Hasil untuk "Labor policy. Labor and the state"

Kristoffer Smemo

Brenda Isabel Murrugarra Retamozo

El artículo abordó el tema de la constitucionalización del derecho laboral, mediante el análisis de las disposiciones de la Constitución de 1979 y 1993, ello a fin de sustentar la tesis de que con lo dispuesto en tales normas se consolidó, en Perú, dicho fenómeno. Igualmente, se vio cómo el Tribunal Constitucional peruano, con su jurisprudencia, había contribuido a concretar dicho proceso. Finalmente, se consideró que la constitucionalización del derecho laboral implicaba que los magistrados aplicasen el bloque de constitucionalidad en sus resoluciones a través del control de convencionalidad.

Yesbolova Ainur, Abdikerimova Gulzhanar, Kulanova Darikul et al.

This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the current state of economic integration among the member-states of the Eurasian Economic Union with a specific focus on its implications for food security. Established in 2015, the EAEU comprises Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia, and endeavors to create a common economic space to foster mutual cooperation. Against the backdrop of global challenges, the nexus between economic integration and food security within the EAEU emerges as a critical aspect warranting careful scrutiny. The study employs a multidimensional approach, analyzing trade patterns, agricultural policies, and collaborative initiatives among member-states to elucidate the existing dynamics of economic integration and their impact on the food security landscape. By examining the interplay between the free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor, the research aims to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in achieving a resilient and sustainable food supply for the union’s populations. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the intricate relationship between economic integration and food security, offering insights that can inform policy decisions within the EAEU. In unraveling the complexities of this multifaceted nexus, the research seeks to guide the union toward a more secure and prosperous future, emphasizing the importance of nuanced strategies to address evolving global challenges. This paper serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in the intersection of economic integration and food security within regional economic unions.

Henrique Tahan Novaes, Flávio Chedid Henriques, Bruna Oliveira Martins

Este texto tem o objetivo de apresentar a estrutura e os principais debates da 1a Escola Internacional de Autogestão, realizada na Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes (ENFF) entre os dias 19 e 23 de abril de 2023. A fim de aprofundar os debates ocorridos nos encontros realizados pela Rede “Economia dos/as Trabalhadores/as”, vivenciamos com trabalhadores de cooperativas, membros do poder público, estudantes e pesquisadores universitários dilemas do trabalho e pesquisa no campo da autogestão e tensionamentos existentes entre o mundo do trabalho e a academia, que tentaremos abordar neste ensaio. Palavras-chave: Autogestão; Economia Solidária; Empresas Recuperadas por Trabalhadores; Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes; Pedagogia da Autogestão.

darciel da costa, Suely Aparecida Martins

Analisamos, neste artigo, experiências de jovens, egressos do Ensino Médio e residentes no Conjunto Habitacional Terra Nossa, em Francisco Beltrão - PR, a respeito da escola e do emprego. Com base no materialismo histórico-dialético, em documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito jovens, identificamos que coexistem duas redes de ensino voltadas ao enquadramento das juventudes aos postos de trabalho, tendo em conta etnia, classe social, renda e gênero. A rede voltada aos trabalhadores visa à formação para o mercado de trabalho. Concluímos que a efetiva vivência da moratória social é limitada pela condição de classe. Palavras-chave: Trabalho; Educação; Juventude; Desigualdade Social; Escola.

Lia Tiriba, José Luiz Cordeiro Antunes, Jacqueline Aline Botelho Lima et al.

Conforme a caracterização precisa de Arantes (2016), a história do tempo presente é encapsulada em um regime de espera destituído de perspectivas para o futuro. O novo tempo do mundo, encharcado de presentismo, parece acelerar-se através do livre fluir do capital e do desenrolar de eventos apocalípticos em cadeia, enquanto o próprio sentido de história vai se esvaindo.

Sina Orangi, Anders Hammer Strømman

In response to the increasing expansion of the electric vehicles (EVs) market and demand, billions of dollars are invested into the battery industry to increase the number and production volume of battery cell manufacturing plants across the world, evident in Giga-battery factories. On the other side, despite the increase in the battery cell raw material prices, the total production cost of battery cells requires reaching a specific value to grow cost-competitive with internal combustion vehicles. Further, obtaining a high-quality battery at the end of the production line requires integrating numerous complex processes. Thus, developing a cost model that simultaneously includes the physical and chemical characteristics of battery cells, commodities prices, process parameters, and economic aspects of a battery production plant is essential in identifying the cost-intensive areas of battery production. Moreover, such a model is helpful in finding the minimum efficient scale for the battery production plant which complies with the emergence of Giga-battery plants. In this regard, a process-based cost model (PBCM) is developed to investigate the final cost for producing ten state-of-the-art battery cell chemistries on large scales in nine locations. For a case study plant of 5.3 GWh.year⁻¹ that produces prismatic NMC111-G battery cells, location can alter the total cost of battery cell production by approximately 47 US$/kWh, which is dominated by the labor cost. This difference could decrease by approximately 31% at the minimum efficient scale of the battery production plant, which is 7.8 GWh.year⁻¹ for the case study in this work. Finally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the final prices of battery cell chemistries due to the changes in commodities prices, economic factors of the plant, battery cell production parameters, and production volume. The outcomes of this work can support policy designers and battery industry leaders in managing production technology and location.

