Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Flavien Armangeon, Thibaud Ehret, Enric Meinhardt-Llopis et al.

Aligning functional schematics with 2D and 3D scene acquisitions is crucial for building digital twins, especially for old industrial facilities that lack native digital models. Current manual alignment using images and LiDAR data does not scale due to tediousness and complexity of industrial sites. Inconsistencies between schematics and reality, and the scarcity of public industrial datasets, make the problem both challenging and underexplored. This paper introduces IRIS-v2, a comprehensive dataset to support further research. It includes images, point clouds, 2D annotated boxes and segmentation masks, a CAD model, 3D pipe routing information, and the P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram). The alignment is experimented on a practical case study, aiming at reducing the time required for this task by combining segmentation and graph matching.

Christophe Ponsard, Abiola Paterne Chokki, Jean-François Daune

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) play a critical role in modern industrial domains, including manufacturing, energy, transportation, and healthcare, where they enable automation, optimization, and real-time decision-making. Ensuring the robustness of these systems is paramount, as failures can have significant economic, operational, and safety consequences. This paper present findings from an industrial survey conducted in Wallonia, covering a wide range of sectors, to assess the current state of practice in CPS robustness. It investigates robustness from how it is understood and applied in relationship with requirements engineering, system design, test execution, failure modes, and available tools. It identifies key challenges and gaps between industry practices and state-of-the-art methodologies. Additionally, it compares our findings with similar industrial surveys from the literature.

Gabriela Bortz, Ayelén Gázquez

This paper explores how inclusive and environmentally focused research and innovation policies challenge dominant models by reshaping directionality and governance for social transformation. It contributes to Critical and Transformative Innovation Studies by addressing key intertwined gaps: the role of agency, the political economy of policy instruments, the politics of continuity, and its territorial grounding. Analytically, it expands a Knowledge Systems approach, promoting a broader, symmetrical view of innovation that values diverse actors, policies, infrastructures, and knowledges. It challenges competitiveness-driven assumptions by exploring how alternative normative directions are negotiated over time. Through two case studies in Argentina—Yogurito (a probiotic yogurt to address malnutrition) and the Paraná River Aquarium (focused on biodiversity conservation)—the paper traces innovation journeys as a process where multiple actors vie to steer its course. Directionality is framed as both a political process of prioritization and decision making amid competing interests and its negotiated outcome, shaped by actors’ visions, knowledge, and policy preferences. The paper also proposes a framework to empirically trace and analyze these evolving pathways. It shows how innovation is steered, which orientations take precedence, and the limits and possibilities of STI as a development driver under enduring structural constraints.

STĂNILĂ Manuel-Victoraș, PROFIROIU Constantin-Marius, BURLACU Sorin et al.

Corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is an increasingly active area of research in the international literature, amid persistent concerns about their efficiency, transparency and vulnerability to political influence. In the context of administrative reforms and pressures for performance in the public sector, understanding the theoretical and geographical evolution of studies dedicated to governance in SOEs is becoming essential for researchers and decision-makers. The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic bibliometric analysis of the academic literature published in the period 2000–2024, using the Scopus database and VOSviewer software to map scientific networks and emerging themes. The study aims to identify the dominant theories used in corporate governance research in SOEs (such as agency theory, stakeholder theory and stewardship theory), to highlight influential scientific contributions and to analyze the geographical distribution of academic production. The methodology is based on the selection and coding of over 300 relevant articles, followed by the visualization of keyword co-occurrence networks and collaborations between authors and institutions. The results indicate a constant increase in interest in this topic, but also a conceptual fragmentation and limited international collaboration. The main contribution of the research consists in providing a rigorous synthesis of the current state of the literature and in formulating future research directions, with an emphasis on comparative, cross-regional and theoretically anchored studies. The direct beneficiaries are public administration researchers, government decision-makers and practitioners involved in governance reform in public enterprises. The conclusions emphasize the need to strengthen integrated approaches and transnational collaborations to increase the scientific relevance and practical impact of future research.

Ruimin Ma, Sebastian Zudaire, Zhen Li et al.

