Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Dexiang Li, Zhenning Che, Haijun Zhang et al.

Pavement condition assessment is essential for road safety and maintenance. Existing research has made significant progress. However, most studies focus on conventional computer vision tasks such as classification, detection, and segmentation. In real-world applications, pavement inspection requires more than visual recognition. It also requires quantitative analysis, explanation, and interactive decision support. Current datasets are limited. They focus on unimodal perception. They lack support for multi-turn interaction and fact-grounded reasoning. They also do not connect perception with vision-language analysis. To address these limitations, we introduce PaveBench, a large-scale benchmark for pavement distress perception and interactive vision-language analysis on real-world highway inspection images. PaveBench supports four core tasks: classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and vision-language question answering. It provides unified task definitions and evaluation protocols. On the visual side, PaveBench provides large-scale annotations and includes a curated hard-distractor subset for robustness evaluation. It contains a large collection of real-world pavement images. On the multimodal side, we introduce PaveVQA, a real-image question answering (QA) dataset that supports single-turn, multi-turn, and expert-corrected interactions. It covers recognition, localization, quantitative estimation, and maintenance reasoning. We evaluate several state-of-the-art methods and provide a detailed analysis. We also present a simple and effective agent-augmented visual question answering framework that integrates domain-specific models as tools alongside vision-language models. The dataset is available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MML-Group/PaveBench.

Agnieszka Krakos

Abstract: In the paper, the analysis of the current interest in the miniaturization of the space instruments, especially for the biomedical research has been shown. The review shows lab-on- a-chip devices which have been applied in the studies performed both on ISS, as well as on nanosatellites boards. Special attention has been paid to NASA and ESA programs (e.g. Tissue chips), nevertheless other scientific and commercial initiatives have also been presented. As the ground-based research utilizing simulated microgravity instruments constitutes a significant step prior to the missions, this issue has also been described. The paper ends with the conclusion regarding NASA and ESA roadmaps and further trends on miniaturization of space analytical instruments. Keywords: Lab-on-a-chip; Microfluidics; Space biology; Microgravitional medicine; Biological nanosatellite

Ziming Liu, Shi Dong, Kun Xi et al.

The use of hot recycled asphalt mixture (HRAM) allows for a reduction in the depletion of non-renewable resources and presents environmental benefits. However, concerns arise regarding the performance of HRAM due to the lower degree of blending (DOB) of virgin and aged asphalt (V&A asphalt). This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review on the DOB of V&A asphalt in HRAM. Initially, the paper introduces the DOB of V&A asphalt, followed by an analysis of the blending theory, evaluation methods, and influencing factors of DOB. Subsequently, the effect of DOB on the performance of HRAM is investigated, and molecular dynamic simulation is utilized to analyze the blend of V&A asphalt. Finally, methods for improving DOB are summarized. It was found that the use of high-resolution microscopy with tracer methods such as SEM/EDS was an effective way to characterize DOB. Furthermore, the chemical composition and colloid structure between virgin and aged asphalt are crucial to DOB. Additionally, improving DOB by utilizing the coupling effect of time and temperature during transportation, paving, and compaction stages is promising. Future research should focus on standardizing test methods, refining field simulation models, and developing intelligent construction technologies to achieve more efficient and durable blending. This review provides theoretical guidance and practical references for improving the DOB of V&A asphalt and promoting sustainable pavement construction.

Anupama Jawale, Amiya Kumar Tripathy

This study aims to explore the feasibility of conducting supervised classification of road barriers in a practical context through the utilization of diverse data collection methods. These methods encompass accelerometer, ultrasonic, GPS, and real-time clock sensors, which collectively contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. This study primarily focuses on the highways of India, along with urban and semi-urban areas, as its central subject of investigation. In order to facilitate the collection of data from these sensors, a mobile application referred to as DC has been meticulously developed. In this study, the data collected from the sensors undergo a transformation process to create a fuzzy dataset. This is achieved through the application of min-max normalization followed by fuzzification techniques. A variety of methodologies for measuring distance have been established, each aimed at achieving optimal classification outcomes. One of the primary objectives is to establish comprehensive standards for assessing the condition of roadways, considering a multitude of factors, including the overall length of the road and the extent of any damage present. This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of all distance metrics employed for the classification of road impediments. The findings reveal promising results regarding accuracy, demonstrating an approximate range between 98% and 99%. Furthermore, to facilitate the observation of outcomes in real time, a visualization tool is currently under development. This tool aims to display road obstructions on maps, enhancing the user's ability to navigate and understand the current traffic conditions effectively.

