Objectives. Gallium nitride heterostructural field-effect transistors (GaN HFET) are among the most promising semiconductor devices for power and microwave electronics. Over the past 10–15 years, GaN HFETs have firmly established their position in radio-electronic equipment for transmitting, receiving, and processing information, as well as in power electronics products, due to their significant advantages in terms of energy and thermal parameters. At the same time, issues associated with ensuring their reliability are no less acute than for devices based on other semiconductor materials. The aim of the study is to review the thermal and mechanical mechanisms of degradation in GaN HFETs due to the physicochemical characteristics of the materials used, as well as their corresponding growth and post-growth processes. Methods for preventing or reducing these mechanisms during development, production, and operation are evaluated.Methods. The main research method consists in an analytical review of the results of publications by a wide range of specialists in the field of semiconductor physics, production technology of heteroepitaxial structures and active devices based on them, as well as the modeling and design of modules and equipment in terms of their reliable operation.Results. As well as describing the problems of GaN HFET quality degradation caused by thermal overheating, mechanical degradation, problems with hot electrons and phonons in gallium nitride, the article provides an overview of research into these phenomena and methods for reducing their impact on transistor technical parameters and quality indicators.Conclusions. The results of the study show that strong electric fields and high specific thermal loading of highpower GaN HFETs can cause physical, polarization, piezoelectric and thermal phenomena that lead to redistribution of mechanical stresses in the active region, degradation of electrical characteristics, and a decrease in the reliability ofthe transistor as a whole. Itis shown that the presence of a field-plate and a passivating SiN layer leads to a decrease in the values of mechanical stress in the gate area by 1.3–1.5 times. The effects of thermal degradation in class AB amplifiers are more pronounced than the effects of strong fields in class E amplifiers; moreover, the mean time to failure sharply decreases at GaN HFET active zone temperatures over 320–350°C.
The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry in the world today, and in the industry, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and micro-businesses significantly outnumber large fashion brands. Designer fashion enterprises (DFEs) are micro-businesses that produce designer fashion and they are typically embedded in collaborative networks to survive and grow. This article provides insights into how these networks can be leveraged for sustainability. We conducted interviews with ten DFEs in London and our analyses of the data identified that these firms come up against a range of sustainability challenges. Our study of these networks reveals that the businesses do not rely on other designers due to the competitive nature of the industry, despite facing the same barriers to sustainability. “Rhizomatic theory” is a post-structuralist concept that challenges hierarchical models of knowledge flows. Rhizomatic structures lend themselves to emerging fields like sustainable fashion as they are ever-evolving, constantly producing, and negotiating information. A rhizomatic approach could leverage DFEs’ networks and assist them to achieve greater sustainability threefold – self-identifying as “sustainable,” normalizing designer-to-designer connections, and increasing the open negotiation of sustainability knowledge. We contribute to theory on DFE networking and its application to help practitioners increase sustainability across the industry.
Abstract Background Improving nursing interns’ behavioral patterns toward the constructive conflict management style is critical for promoting effective nurse-patient conflict resolution. However, there is a dearth of research on the factors that influence constructive conflict management styles guided by theoretical principles. Aim To explore the relationships among nursing interns’ constructive conflict management style, career-related social support, emotional intelligence, and communication ability with angry patients using self-determination theory. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study following STROBE guidelines and recruited 375 nursing interns from 31 universities at a comprehensive teaching hospital in Hunan Province. Data on general information, career-related social support, emotional intelligence, communication ability with angry patients, and constructive conflict management style was collected from nursing interns using a general information questionnaire and reliable scales. Structural equation modeling was used to model and test the hypothesis. Results The nursing interns’ career-related social support had a significant immediate impact on constructive conflict management style (β = 0.320, CI: 0.099–0.213). Career-related social support and constructive conflict management style were mediated by emotional intelligence (β = 0.088, CI: 0.010–0.081) and communication ability with angry patients (β = 0.098, CI: 0.023–0.078), respectively. While multiple mediating effects (β = 0.067, CI: 0.014–0.057) were found. Conclusion High levels of professional social support, emotional intelligence, and communication ability with angry patients positively influence constructive conflict management style, especially social support. In order to promote the constructive conflict management style of nursing interns, nursing educators and managers should emphasize the establishment and maintenance of career support systems, and use experiential teaching methods such as role playing, virtual reality scenario simulation, and peer mentoring.