Object 6DoF (6D) pose estimation is essential for robotic perception, especially in industrial settings. It enables robots to interact with the environment and manipulate objects. However, existing benchmarks on object 6D pose estimation primarily use everyday objects with rich textures and low-reflectivity, limiting model generalization to industrial scenarios where objects are often metallic, texture-less, and highly reflective. To address this gap, we propose a novel dataset and benchmark namely \textit{Industrial Metallic Dataset (IMD)}, tailored for industrial applications. Our dataset comprises 45 true-to-scale industrial components, captured with an RGB-D camera under natural indoor lighting and varied object arrangements to replicate real-world conditions. The benchmark supports three tasks, including video object segmentation, 6D pose tracking, and one-shot 6D pose estimation. We evaluate existing state-of-the-art models, including XMem and SAM2 for segmentation, and BundleTrack and BundleSDF for pose estimation, to assess model performance in industrial contexts. Evaluation results show that our industrial dataset is more challenging than existing household object datasets. This benchmark provides the baseline for developing and comparing segmentation and pose estimation algorithms that better generalize to industrial robotics scenarios.

Paul Koch, Marian Schlüter, Jörg Krüger

We present MVIP, a novel dataset for multi-modal and multi-view application-oriented industrial part recognition. Here we are the first to combine a calibrated RGBD multi-view dataset with additional object context such as physical properties, natural language, and super-classes. The current portfolio of available datasets offers a wide range of representations to design and benchmark related methods. In contrast to existing classification challenges, industrial recognition applications offer controlled multi-modal environments but at the same time have different problems than traditional 2D/3D classification challenges. Frequently, industrial applications must deal with a small amount or increased number of training data, visually similar parts, and varying object sizes, while requiring a robust near 100% top 5 accuracy under cost and time constraints. Current methods tackle such challenges individually, but direct adoption of these methods within industrial applications is complex and requires further research. Our main goal with MVIP is to study and push transferability of various state-of-the-art methods within related downstream tasks towards an efficient deployment of industrial classifiers. Additionally, we intend to push with MVIP research regarding several modality fusion topics, (automated) synthetic data generation, and complex data sampling -- combined in a single application-oriented benchmark.

Bo Wu

In order to explore whether environmental liability insurance has an important impact on industrial emission reduction, this paper selects provincial (city) level panel data from 2010 to 2020 and constructs a two-way fixed effect model to analyze the impact of environmental liability insurance on carbon emissions from both direct and indirect levels. The empirical analysis results show that: at the direct level, the development of environmental liability insurance has the effect of reducing industrial carbon emissions, and its effect is heterogeneous. At the indirect level, the role of environmental liability insurance is weaker in areas with developed financial industry and underdeveloped financial industry. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that in the industrial developed areas, the effect of environmental liability insurance on carbon emissions is more obvious. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of expanding the coverage of environmental liability insurance, innovating the development of environmental liability insurance and improving the level of industrialization.

Naheed Memon, Faiza Rehman, Fazal Rabbi

Pakistan and India have not yet normalized trade relations and gained the full benefits of bilateral trade despite significant developments to this end since 2011. Pakistan has yet to reciprocate the most-favored-nation status granted by India. This study investigates the benefits of trade liberalization between the two countries by studying the global competitiveness of Pakistan’s industrial sector from a policy perspective. We construct a revealed comparative advantage index for manufacturing products (HS 2-digit level) for Pakistan, India, and China for the period 2003–12, and then identify the changing patterns of comparative advantage for Pakistan. We find that 18 industries should be protected upon liberalizing trade with India. These industries are termed ‘vulnerable’ as they have moved from either borderline competitiveness to becoming uncompetitive or vice versa. Additionally, the excessive concessions granted to China in its free trade agreement with Pakistan and the resistance to opening up trade with India may have resulted in inefficient trade, i.e., imports from a less competitive partner and exports to a less lucrative market. We aim to establish a direction for further research to determine the ex ante impact of trade with India on the economy via a change in the production levels of these vulnerable industries, given the impact of free trade with China and the availability of Chinese substitutes.

B. M. Kurtiak, M. S. Romanovych, O. P. Rudenko et al.

For more than a quarter of a century, the transformation of the agro-industrial sector of the economy of Ukraine (as well as other sectors of the economy) has been taking place under market conditions. These changes directly concern both animal husbandry and the veterinary medicine industry. The ownership system, gene pool and number of animals, herd structure, breed characteristics, etc. are changing. Accordingly, the requirements for the range and quality of veterinary services are changing. Practically, our country's initial market relations stage in veterinary medicine has been completed. At present, all the necessary components of the veterinary market exist: private property; the absence of a centralized distribution and supply system; a set of existing and potential buyers (consumers); a set of competing sellers (suppliers) of veterinary goods and services. Today, the labor market for veterinary medicine specialists has also begun to operate (replacing state employment). There are many unemployed veterinary specialists. One of the essential reasons for this phenomenon is the unpreparedness of young specialists to work in market conditions. To work successfully in the market system, it is not enough to have only veterinary professional knowledge; additional knowledge of market economics, entrepreneurship, finance, legislation, management and marketing, psychology, etc., is necessary. The main direction and ultimate goal of reforming the agrarian sector of our country's economy, which directly concerns the veterinary medicine service, is to provide a complex of veterinary services to animal owners. To solve this problem, Ukraine envisages reorganizing the network of state veterinary medicine institutions so that a veterinary service point would operate in the territory of each village council and, in the future, in each large settlement. Providing veterinary services under licenses forces veterinary medicine specialists to master the basics of entrepreneurship and market laws, better organize their work, and build relationships with colleagues and animal owners following modern requirements. Some answers to these questions are highlighted in the presented article.