Saif Alarifi, Khalid Alkahtani

This study examines the safety and cost-effectiveness of implementing shoulder rumble strips (SRS) and road lighting on Saudi Arabian freeways, providing insights into their roles in fostering sustainable transport systems. By leveraging the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) framework, this research develops localized Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) for these interventions, ensuring evidence-based and context-specific evaluations. Data were collected for two periods—pre-pandemic (2017–2019) and post-pandemic (2021–2022). For each period, we obtained traffic crash records from the Saudi Highway Patrol database, traffic volume data from the Ministry of Transport and Logistic Services’ automated count stations, and roadway characteristics and pavement-condition metrics from the National Road Safety Center. The findings reveal that SRS reduces fatal and injury run-off-road crashes by 52.7% (CMF = 0.473) with a benefit–cost ratio of 14.12, highlighting their high cost-effectiveness. Road lighting, focused on nighttime crash reduction, decreases such crashes by 24% (CMF = 0.760), with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.25, although the adoption of solar-powered lighting systems offers potential for greater sustainability gains and a higher benefit–cost ratio. These interventions align with global sustainability goals by enhancing road safety, reducing the socio-economic burden of crashes, and promoting the integration of green technologies. This study not only provides actionable insights for achieving KSA Vision 2030’s target of improved road safety but also demonstrates how engineering solutions can be harmonized with sustainability objectives to advance equitable, efficient, and environmentally responsible transportation systems.

J. R. Oluremi

Abstract. Crude oil contamination has been proven to adversely alter soil's geotechnical properties, which normally renders it unsuitable for use as road construction materials. Although researchers have extensively studied various ways of remediating and improving the properties of crude oil-contaminated soils (COCS), the differing results still make it a subject of interest. This study investigated the performance evaluation of the effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) activated with a mixture of Sodium silicate and Sodium hydroxide on the strength of crude oil-contaminated soil (COCS) at different percentages by weight for safe reuse in highway construction applications. Particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, strength characteristics and microstructural and elemental study of crude oil contaminated soil obtained from Baranyowa Dere village of Ogoni land, Gokana Local Government Area, River State, Nigeria, and admixed with alkaline activated slag was studied. The interaction between COCS - GGBFS – Activator (NaOH+Na2SiO3) led to the reduction in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increase in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the samples. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) also increased for soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively. The percentage of silica in the admixtures reduced with increasing percentage of the additives. It was concluded that the use of alkaline-activated GGBFS is a promising stabilizer for improving the COCS's engineering properties for use in highway pavement construction.

Anatoly A. Krasnovsky

Chaos engineering reveals resilience risks but is expensive and operationally risky to run broadly and often. Model-based analyses can estimate dependability, yet in practice they are tricky to build and keep current because models are typically handcrafted. We claim that a simple connectivity-only topological model - just the service-dependency graph plus replica counts - can provide fast, low-risk availability estimates under fail-stop faults. To make this claim practical without hand-built models, we introduce model discovery: an automated step that can run in CI/CD or as an observability-platform capability, synthesizing an explicit, analyzable model from artifacts teams already have (e.g., distributed traces, service-mesh telemetry, configs/manifests) - providing an accessible gateway for teams to begin resilience testing. As a proof by instance on the DeathStarBench Social Network, we extract the dependency graph from Jaeger and estimate availability across two deployment modes and five failure rates. The discovered model closely tracks live fault-injection results; with replication, median error at mid-range failure rates is near zero, while no-replication shows signed biases consistent with excluded mechanisms. These results create two opportunities: first, to triage and reduce the scope of expensive chaos experiments in advance, and second, to generate real-time signals on the system's resilience posture as its topology evolves, preserving live validation for the most critical or ambiguous scenarios.

Bingjie Lu, Zhengyang Lu, Yijiashun Qi et al.

Pavement skid resistance is of vital importance for road safety. The objective of this study is to propose and validate a texture-based image indicator to predict pavement friction. This index enables pavement friction to be measured easily and inexpensively using digital images. Three different types of asphalt surfaces (dense-graded asphalt mix, open-grade friction course, and chip seal) were evaluated subject to various tire polishing cycles. Images were taken with corresponding friction measured using Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) in the laboratory. The aggregate protrusion area is proposed as the indicator. Statistical models are established for each asphalt surface type to correlate the proposed indicator with friction coefficients. The results show that the adjusted R-square values of all relationships are above 0.90. Compared to other image-based indicators in the literature, the proposed image indicator more accurately reflects the changes in pavement friction with the number of polishing cycles, proving its cost-effective use for considering pavement friction in mix design stage.