Objectives. The service level agreement is an important tool used in building reasonable relations between subscribers and operators of telecommunication networks. This includes the quality of services provided. One key component is reliability as assessed by the availability factor. The most suitable model for assessing the reliability of the service provided is a random graph model based on the service contour. This is the set of technical resources involved in the provision of this service. In this formulation, the assessment of the reliability of the service is based on the reliability of elements which constitute the telecommunications network (graph), nodes (vertices) and communication lines (edges). At the same time, the availability factors of nodes and lines are determined by the design features of the distribution environment, as well as the technical means used to organize them. The purpose of this work is to develop an approach to analyzing the reliability of telecommunication networks which support protective switching mechanisms for one protected and one backup sections.Methods. The following methods are used: theory of random graphs, matrices, probabilities and computer modeling.Results. The elements of the route, both basic and reserving, are divided into three groups. The first indicates permanent unchangeable parts of the paths, the second group identifies the reserved sections, and the third group indicates the reserving sections. At the same time, each of the reserved and reserving sections is formed on the basis of specified preferences. They are usually aimed at increasing the resulting reliability, although other rules may be used. In the case of protective switching schemes for one protected section and one backup sections, a variant of forming routes used for further calculations of the reliability indicator is shown.Conclusions. Using the example of a backbone network, the study shows that the use of protective switching mechanisms for the case of one required transmission route demonstrates a significant increase in reliability, with the exception of the use of protective switching in sections. This is primarily due to the topology features of the network under consideration.
This study investigates the role of schema theory in translation and aims to gain knowledge that may progress AI-related domains through the simulation of cognition and AI. Schema theory hypothesizes that translators use mental frameworks (schemata) to organize and interpret information. In the context of translation, schemata play a crucial role in knowledge representation, affecting limitations made during the translation process. A cognitive approach is employed and qualitative methods are used in the analysis. A corpus is collected from the translation of a SL Arabic novel (Frankenstein in Baghdad by A. Saadawi) into TL English, covering domains and language pairs. The translation process is analyzed to identify cognitive patterns employed by the translator as they apply schemata to achieve cross-cultural renditions. Conclusions reveal that schema activation significantly impacts translation choices, influencing how the translator interprets and conveys meaning across languages. Cognitive patterns shed light on how cultural and linguistic factors influence the transfer of information between SL and TL. Additionally, the study uncovers variations in schema utilization across different translation tasks and the adaptability and flexibility of cognitive processes in response to varying contexts and linguistic challenges. By deepening our understanding of schema theory, this research contributes to the design, training, and assessment of AI algorithms. It also provides valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying successful cross-linguistic communication and offers practical implications for translators engaged in intercultural exchange. Finally, this paper recommends that AI systems can drive advancements in MT and other AI-related fields of prior knowledge to produce accuracy and more closely with native speakers by using schema theory concepts.
Language and Literature, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The paper deals with the problem of securing a guaranteed victory for our side
in the course of military operations, when the dynamic power of the enemy is
known. The problem of the set of weapons for a guaranteed victory is solved. A
method is given for calculating the set of weapons and equipment that guarantees victory without regard to information on the set of weapons and equipment of the opposing side for any set. The method of composing and solving matrix games in game theory is used. The problem is modeled as a matrix game with mixed strategies, and the existence of its solution (saddle point) is shown in this setting. To obtain a numerical solution of the problem, the matrix game is reduced to the linear programming problem.