Li Xing

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on global trade and its transformation of trade relations between the United States and China. The outbreak of the epidemic triggered a huge restructuring of the global trade system and accelerated the trend of global trade de-globalization. As the two largest economies, the trade relationship between the United States and China plays an important role in this process. This paper analyzes the causes of deglobalization, which are mainly caused by the fracture of industrial chain, trade protection and industrial upgrading. At the same time, the paper focuses on the factors that have caused the deglobalization trend in the post-COVID-19 era, such as changing trade agreements, poor cross-border investment environment, and the challenges and uncertainties brought by e-commerce. Finally, it concentrates on the changes of the US and China bilateral trade in the post-COVID-19 era. Affected by the epidemic, the bilateral relationship between these two countries has become more conflictual and focused on technological competition. Finally, the trend against globalization has led to inefficient economic development and the regionalization of trade because of the necessity of communication.

Tomislav Duricic, Peter Müllner, Nicole Weidinger et al.

Many industrial sectors rely on well-trained employees that are able to operate complex machinery. In this work, we demonstrate an AI-powered immersive assistance system that supports users in performing complex tasks in industrial environments. Specifically, our system leverages a VR environment that resembles a juice mixer setup. This digital twin of a physical setup simulates complex industrial machinery used to mix preparations or liquids (e.g., similar to the pharmaceutical industry) and includes various containers, sensors, pumps, and flow controllers. This setup demonstrates our system's capabilities in a controlled environment while acting as a proof-of-concept for broader industrial applications. The core components of our multimodal AI assistant are a large language model and a speech-to-text model that process a video and audio recording of an expert performing the task in a VR environment. The video and speech input extracted from the expert's video enables it to provide step-by-step guidance to support users in executing complex tasks. This demonstration showcases the potential of our AI-powered assistant to reduce cognitive load, increase productivity, and enhance safety in industrial environments.

William Farlessyost, Shweta Singh

Industrial ecosystems are coupled with natural systems through utilization of feedstocks and waste disposal. To ensure resilience in production of industrial systems under the threat of climate change scenarios, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of this coupling on productivity and waste generation. In this work, we present a novel methodology for modeling and assessing the resilience of coupled natural-industrial ecosystems under climate change scenarios. We develop a computationally efficient framework that integrates liquid time-constant (LTC) neural networks as surrogate models to capture complex, nonlinear dynamics of coupled agricultural and industrial systems. The approach is demonstrated through a case study of a soybean-based biodiesel production network in Champaign County, Illinois. LTC models are trained to capture dynamics of nodes and are then coupled and driven by statistically downscaled climate projections for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios from 2006-2096. The framework enables rapid simulation of system-wide material flow dynamics and exploration of cascading effects from climate-induced disruptions. Results reveal non-linear behaviors and potential tipping points in system resilience under different climate scenarios and farm sizes. The RCP 8.5 scenario led to earlier and more frequent production failures, increased reliance on imports for smaller farms, and complex patterns of waste accumulation and stock levels. The methodology provides valuable insights into system vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities, offering decision support for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of coupled natural-industrial ecosystems in the face of climate change. The framework's adaptability suggests potential applications across various industrial ecosystems and climate-sensitive sectors

Markus Voggenreiter, Florian Angermeir, Fabiola Moyón et al.

