Abstract Digitization and intelligentization of manufacturing process is the need for today’s industry. The manufacturing industries are currently changing from mass production to customized production. The rapid advancements in manufacturing technologies and applications in the industries help in increasing productivity. The term Industry 4.0 stands for the fourth industrial revolution which is defined as a new level of organization and control over the entire value chain of the life cycle of products; it is geared towards increasingly individualized customer requirements. Industry 4.0 is still visionary but a realistic concept which includes Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Smart Manufacturing and Cloud based Manufacturing. Industry 4.0 concerns the strict integration of human in the manufacturing process so as to have continuous improvement and focus on value adding activities and avoiding wastes. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Industry 4.0 and understanding of the nine pillars of Industry 4.0 with its applications and identifying the challenges and issues occurring with implementation the Industry 4.0 and to study the new trends and streams related to Industry 4.0.
Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to advanced biofuels and other commodities through a sugar-platform process involves a pretreatment step enhancing the susceptibility of the cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis. A side effect of pretreatment is formation of lignocellulose-derived by-products that inhibit microbial and enzymatic biocatalysts. This review provides an overview of the formation of inhibitory by-products from lignocellulosic feedstocks as a consequence of using different pretreatment methods and feedstocks as well as an overview of different strategies used to alleviate problems with inhibitors. As technologies for biorefining of lignocellulose become mature and are transferred from laboratory environments to industrial contexts, the importance of management of inhibition problems is envisaged to increase as issues that become increasingly relevant will include the possibility to use recalcitrant feedstocks, obtaining high product yields and high productivity, minimizing the charges of enzymes and microorganisms, and using high solids loadings to obtain high product titers.
Additive manufacturing is a technology rapidly expanding on a number of industrial sectors. It provides design freedom and environmental/ecological advantages. It transforms essentially design files to fully functional products. However, it is still hampered by low productivity, poor quality and uncertainty of final part mechanical properties. The root cause of undesired effects lies in the control aspects of the process. Optimization is difficult due to limited modelling approaches. Physical phenomena associated with additive manufacturing processes are complex, including melting/solidification and vaporization, heat and mass transfer etc. The goal of the current study is to map available additive manufacturing methods based on their process mechanisms, review modelling approaches based on modelling methods and identify research gaps. Later sections of the study review implications for closed-loop control of the process.
Abstract The global industrial landscape has changed deeply in the last few years due to successive technological developments and innovations in manufacturing processes. The Industry 4.0 concept has emerged and the academic literature has paid an increased attention to this topic, which remains non-consensual or ill defined. In this research, a literature review is made to understand this concept in its technological dimension, and to comprehend its impacts. This new industrial paradigm brings together the digital and physical worlds through the Cyber-Physical Systems enhanced by Internet of Things and it is expected that this novel has consequences on industry, markets and economy, improving production processes and increasing productivity, affecting the whole product lifecycle, creating new business models, changing the work environment and restructuring the labor market. Therefore, this paper focuses on Industry 4.0 concept and contributes for its clarification and further understanding about the importance and implications of this complex technological system.
The three previous industrial revolutions profoundly transformed agriculture industry from indigenous farming to mechanized farming and recent precision agriculture. Industrial farming paradigm greatly improves productivity, but a number of challenges have gradually emerged, which have exacerbated in recent years. Industry 4.0 is expected to reshape the agriculture industry once again and promote the fourth agricultural revolution. In this article, first, we review the current status of industrial agriculture along with lessons learned from industrialized agricultural production patterns, industrialized agricultural production processes, and the industrialized agri-food supply chain. Furthermore, five emerging technologies, namely the Internet of Things, robotics, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and blockchain, toward Agriculture 4.0 are discussed. Specifically, we focus on the key applications of these emerging technologies in the agricultural sector and corresponding research challenges. This article aims to open up new research opportunities for readers, particularly industrial practitioners.
Rafael Stefani, Rodrigo Daniel Feix, Joana Colussi
The significant growth of Brazilian agribusiness has contributed to spreading a collective perception that Brazil produces with high levels of efficiency and has a competitive advantage in a wide range of sophisticated products. But is this image an accurate representation of Brazilian agribusiness in an international context? To answer this question and to analyze the sources of agricultural productivity differences between countries, was adopted the economic complexity approach. The results indicated that, despite all the scale, the complexity of Brazilian agribusiness products is at an intermediate stage, far from the countries with the highest value added per worker in agriculture. In addition, as suggested by theory, we found a positive association between labor productivity in agriculture and the agribusiness complexity up to the year 2012, when the signal reverses—possibly owing to the greater importance of south-south agricultural flows and the protectionist movements in the post international crisis period. In conclusion, even though Brazilian agro can be qualified as pop, it does not seem appropriate to define it as high tech, especially if the reference is to the labor productivity and product complexity of leading countries. The construction of complexity in agribusiness goes beyond the boundaries of traditional agricultural development policies. Industrial policies aimed at building complexity need to be comprehensive enough to identify key products and the fundamental capabilities for their successful market performance. This applies to products and industrial sectors as well as to agribusiness.
Omega-3 fatty acids are in high demand due to their efficacy in treating hypertriglyceridemia and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, the growth of the industry is hampered by low purity and insufficient productivity. This study aims to develop an efficient RP-MPLC purification method for omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters with high purity and capacity. The results indicate that the AQ-C18 featuring polar end-capped silanol groups outperformed C18 and others in retention time and impurity separation. By injecting pure fish oil esters with a volume equivalent to a 1.25% bed volume on an AQ-C18 MPLC column using a binary isocratic methanol–water (90:10, <i>v</i>:<i>v</i>) mobile phase at 30 mL/min, optimal omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters were obtained, with the notable purity of 90.34% and a recovery rate of 74.30%. The total content of EPA and DHA produced increased from 67.91% to 85.27%, meeting the acceptance criteria of no less than 84% set by the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. In contrast, RP-MPLC significantly enhanced the production efficiency per unit output compared to RP-HPLC. This study demonstrates a pioneering approach to producing omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters with high purity and of greater quantity using AQ-C18 RP-MPLC, showing this method’s significant potential for use in industrial-scale manufacturing.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have become a vital factor for national competitiveness and firms and companies, and the world is increasingly moving towards a knowledge-based economy. Innovation and technological changes are strongly influenced by the country/place where they occur. The main purpose of this study is to present the framework of SME innovation strategy with the approach of the fourth generation industry in Iran, which has been done using the GT method i.e a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods. The research population includes small and medium businesses and industrial townships in Tehran. The method of data collection in the qualitative part is the interview and in the quantitative part a questionnaire. The findings show that the innovation strategy framework in SME in the fourth industrial revolution is one of the causal factors with 5 components including small and medium businesses, organization maturity model, digitization, rules and regulations and innovation strategy. The results consist of 8 sub-components, which can be enumerated as market development, increasing exports, increasing productivity, creating added value, improving financial credits, training work managers, entrepreneurship and finally creating employment. The results show that the program factors have an effect on the facilitating factors; the causal factors on the innovation framework; the informational factors on the obstacles; supervisory and control factors on facilitating factors; barriers on the innovation framework; ; Financial resources have an effect on obstacles, consequences on innovation framework and structural factors on obstacles in small and medium enterprises. In our country, despite the fact that more than 59% of all production units are included in the EMS small and medium industries group, these companies have not gained a significant share in the national gross product and creating added value and are suffering from severe shortages. While small and medium-sized companies can move away from the traditional focus on the product and take steps in the development of product innovation by using the fourth generation industry and new technology, creating a strategy and coming up with new products and services will create more added value; The formulation of the strategy for any organization calls for an innovative point of view .
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