The object of research is the processes of data filtering and machine learning in content management systems. The subject of research is developing a hybrid approach to data filtering based on a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The article explores machine learning approaches to content management and how they can change the way we organize, categorize, and derive value from vast amounts of data. The main goal is to develop and use a hybrid approach for data filtering and training that will help optimize resource consumption and perform supervised training for better categorization in the future. This approach includes elements of supervised and unsupervised learning using the BERT architecture that uses this kind of flow that help reduce resource usage and adjust the algorithm to perform better in a specific area. As a result, thanks to this approach, the intelligent system was able to independently optimize for a specific field of use and help to reduce the costs of using resources. Conclusion. After applying a hybrid approach of data filtering and machine learning to existing data streams, we obtain a performance increase of up to 5%, and this percentage increases depending on the running time of the application.
Linguistic specificity effectively reduces barriers to information cognition, increasing the efficiency of information acquisition, integration and processing. Combining the psycholinguistics theory of the concreteness effect with asset-pricing theory, we determine that linguistic specificity in the management discussion and analysis section of a firm’s annual reports is negatively associated with stock price synchronicity, particularly in firms with strong external information demand or insufficient information supply. Furthermore, only specificity of the review section leads to a reduction in stock price synchronicity. Mechanism tests show that specificity reduces information processing costs and enhances information credibility. Additionally, proprietary costs are an essential determinant of linguistic specificity adoption. Our findings suggest that linguistic specificity plays an essential role in improving market pricing efficiency.
回顧性研究對公共政策與知識基礎之建立具有重要意義，但臺灣對於學校領導領域研究的回顧並不多見，故本研究以收錄於Scopus資料庫的期刊文章為範圍，以文獻計量方法進行近20年之研究回顧，探討的核心旨趣在於瞭解本土研究與全球學術的連結。經篩選後，計以95篇中、英文文章為分析對象。重要研究發現有三：一、在發表數量與期刊方面，臺灣於2001年方有學校領導的英文論文發表於國際期刊，而世界大學排名之強調及頂尖大學計畫之推動，雖使過往獨重中文發表的狀況產生改變，惟整體發表量仍偏少，且刊登於教育領導與管理核心期刊的比例亦不及兩成。二、以文獻被引用情形分析國際能見度，近20年臺灣學校領
導論文被引用數前十名的作者，平均論文篇數為3.5篇、平均被引用數則為45.2次，其中，平均被引用數與非洲地區教育領導研究之落差為3.33倍，與亞洲、非洲及拉丁美洲三個新興地區之落差為11.78倍。三、臺灣學者之研究主題能與國際學界相呼應，但仍有部分議題尚待開展。而共引用分析結果顯示，臺灣學校領導研究的智識結構可分為學習領導、分散形式的領導、領導行為及其影響，以及社會網絡等四個論述派別。上述結果指陳全球化下臺灣教育行政領域的發展，除可致力國際影響力的提升，亦應力求議題之多元。
1. Background
Systematic reviews may inform public policies and contribute to the building of a knowledge base. However, reviews of school leadership research are relatively rare in Taiwan. This study conducted a bibliometric review to analyze journal papers by Taiwanese scholars in the Scopus
database published in the previous 20 years. The focus was to examine the connection between Taiwanese and global research on school leadership.
2. Research questions
On the basis of the research background, four research questions were proposed: (1) What is the volume and growth trajectory of Taiwanese school leadership research? (2) What is the international visibility of Taiwanese school leadership research as revealed through citation analysis? (3) What are the main topics covered by Taiwanese school leadership research and how do they correspond to
the global trend? (4) What is the intellectual structure of Taiwanese school leadership research and how do it connect with the global literature?