In recent years, DevOps, the unification of development and operation workflows, has become a trend for the industrial software development lifecycle. Security activities turned into an essential field of application for DevOps principles as they are a fundamental part of secure software development in the industry. A common practice arising from this trend is the automation of security tests that analyze a software product from several perspectives. To effectively improve the security of the analyzed product, the identified security findings must be managed and looped back to the project team for stakeholders to take action. This management must cope with several challenges ranging from low data quality to a consistent prioritization of findings while following DevOps aims. To manage security findings with the same efficiency as other activities in DevOps projects, a methodology for the management of industrial security findings minding DevOps principles is essential. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the management of security findings in industrial DevOps projects, summarizing our research in this domain and presenting the resulting artifact. As an instance of the methodology, we developed the Security Flama, a semantic knowledge base for the automated management of security findings. To analyze the impact of our methodology on industrial practice, we performed a case study on two DevOps projects of a multinational industrial enterprise. The results emphasize the importance of using such an automated methodology in industrial DevOps projects, confirm our approach's usefulness and positive impact on the studied projects, and identify the communication strategy as a crucial factor for usability in practice.

Peter Dorey

Although the relationship between the Conservative Party and the trade unions has often been characterised by mutual distrust and hostility, there was a unique period, from 1945 until the early 1960s, when senior Conservatives pursued a conciliatory and constructive approach to the trade unions, and insisted that harmonious industrial relations could not be secured by punitive legislation or political diktats. Instead, the paternalistic One Nation Conservatives who dominated the Party during this time, such as Rab Butler, Joseph Godber, Ian Macleod, Harold Macmillan, and Walter Monckton, emphasised that peace in industry could only be secured by developing trust via closer co-operation, dialogue and industrial partnership. This reflected the One Nation view that industrial conflict was often a consequence of workers feeling alienated, insecure and under-valued in large-scale, and impersonal, industries, where a growing gulf between workers and managers developed, and minor grievances smouldered. It was envisaged that this consensual and conciliatory strategy would result in reduced trade union militancy, and thus fewer strikes in pursuit of inflationary wage increases. This, in turn, would reduce the pressure from right-wing Conservatives for repressive legislation against the trade unions. From the 1970s onwards, though, this cohort of conciliatory One Nation Conservatives was superseded by a new generation of Conservative MPs and Ministers who heralded an ideological transformation in the Party. Often emanating from lower middle class or petit bourgeois backgrounds, many of these newer, younger, Conservatives were self-made men and women, and saw themselves as representatives or symbols of small businesses, individual entrepreneurs, and the self-employed especially. They were openly hostile towards trade unions, believing that they and their industrial militancy were responsible for many of Britain’s economic problems, such as excessive wage increases, high inflation, low productivity, and management’s inability to take tough commercial decisions, including the introduction of new working practices and technologies, due to the likelihood that these would prompt strikes by trade unions concerned with defending jobs. The decline of the One Nation Conservatives was therefore accompanied by a much more combative and confrontational approach by the Conservative Party towards workers and trade unions since the 1970s.       

Elena V. Rochnyak

Relevance. Understanding the need to «reset» human relations with the natural world as a result of the global environmental crisis has caused the idea of environmentalism to become actual in modern humanitarian thought. Objective of the research is analysis of the philosophical foundation of the idea of environmentalism, as well as personalistic ecology as its variety. Methods: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, problem-focused comparison of theoretical concepts. Results. The study showed that the ideological foundation of ecologism is deep ecology as a project of the Norwegian philosopher and ecologist Arne Ness to transform society through a change in individual worldview. Spiritual, personalistic and transpersonal ecology can be considered as peculiar varieties of ecologism. Conclusions. Environmentalism is focused on solving global environmental problems through the internal, spiritual efforts of each person to change the basic principles of the modern industrial-information society and develop an internal need for a careful and respectful attitude towards the world.

MINA-RAIU Laura, OPREA Carmen Valentina

COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on education and the well-being of both students and teachers. The paper analyses the undergraduate students’ and academics’ perception of the online education services provided by the Faculty of Administration and Public Management (FAPM) of the Bucharest University of Economic Studies (BUES). Individual interviews and an online survey were carried out in order to reflect both the pros and cons of online learning and the determinants that significantly impact the satisfaction of the main stakeholders of the education services. Research findings reveal that despite the great challenges related to online learning, many opportunities have emerged to advance the quality of education. Thus, students and teachers agree on the fact that traditional education and online education provide both advantages and disadvantages, suggesting that, in the future, a hybrid teaching-learning system might help bring together the strengths of both approaches.