Guorui Xie, Wei Guan, L. Shan et al.

: Structural mechanical response data is an important indicator of road service performance, which can effectively reflect the internal state of road structures. It has significant research significance in the field of road engineering. Particularly, it is challenging to acquire continuous and stable long-term actual vehicle load response data through conventional research methods both at home and abroad. This dataset includes the continuous real vehicle loading response data from semi-rigid structural sections of the Beijing Dadushe Highway Long Term Performance Scientific Observation and Research Station from 2017 to 2018. The data in the dataset is collected using specialized equipment by dedicated personnel responsible for collection, organization, and storage, with stringent measures in place to guarantee its quality, including sampling check and redundant storage. It can provide basic data for the mechanical calculation of asphalt pavement structure, the assessment of asphalt pavement performance, and the establishment of asphalt pavement design models.

Yingxin Zhou, Zhiqing Li, Peng Zhang et al.

Microbial geoengineering technology, as a new eco-friendly rock and soil improvement and reinforcement technology, has a wide application prospect. However, this technology still has many deficiencies and is difficult to achieve efficient curing, which has become the bottleneck of large-scale field application. This paper reviews the research status, hot spots, difficulties and future development direction microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. The principle of solidification and the physical and mechanical properties of improved rock and soil are systematically summarized. The solidification efficiency is mainly affected by the reactant itself and the external environment. At present, the MICP technology has been preliminarily applied in the fields of soil solidification, crack repair, anti-seepage treatment, pollution repair and microbial cement. However, the technology is currently mainly limited to the laboratory level due to the difficulty of homogeneous mineralization, uneconomical reactants, short microbial activity period and large environmental interference, incidental toxicity of metabolites and poor field application. Future directions include improving the uniformity of mineralization by improving grouting methods, improving urease persistence by improving urease activity, and improving the adaptability of bacteria to the environment by optimizing bacterial species. Finally, the authors point out the economic advantages of combining soybean peptone, soybean meal and cottonseed as carbon source with phosphogypsum as calcium source to induce CaCO3.

Sari Anton, Dyah Indriana Kusumastuti

Salah satu inisiatif penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan vokasi adalah pembangunan ruang praktik siswa di SMKN 9 Bandar Lampung, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan fasilitas dan meningkatkan lingkungan belajar siswa. Evaluasi kinerja yang akurat, mengoptimalkan sumber daya dan memastikan penyelesaian tepat waktu dan sesuai anggaran adalah kunci keberhasilan. Metode kurva S dan metode nilai perolehan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja proyek karena keduanya dapat memberikan analisis kinerja, biaya, dan waktu yang menyeluruh secara bersamaan. Nilai rencana, nilai aktual, biaya aktual, varian rencana, varian biaya, indeks aktual rencana, dan indeks kinerja biaya adalah parameter utama yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menilai kemajuan proyek berdasarkan biaya dan waktu serta efisiensi pelaksanaannya. Kegiatan konstruksi dan penyediaan fasilitas pendukung adalah bagian dari proyek, dengan fokus pada pemenuhan jadwal dan anggaran. Salah satu asumsi yang digunakan adalah stabilitas harga material dan tenaga kerja Namun, keterbatasan penelitian termasuk kurangnya data dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi kinerja. Sebagai hasil dari analisis, proyek pembangunan ruang praktik siswa di SMKN 9 Bandar Lampung telah berjalan sesuai rencana dan tim telah memiliki kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan beberapa bagian proyek lebih cepat dari yang direncanakan. Studi ini sangat membantu manajemen proyek konstruksi, terutama dalam hal evaluasi dan optimalisasi kinerja dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis biaya dan waktu. Diharapkan temuan ini akan menjadi pedoman untuk manajemen proyek pendidikan serupa, meminimalkan biaya dan keterlambatan jadwal, dan membantu meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia.

Liu Lang, Xia Yongqing, Xu Manfei

Truck presence on bridges is random. Trucks may centrically or eccentrically appear on a bridge span in one or more lanes, which will cause extra load effects on girder components and eventually influence structural performance. Especially when trucks are heavily loaded, their eccentric passage is possible to induce damage in components, and, thus, the prescribed load- delivery path will be changed among components within the system. Therefore, component- and system-level structural performance of bridges subjected to aggressive vehicular overloads need to be thoroughly addressed. In this study, a WIM-based 5-axle overloaded truck model is chosen, and it is gradually applied to the finite element models of two girder bridges with different eccentric distance, considering two loading scenarios of single truck and multiple trucks. In detail, trucks are transversely loaded with an incremental eccentric distance, to investigate the impacts of eccentric loadings on structural performance, including failure sequences of components, load distribution factors among components, as well as system redundancy, as structures entering nonlinear stage. Finally, the reliability indices of the two bridges under uneven overloads are assessed at the component level and system level, respectively. The results of this study were beneficial to structural evaluation bridges subjected to overloads to ensure their serviceability and integrity.