3. Theoretical framework
(1) Intellectual development of school leadership research
The theory movement in the 1950s and 1960s highlighted the development of educational administration research. Griffiths (1959) categorized these theories into four groups: social system and role theory, leadership theory, decision theory, and organizational theory. In the 1970s, contingency theory, which emphasizes the influence of context on leadership, was proposed. With the growing interest in school effectiveness and school reform, the organizational perspective was applied to investigate school leadership. Instructional leadership was also emphasized from then on.
In the 1990s, other leadership approaches such as transformational leadership, moral leadership, and distributed leadership became popular in school leadership research. With the power paradigm
shifting from a heroic view of leaders to a more dispersed view of power, distributed leadership and teacher leadership were also highly recognized. In response to the international context, leadership for learning, which includes elements of instructional leadership, transformational leadership, and shared leadership, has gained global attention in the new millennium.
(2) Retrospective view of school leadership research
Systematic reviews did not appear in the field of educational administration until the 1980s. EPPI-Centre (2012) indicated the four key features of systematic reviews. First, a high quality systematic review is explicit and is conducted using transparent methods. Second, it follows a
standard set of stages. Third, the review is accountable, replicable, and updateable. Fourth, users should be involved to ensure reports are relevant and useful. The elements of reviews include the
central topics of interest, guiding questions, and goals; a conceptual perspective for guiding the review’s selection, evaluation, and interpretation of the studies; sources and types of data; data
evaluation and analysis; and the major results of the review (Hallinger, 2014). However, according to Hallinger’s study in 2014, only eight reviews met these criteria. Of the eight studies, some used critical synthesis, some adopted meta-analysis, and some employed both. In recent years, network
analysis, data mining, and bibliometric analysis are increasingly being applied in systematic reviews.
In addition to a greater diversity in methods, the regions under review have expanded from the United States and United Kingdom to many other regions. This development can be attributed to Hallinger’s effort to initiate international collaboration to build the knowledge base of educational
leadership in Asia. Because of the growing interest in the academic development in non-Western countries, he promoted the use of systematic reviews to examine studies in Asia, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Central and South America, which resulted in more than 30 systematic reviews on
educational leadership and management.
A wide range of research topics is a prominent feature of educational leadership and management research. Five topics that have gained frequent attention are social justice, female leadership, school leadership preparation and development, trust, and instruction and instructional
leadership. The following are the topics of frontier research in this field: principal, school leadership, and student achievement; distributed leadership, instructional leadership, teacher learning, accountability, school improvement, school reform, and leadership development; and race, justice, and urban education.
In Taiwan, research reviews on educational leadership are scant. According to Lin’s (2000) review, only a few studies have focused on the impact of principals on students. Pan’s (2010) review indicated that of all the educational leadership studies in government-funded projects and journals, 70% of the topics were related to principals’ leadership styles and behaviors. The distribution of the research topics was not sufficiently diversified to reflect global academic development.
4. Research method
This study used bibliometric analysis on the Scopus database to analyze Taiwanese school leadership research. The review process was based on the steps of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) developed by Moher et al. (2009). After the
process of screening, identification, eligibility determination, and inclusion, 95 papers were included for analysis. Descriptive analysis, citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and co-citation analysis were conducted to address the research questions.
5. Research findings
The study had the following three key findings: (1) Concerning the volume of publication in journals, the first English paper on Taiwanese school leadership research did not appear until 2001. Although the promotion of the world university rankings and the launch of the Top University
Project have changed the trend of solely using Chinese for academic writing, the number of English studies on school leadership remains limited. Moreover, only 14.7% of papers are published in the
core journals of education leadership and management. (2) A citation analysis revealed that the international visibility of Taiwanese school leadership research is low. The average number of papers of the 10 most cited Taiwanese scholars is 3.5, and they have been cited an average of 45.2 times. The number of citations of Taiwanese scholars is 3.33 times less than that of African educational leadership research and 11.78 times less than that of research on three emerging regions.
