven evidence base. The purpose of this paper was to provide a broad (but critical) review of the existing evidence. Main contribution Papers were gathered through review of reference lists in the recent systematic reviews and other published works, as well as general internet searches. A total of 49 papers were identified either reporting empirical evidence pertaining to SLP-educator collaborative classroom activities, empirical evidence pertaining to consultative services, classroom instruction, or small group intervention in the classroom, or providing information, discussion, surveys, or reviews related to the topic. Evidence pertaining to vocabulary, oral language, phonological awareness, curriculum-based language, and written language were summarized together with qualifications based on elements of the research design. Conclusion and implications Although much of the evidence must be interpreted with considerable caution, the present review is informative for clinicians looking to adopt a reason-based approach to practice.
Special aspects of education, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
The problem discussed in the article is topical due to the interest of scientists to different types of language variations and especially registers or situational dialects treated by M.A.K. Halliday as use-related varieties of language or varieties used in a particular social setting. As discourse categorization is a very complex problem scholarly consensus has not been reached for the definitions of the term «register». The universal criteria for defining and discriminating registers have not been worked out either. The authors of the article give the review of scientific works devoted to the problem in question especially works by M.A.K. Halliday, R. Quirk, M. Joos, D. Hymes P. Trudgill, E.I. Belyaeva and others and analyze different definitions of the term «register», spectrums of registers and criteria for their discriminating. It enables the authors to come to the conclusion that only registers with the same field (religious, political, business etc.) and mode (oral/written, dialogue/monologue) can be compared. The difference lies in the sphere of tenor which depends on the degree of formality, distance of power and socio-psychological distance between speakers. The authors believe that it is also necessary to take into account the cooperative/ uncooperative character of conversation and para-verbal and non-verbal components of the speech situation. With this in mind they offer their definition of the register and describe main characteristics of registers in the sphere of oral communication.
RESUMEN. Este trabajo analiza la reelaboración del cuento de tradición oral Los tres consejos llevada a cabo por Lope de Vega en Los Ponces de Barcelona. Esta reescritura de un modelo narrativo de procedencia folklórica, posiblemente conocido por Lope a través de El conde Lucanor de Don Juan Manuel, supone un proceso de adaptación en el que el autor recurre a los planteamientos teóricos expuestos en el Arte nuevo de hacer comedias. Por otra parte, resalta el modo en el que Lope selecciona las distintas acciones a fin de dotar al texto de una mayor eficacia dramática.
ABSTRACT. This paper analyses the re-working of the oral tradition story Los tres consejos by Lope de Vega in Los Ponces de Barcelona. This re-writing of a narrative model from folk origins, which Lope might know through El conde Lucanor by Don Juan Manuel, involves an adaptation process in which the author follows the theory set out in Arte nuevo de hacer comedias. On the other hand, the way in which Lope selects the different actions in order to give the text a greater dramatic effect stands out.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Naeimeh Daneshmandan, Pedram Borghei, Nasrin Yazdany
et al.
Communication, cognition, language, and speech are interrelated and develop together. It should come as no surprise to us that the key to intervention with deaf children is to establish, as early as possible, a functional communication system for the child and the parents. Early intervention programs need to be multidisciplinary, technologically sound and most important, it should take cognizance of the specific context (community, country) in which the child and family function. The main aim of this study was to obtain oral communication development regarding current status of the intervention (aural habilitation and speech therapy)for children with severe to profound hearing impairment in Iran. A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken on a consecutive group of children with severe to profound deafness. Nine severe to profound hearing-impaired children out of the primer 42 cases, who were detected below two years old, had been selected in the previous study to receive aural habilitation. The average of their speech intelligibility scores was near 70% at age 6, which was accounted as poor oral communication and only two of them were able to communicate by spoken language. An integrated intervention services continued again for one year and their oral communication skill was assessed by their speech intelligibility. The intelligibility test of children was recorded on audio-tape, when they read 10 questions such as where is your home. This can be answered only in one word. Each tape was presented to10 normal hearing listeners, and their task was to write down, the answers in Persian orthography. At the beginning (at age 6) the average speech intelligibility score of these children was 72% and only two of them had score of 90% and 100%. At age 7, all of the severe groups were over 90%, and only two profound ones achieved the score of 48% and 62%. All of severe groups develop oral communication, but profound ones had a semi-intelligible speech and used Total communication. Oral communication development in severe to profound hearing impaired children is achievable in Iran, but needs integrated public services on aural habilitation and speech therapy. By providing such services, a considerable number of hearing impaired children would have a favorable chance to take part in regular schools and benefit from equivalent social development with normal hearing peers.
Electromyography measurements utilizing needle electrodes, were made to compare the laryngeal muscle activity of a stutterer and a non-stutterer, (a) when they indicated anticipation of either difficulty or no difficulty speaking, (b) when they actually spoke. The stutterer exhibited the earliest and longest laryngeal activity when he anticipated difficulty and actually stuttered. The stutterer exhibited more intense muscle activity before speaking than the non-stutterer. Therapeutically, it is suggested that stutterers learn to control the muscle activity prior to the moment of speaking.