Lea B. Bronuela-Ambrocio, Jamie Alea, B. Ramos et al.

—The pavement performance indices were developed to address the challenge of quantifying the condition or performance of existing road networks. They are crucial to national resource programming and prioritization in asset preservation. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is one of these metrics measured by observing the surface road defects of a road network. This index is referred to as the Visual Condition Index (VCI) in the Philippines and is being conducted by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). It was adopted from New South Wales, Australia, and was localized to indicate the surface condition of the national roads. Currently, the documented process of localizing the index cannot be traced. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the suitability of the localized version of VCI to the Philippines by developing and comparing it to a new rating condition based on the insights and proficiency of the local road practitioners and specialists representing all the District Engineering Offices (DEOs) of the DPWH in the Philippines. This new rating condition was developed by conducting an online survey that simulated road networks selected from historical data. On-site images of the selected roads were captured and used in the online survey evaluated by the practitioners and specialists. Correlation of the results using multiple regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analyses were employed to formulate a new PCI. The comparison between the new asphalt and concrete pavement PCI models and the current VCI employed yield coefficient of determination values of 0.78 and 0.75, respectively. These findings suggest that the formulated PCI effectively reflects the VCI and confirms that it is tailored to the local condition.

T. Ramadhan, S. Mayuni, Sumiyattinah Sumiyattinah

Highways are infrastructure for road users to move places smoothly and safely. Generally, the problem of highways is in the form of damaged and potholed highways. An innovation emerged to add crumb rubber to the asphalt mixture and is expected to improve the quality of the asphalt. Crumb rubber is a semi-finished material that comes from the recycling of used tire rubber. In this study, crumb rubber was used as an additive to the AC - BC (Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course) asphalt mixture. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of adding crumb rubber to the AC - BC asphalt mixture which refers to the 2018 Revision 2 Bina Marga Specification.The research method used was the experimental method. The implementation of this research was carried out at the Highway Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The data obtained are data from marshall testing results in the form of stability, flow, marshall quotient, VIM, VMA, and VFB. The coarse aggregate used consisted of stone 1-1 and stone 05 from Peniraman, Mempawah Regency. The fine aggregates used were sand from Pontianak and stone ash from PT Sema. The asphalt used is asphalt pen. 60/70.The test specimens were made with 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7% asphalt variations. The optimum asphalt content obtained is 6.1%—furthermore, the manufacture of test objects with the addition of crumb rubber at the optimum asphalt content. The levels of crumb rubber variations used were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. Variations of crumb rubber content 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% meet the requirements of the marshall parameters. The highest stability value is found in the 4% crumb rubber variation of 948.48 kg. There was an increase in stability of 5.07% and an increase in flow of 16.30% when compared to asphalt mixtures without crumb rubber.Therefore, the addition of crumb rubber in the asphalt mixture (AC - BC) has an influence in improving marshall parameters even though it is not significant. Suggestions for further research can be carried out on other types of pavement.

Yuhui Wang, Weida Li, Francesco Faccio et al.

Value iteration networks (VINs) enable end-to-end learning for planning tasks by employing a differentiable "planning module" that approximates the value iteration algorithm. However, long-term planning remains a challenge because training very deep VINs is difficult. To address this problem, we embed highway value iteration -- a recent algorithm designed to facilitate long-term credit assignment -- into the structure of VINs. This improvement augments the "planning module" of the VIN with three additional components: 1) an "aggregate gate," which constructs skip connections to improve information flow across many layers; 2) an "exploration module," crafted to increase the diversity of information and gradient flow in spatial dimensions; 3) a "filter gate" designed to ensure safe exploration. The resulting novel highway VIN can be trained effectively with hundreds of layers using standard backpropagation. In long-term planning tasks requiring hundreds of planning steps, deep highway VINs outperform both traditional VINs and several advanced, very deep NNs.