(3) The research topics selected by Taiwanese scholars may highlight international academic development; however, some underdeveloped topics remain such as social justice leadership, organizational theory, institutional theory, and social capital. The current co-citation analysis
revealed the four schools of thought of Taiwanese school leadership, namely leadership for learning, distributed forms of leadership, leadership behavior and its impact, and social network.
6. Contributions
Systematic reviews on school leadership are scarce in Taiwan. The present study conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the development and features of Taiwanese school leadership literature which is innovative in the research method. The connection between Taiwanese studies on
school leadership research and global scholarship has seldom been addressed in relevant research.
The current analysis presents the development of Taiwanese school leadership and its connection with global trends, providing critical insights and directions for future research on school leadership in Taiwan.
7. Implications
The present findings indicate the future direction of Taiwanese academic development in the field of educational administration. First, publishing more research in English can help increase the international impact of Taiwanese scholars. Greater exposure in English publications can highlight
the fruitful outcome of Taiwanese school leadership research internationally. Building the academic connections between Taiwan and other countries will also be beneficial. Second, the current study
identified a gap between Taiwanese school leadership research and the global trend. Including more diversified topics may help broaden the scope of research. Some topics recommended for future study include social justice leadership, organizational theory, institutional theory, social capital
theory, social justice theory, and critical racialism. Third, conducting periodic replication studies using bibliometric analysis may help track the development of Taiwanese school leadership research.
In particular, this method allows for a comparison of the distinguishing features of research among different periods. Fourth, a bibliometric analysis on Taiwanese school leadership research published
in Chinese would be of considerable value. Taiwan has several literature databases that collect domestic research. However, the data structure provides insufficient information for an effective bibliometric analysis. To maximize the usefulness of these databases, their data structure design
merits special consideration.
Hendrik Bernd Petersen, Bubacarr Bah, Bubacarr Bah
et al.
In compressed sensing the goal is to recover a signal from as few as possible noisy, linear measurements with the general assumption that the signal has only a few non-zero entries. The recovery can be performed by multiple different decoders, however most of them rely on some tuning. Given an estimate for the noise level a common convex approach to recover the signal is basis pursuit denoising. If the measurement matrix has the robust null space property with respect to the ℓ2-norm, basis pursuit denoising obeys stable and robust recovery guarantees. In the case of unknown noise levels, nonnegative least squares recovers non-negative signals if the measurement matrix fulfills an additional property (sometimes called the M+-criterion). However, if the measurement matrix is the biadjacency matrix of a random left regular bipartite graph it obeys with a high probability the null space property with respect to the ℓ1-norm with optimal parameters. Therefore, we discuss non-negative least absolute deviation (NNLAD), which is free of tuning parameters. For these measurement matrices, we prove a uniform, stable and robust recovery guarantee. Such guarantees are important, since binary expander matrices are sparse and thus allow for fast sketching and recovery. We will further present a method to solve the NNLAD numerically and show that this is comparable to state of the art methods. Lastly, we explain how the NNLAD can be used for viral detection in the recent COVID-19 crisis.
Currently, the importance and significance of E-learning in Russia is increasing day by day both for students studying in higher educational institutions and for adults who want to improve their qualifications or change their job profile. At the same time, this trend will only increase its momentum in view of the employers’ increasing requirements to the level and quality of the education received, the acquired professional skills in the learning process, the competencies mastered for fruitful future work.
The relevance of the chosen topic is that the use of E-learning in the university pedagogical process is one of the urgent innovative tasks of higher education, affecting the entire system of Russian education. E-learning increases the quality of education, promotes the use of modern interactive technologies, allows you to teach all categories of students, regardless of their physical abilities, reduces some pedagogical process costs, increases the image of an educational institution, contributes to the continuation of learning during pandemics.
The main research methods were the methods of system analysis, the theory of object-classification modeling of complex systems, design and development of information systems, analytical methods of spatial analysis and modeling, decision support, organization of web access, testing.