Amanda Athayde, Carolina Trevizo

Contextualização: Apesar de a Lei nº 14.470/2022 endereçar algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas no âmbito do private enforcement no direito concorrencial brasileiro, trouxe consigo novas dúvidas sobre aplicabilidade da nova lei no tempo, pois não consagrou em seu texto uma norma de direito intertemporal que regulasse essa questão. Em quais hipóteses, em que momento e como aplicar a Lei nº 14.470/2022 ou a lei antiga nas ações indenizatórias por danos concorrenciais (ARDCs) já extintas, ainda pendentes, e que ainda não foram iniciadas? A resposta a tais perguntas sobre a aplicabilidade imediata da Lei nº 14.470/2022 poderá determinar a viabilidade das ARDCs ou tornará o processo menos oneroso/mais compensatório para as vítimas. Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se dará a aplicabilidade das disposições novas da Lei nº 14.470/2022. Método: As autoras analisaram a natureza das novas normas trazidas pela Lei nº 14.470/2022, classificando-as como de direito material e processual. A partir disso, examinaram as hipóteses de aplicação dessas disposições nas ARDCs já extintas, ainda pendentes, e que ainda não foram iniciadas. Resultado: Verificou-se que as ARDCs pendentes são o foco das maiores controvérsias de aplicabilidade da Lei nº 14.470/2022, em suma, devido à incerteza sobre a existência de situação jurídica pendente, o que permitiria a aplicação da nova lei, ou de formação de ato jurídico perfeito/direito adquirido nos processos ainda em curso, obrigando a observância à lei antiga.

Vasiliki Demertzi, Stavros Demertzis, Konstantinos Demertzis

Thanks to rapid technological developments, new innovative solutions and practical applications of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are being created, upgrading the structures of many industrial enterprises. IIoT brings the physical and digital environment together with minimal human intervention and profoundly transforms the economy and modern business. Data flowing through IIoT feed artificial intelligence tools, which perform intelligent functions such as performance tuning of interconnected machines, error correction, and preventive maintenance. However, IIoT deployments are vulnerable to sophisticated security threats at various levels of the connectivity and communications infrastructure they incorporate. The complex and often heterogeneous nature of chaotic IIoT infrastructures means that availability, confidentiality and integrity are difficult to guarantee. This can lead to potential mistrust of network operations, concerns about privacy breaches or loss of vital personal data and sensitive information of network end-users. This paper examines the privacy requirements of an IIoT ecosystem in industry standards. Specifically, it describes the industry privacy dimensions of the protection of natural persons through the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties. In addition, it presents an overview of the state-of-the-art methodologies and solutions for industrial privacy threats. Finally, it analyses the privacy requirements and suggestions for an ideal secure and private IIoT environment.

Ipek Kotan Yiğit

Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South (1855) is traditionally categorized as an industrial novel. The protagonist Margaret Hale is the daughter of an Anglican clergyman living in the South of England who relocates to the industrial North with her family after her father resigns from the Church due to religious differences. There in the northern town of Milton, Margaret witnesses the new reality of an industrializing England: she sees the mill-owners and the millworkers locked in a struggle. Although class-oriented criticism of the novel often highlights its depiction of class relations between the masters and the workers, the novel is in fact equally, if not more, invested in the integration of the two contending ruling classes – the old gentry and the new bourgeoisie, and this integration is developed through Margaret’s encounter with the town of Milton and her eventual marriage to Mr. Thornton, the industrialist. Although this point has been overlooked relative to the critical focus placed on relations between the ruling class and the workers, it is nonetheless an important element of the narrative and, moreover, a distinctly Unitarian one. This integration is a Unitarian interest, less related to points of principle or doctrine but closely connected to social reality. The new ruling class emerging from the industrial towns of the North and the Midlands, among whose ranks Unitarians were over-represented, demanded access to the social capital and prestige of the old order. As such, the marriage plot in the novel is also an argument for Unitarian integration in the establishment.

Ayan Chatterjee, Bestoun S. Ahmed, Erik Hallin et al.

Today, machine learning (ML) is widely used in industry to provide the core functionality of production systems. However, it is practically always used in production systems as part of a larger end-to-end software system that is made up of several other components in addition to the ML model. Due to production demand and time constraints, automated software engineering practices are highly applicable. The increased use of automated ML software engineering practices in industries such as manufacturing and utilities requires an automated Quality Assurance (QA) approach as an integral part of ML software. Here, QA helps reduce risk by offering an objective perspective on the software task. Although conventional software engineering has automated tools for QA data analysis for data-driven ML, the use of QA practices for ML in operation (MLOps) is lacking. This paper examines the QA challenges that arise in industrial MLOps and conceptualizes modular strategies to deal with data integrity and Data Quality (DQ). The paper is accompanied by real industrial use-cases from industrial partners. The paper also presents several challenges that may serve as a basis for future studies.