Fan, I.B.

The article examines the content of the political culture of the Stalin era, which was determined by the contradiction between the declared ideal of a person and the actual attitude to the mass individual. The purpose of the study is to present the direction, methods, mechanisms, and functions of constructing such an ideal (a hero as a model for identification) in art, culture, and state cultural policy aimed at producing a mass individual as a conscious communist and in fact cheap military or labor force. The research methodology is based on the sociology of knowledge by P. Berger and T. Luckmann, analyzing the social correlation of knowledge and social reality, meaning, and objectivity. The author of the article summarizes the Soviet art construction principles that make up the canon of socialist realism. Fiction helps to reveal the hidden meaning of political culture as a whole: cultivating a hero means devaluing an ordinary individual, contributing to its effective use for any purpose. The study found that the result of the Stalinist stage of the cultural revolution was the transformation of the official, state political culture into a social constructor producing heroes in order to educate the Soviet man. Such a type of mass individual possesses a set of moral and political qualities that the party and the state need - communist consciousness, discipline, collectivity, patriotism, the ability to self-sacrifice, etc. However, while the functioning of the Stalinist political culture as a constructor, everyday reality, conditions of existence, needs, and interests of the mass individual were not taken into account, the ambivalent Soviet man became its actual end product being a heritage that retains a certain significance in today's Russia.

I. G. Aktamov, Yu. G. Grigoreva

The issues of the reasons, factors and features of labor migration of Mongolian citizens to the Republic of Korea in the post-socialist period of the country’s development are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the data of official statistics, government bodies of Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, as well as international organizations are presented. A review of scientific works on this issue by domestic, Mongolian, South Korean authors is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze migration processes, which in the near future will determine the socio-economic development of the states of Northeast Asia, taking into account the age, professional, gender characteristics of the “receiving” and “arriving” communities. It has been proven that the government of Mongolia pays great attention to migration policy, which emphasizes the migration of Mongolian citizens to the Republic of Korea. The authors identified the main factors influencing migration flows, and also determined the mechanisms of state regulation in the recent historical period. In the conclusion, the results of the analysis carried out on the problem and the prospects for the development of the study are formulated, including in the field of studying migration flows from the border regions of the Russian Federation.

Md. Mokhlesur Rahman, G.G.Md. Nawaz Ali, Xue Jun Li et al.

Investigating and classifying sentiments of social media users (e.g., positive, negative) towards an item, situation, and system are very popular among researchers. However, they rarely discuss the underlying socioeconomic factor associations for such sentiments. This study attempts to explore the factors associated with positive and negative sentiments of the people about reopening the economy, in the United States (US) amidst the COVID-19 global crisis. It takes into consideration the situational uncertainties (i.e., changes in work and travel patterns due to lockdown policies), economic downturn and associated trauma, and emotional factors such as depression. To understand the sentiment of the people about the reopening economy, Twitter data was collected, representing the 50 States of the US and Washington D.C, the capital city of the US. State-wide socioeconomic characteristics of the people (e.g., education, income, family size, and employment status), built environment data (e.g., population density), and the number of COVID-19 related cases were collected and integrated with Twitter data to perform the analysis. A binary logit model was used to identify the factors that influence people toward a positive or negative sentiment. The results from the logit model demonstrate that family households, people with low education levels, people in the labor force, low-income people, and people with higher house rent are more interested in reopening the economy. In contrast, households with a high number of family members and high income are less interested in reopening the economy. The accuracy of the model is reasonable (i.e., the model can correctly classify 56.18% of the sentiments). The Pearson chi-squared test indicates that this model has high goodness-of-fit. This study provides clear insights for public and corporate policymakers on potential areas to allocate resources, and directional guidance on potential policy options they can undertake to improve socioeconomic conditions, to mitigate the impact of pandemic in the current situation, and in the future as well.

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José Luis Ruiz Santamaría

Este artículo centra su atención en el análisis de la intervención principal por parte de la Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, así como de las primeras resoluciones judiciales que se han producido a causa del impacto provocado por la actual pandemia en relación a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.

Kurbatova Svetlana M., Aisner Larisa Yu., Naumov Oleg D.

The article discusses the personnel problem as an important factor in the development and digitalization of Russian economy in the field of agriculture. The problems of modern labor resources in agricultural production are highlighted. The ways of addressing the problems are explored: changing social working conditions, increasing motivational components both in the state policy in the field of agriculture and in the development of methods and mechanisms for managing labor resources at specific enterprises with special reference to the particular features of their production; creating the necessary modern infrastructure, updating the content of educational programs, training, retraining and professional development, improving the management mechanisms of the industry, etc.