The work shows the design of an information electronic system for teaching students a foreign language (using the example of English) of the training program “Information Science and Computer Engineering” for the educational program “Space Information Systems and Technologies”, based on the technologies for developing web applications. The modeling of the subject area is considered, the analysis of modeling tools, the requirements for the functionality of the information system are presented. A diagram of use cases for the developed information system is developed. The article presents the developed database, describes its subject area and infological design. The program modules and the general model of the information electronic system for teaching students a foreign language are considered.
Zahra Rahmati, Ali reza Shirvani, Mohammad reza Dalvi
Today, technology and its developments have become one of the most important elements of the strategic environment of the organization. What is causing concern among the managers of organizations is the prevalence of cyberloafing in organizations. Surely the cyberloafing phenomenon has consequences for the company in terms of cost and loss of working hours but if done properly and toward the goals of the organization, it can lead to positive results. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and consequences of cyberloafing and to provide strategies for better management of this phenomenon. The research method is divided into two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative research was done by interview with thirteen staff members who provided sufficient information in the field. They were interviewed and a paradigm model was obtained by using the data theory approach. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to test the model. Its validity was confirmed by the supervisors and advisors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.866 for reliability. A total of 363 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the employees of government agencies. In the qualitative part, the factors that have contributed to the prevalence of cyberloafing, and the consequences are also classified into three groups: individual, group, organizational. For cyberloafing management, strategies for managing organizational resources and evaluating the performance and design of management mechanisms, deductions, proper use of the internet and job satisfaction were suggested.In the quantitative part, the hypotheses from the model have been confirmed
This paper presents a modulation constellation design technique for polarization modulation communication in wireless communication. Such constellation can be used for confidential polarization modulation communication on the depolarization channel. Information theory is innovatively applied to constellation design, which allows us to take the channel depolarization effects into account during the constellation design process. Specifically, we derive the security capacity of the communication system under depolarized channel conditions and use it as the objective function for secure constellation optimization. We use a heuristic genetic algorithm to solve the above optimization problem. The numerical results show that compared to the quasi-optimal geometry-based constellation, the resulting constellation can have an advantage of secure capacity and have better secure performance.
This article discusses features of the implementation of linguistic norms in international treaties.The proposed study has a purpose to identify linguistic means present in international document texts, i.e. treaties that are to fix the agreement that parties achieve with a view to establishing relations and regulating them in future. The research material is 1000 texts of international treaties. The total amount of factual material analyzed is over 6000 pages. Our methodology is based on the works by domestic and foreign authors on general theory of speech activity, laws of perception and understanding of speech, and the peculiarities of the generation of a statement, translation theory, and international law. One of the most important means of expressing information in a text is its lexical composition. International treaties texts comprise different types of vocabulary (common, terminological, specialized, etc.) that performs text- and style forming functions. From the point of view of grammar, compiling international treaties involves using particular grammatical forms and categories, syntactic structures and types of phrases. The essence of international treaties texts implies the presence of special clichs of a business style. In the preparation and editing of international treaties, the adequate use of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical means leads to a reduction of ambiguities and discrepancies in the texts of these documents.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Semantics
The paper describes an approach that allows solving the problem of extrinsic calibration of a multi-beam lidar and a stereo camera. The approach does not impose any restrictions on the place in which calibration should be performed. Calibration is performed using a calibration board, which is a flat rectangle with special markers. Three-dimensional correspondences are used for calibration. First, a search for the three-dimensional coordinates of the corner points of the calibration board in the coordinate systems of the stereo pair cameras as well as in the coordinate system of the lidar is made. Next, using the optimization methods, calibration parameters are calculated. The results of a series of virtual and real experiments show that the algorithm allows the calibration to be performed with an accuracy comparable to that of sensors. The proposed approach allows one to improve the calibration accuracy due to the simultaneous use of information from two cameras of the stereo pair and is suitable for lidars with both the low and high point density.