Maria Claudia Pereira da Silva

O SINTTEL RJ, Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Telecomunicações do Rio de Janeiro, de longa data investe, apoia e divulga iniciativas voltadas ao resgate e preservação da memória das lutas dos trabalhadores. Já na década de 1990 organizou seu próprio Arquivo, responsável pelo tratamento da produção documental da entidade e pelo desenvolvimento de projetos voltados ao resgate e registro da história da categoria, para, em seguida, constituir o Arquivo Geral dos Trabalhadores, espaço de custódia criado com propósito de receber, abrigar, reunir, tratar e preservar coleções individuais e de organizações, compondo um grande acervo coletivo organizado em fundos com a denominação do respectivo doador.

Nils C. Bandelow, Johanna Hornung

Despite different institutional and situational conditions, the recent French labor market reforms bear a strong resemblance to the labor market reforms in Germany in the early 2000s. Governments at both points in time turned away from the conservative welfare state model and failed to appropriately legitimize their reforms toward the public as well as their originally partly social-democratic electorate. Given the diverging conditions which are expected to lead to different strategies of legitimization, this contribution inquires after the narrative stories with which the corresponding acting government framed its reforms publicly. Surprisingly, despite the large differences that the two governments faced, the analysis shows that the respective narratives stories were not only similar but can be assigned to certain programmatic groups that used the narratives to push their own policy program and place themselves in power positions. In doing so, the contribution establishes a yet missing link between the recently established Programmatic Action Framework (PAF) and the concept of narrative stories and discourse in policy analysis, thereby adding to both research strands. This link lies in the observation that programmatic groups use narratives to strengthen in-group identification and thus improve their chances of success, which makes dominant narratives an important indicator of programmatic groups. However, when legitimizing reforms – even if these are transferred from other country experiences – it is imperatively important to embed the strategies of legitimization in the national context.

Dylan Minor, Nicola Persico, Deborah M. Weiss

Abstract Job applicants with criminal records are much less likely than others to obtain legitimate employment. Recent efforts to address this problem include campaigns to persuade employers to hire applicants with a record voluntarily and legislation such as Ban the Box laws. The success of any remedial strategy depends on whether employer concerns are founded on an accurate view of how employees with a criminal background behave on the job if hired. Little empirical evidence now exists to answer this question. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining firm-level hiring practices and worker-level performance outcomes. Our data indicate that individuals with criminal records have a much longer tenure and are less likely to quit their jobs voluntarily than other workers. Some results, however, differ by job: sales employees with a criminal record have a higher tendency than other workers to leave because of misconduct, while this effect is smaller and less significant for customer service workers. By examining psychometric data, we find evidence that bad outcomes for sales people with records may be driven by job rather than employee characteristics. We find some evidence that psychometric testing might provide a substitute for the use of criminal records, but that it would not in our own sample.

Jaqueline Ventura, Sonia Maria Rummert

A seção Memória e Documentos deste número representa, simultaneamente, uma memória afetiva das editoras e uma homenagem ao professor e historiador Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, que faleceu no ano de 2013, mesmo ano em que assumimos a editoria da Trabalho Necessário. Um dos mais importantes historiadores do país, construtor de extensa e importante produção acadêmica, da qual destacamos o livro “Os Métodos da História”, escrito em conjunto com Héctor Pérez Brignoli. Também professor da Universidade Federal Fluminense, esse intelectual marxista não abria mão de sua independência intelectual e, em decorrência, criticava, com ênfase, as visões lineares e dicotômicas da história difundidas por alguns intelectuais de esquerda assim como por alguns partidos políticos.

Bruno Gawryszewsk, Adriana Penna, Marcelo Paula Melo

Os megaeventos esportivos estão fortemente arraigados nas relações sociais capitalistas há pelo menos três décadas. O artigo discute a realização de tais eventos e os compreende como uma ferramenta do capital para manter ciclo de reprodução de valor e, consequentemente, adiar crises de superprodução. Para isso, é destacado o alto investimento das esferas de governo na indústria de armamentos e tecnologias bélicas a fim de implementar um modelo de segurança pública que preza pelo domínio territorial e militarizado, particularizando o caso do município do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da ocupação de favelas pelas Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora.

Natalia V. POPROZMAN

The article focuses on the labor market of the Ukraine and the meaning of human resources for economic growth. The article deals with the effect of unemployment, which in the Ukraine is not only part of the market economy, but also the result of specific political and economic factors. The article deals with the content of research labor market on the brink of social, economic and psychological aspects. Proposed methodology which applied to determine the emotional state of the individual and the model of monetary panic on the coverage of mental and emotional mood of social groups or society as a whole. With increasing polarization in society is an urgent social justice and protection of the population and the demand for labor as the main source of income is the primary desire and goal at a time. According to the duality theory of mathematical programming (as a way of balancing the relationship between employers and workers), improving the labor market is a priority task, because according to parameters of official salary and assessment of professional knowledge and skills mathematical problem has not the solution, has no common points. Therefore the national economy should be developed according to economic laws, in spite of existing imbalances in the national economy, the people of the Ukraine deserve adequate assessment of their knowledge and skills and, therefore, have possibility to exercise their moral and material needs. Proved that the most important measure of social-economic policy of Ukraine is the formation of a qualitatively new economy, the basis of which is the humane, rational, efficient use of labor resources.