Oliver Karras

In the last two decades, several researchers provided snapshots of the "current" state and evolution of empirical research in requirements engineering (RE) through literature reviews. However, these literature reviews were not sustainable, as none built on or updated previous works due to the unavailability of the extracted and analyzed data. KG-EmpiRE is a Knowledge Graph (KG) of empirical research in RE based on scientific data extracted from currently 680 papers published in the IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (1994-2022). KG-EmpiRE is maintained in the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), making all data openly and long-term available according to the FAIR data principles. Our long-term goal is to constantly maintain KG-EmpiRE with the research community to synthesize a comprehensive, up-to-date, and long-term available overview of the state and evolution of empirical research in RE. Besides KG-EmpiRE, we provide its analysis with all supplementary materials in a repository. This repository contains all files with instructions for replicating and (re-)using the analysis locally or via executable environments and for repeating the research approach. Since its first release based on 199 papers (2014-2022), KG-EmpiRE and its analysis have been updated twice, currently covering over 650 papers. KG-EmpiRE and its analysis demonstrate how innovative infrastructures, such as the ORKG, can be leveraged to make data from literature reviews FAIR, openly available, and maintainable for the research community in the long term. In this way, we can enable replicable, (re-)usable, and thus sustainable literature reviews to ensure the quality, reliability, and timeliness of their research results.

Mehrdad Sabetzadeh, Chetan Arora

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is now a cornerstone of requirements automation. One compelling factor behind the growing adoption of NLP in Requirements Engineering (RE) is the prevalent use of natural language (NL) for specifying requirements in industry. NLP techniques are commonly used for automatically classifying requirements, extracting important information, e.g., domain models and glossary terms, and performing quality assurance tasks, such as ambiguity handling and completeness checking. With so many different NLP solution strategies available and the possibility of applying machine learning alongside, it can be challenging to choose the right strategy for a specific RE task and to evaluate the resulting solution in an empirically rigorous manner. In this chapter, we present guidelines for the selection of NLP techniques as well as for their evaluation in the context of RE. In particular, we discuss how to choose among different strategies such as traditional NLP, feature-based machine learning, and language-model-based methods. Our ultimate hope for this chapter is to serve as a stepping stone, assisting newcomers to NLP4RE in quickly initiating themselves into the NLP technologies most pertinent to the RE field.

A. Al-Sabaeei, M. Napiah, M. Sutanto et al.

Abstract From the perspective of highway engineering, bio-asphalt binders have economic, social and environmental benefits and, therefore, can be partially substituted for petroleum-based asphalt binders. A typical raw material for producing bio-asphalt binder used as a renewable energy source is commonly called a biomaterial. Examples of these biomaterials are swine manure and waste cooking oil, as well as castor, sunflower, cotton, linseed and soybean oils. The aim of this review was to survey research efforts on bio-asphalt binder technology for flexible road applications, map the research view from the literature into a coherent and systematic taxonomy and determine the motivations behind using biomaterials in road applications. Meanwhile, an extensive taxonomy was developed based on the literature reviewed and analysed in terms of pure bio-asphalt binder, biomaterials with warm mix asphalt, biomaterials with reclaimed asphalt pavement and biomaterials with capsulation technology. Moreover, critical rheological characteristics and their performance characteristics in bio-asphalt mixture applications were reviewed. The current review concluded that most of the biomaterials can improve the low-temperature rheological properties, but at the same time affect the high-temperature rheological properties. The ageing of most bio-asphalt binders was also found to have a negative effect on the performance of bio-asphalt based on feedback sources and the resulting by-products, which cause unstable physiochemical and morphological behaviours. The fatigue performance of most of the bio-asphalt mixtures was positively enhanced, whereas rutting and moisture resistance were negatively affected. Overall, the different types of bio-asphalt binders possess properties that are either positive or negative. Future research is recommended to mitigate the ageing properties of bio-asphalt binders. The environmental impact and life-cycle assessment of bio-asphalt and traditional petroleum-based asphalt binders must be compared. Determining the optimum biomaterials to be used in pavement applications without compromising performance is an interesting task. This systematic review is expected to contribute to understanding of available gaps and options for other interested researchers to participate in this line of research.

Tejas Khirid, Prajwal Kangude, Shraddha Kedari

Abstract: Road pavement plays important role on a highway road the primary junction of pavement is to transmit loads to the sub-base and underlying soil. There are mainly two types of pavement provided i.e. Rigid and Flexible pavement. However Rigid pavements have high flexural rigidity due to concrete slab and hence the pavement structure defects very little under loading , due to high modulus of elasticity of their surface course. In this project we selected study patch of 2km in the package 4 of Pune-Satara highway of rigid pavement by using “construction by slip form paver” equipment. However, the rigid pavement construction by using slip form paver gives smooth road surface and also it reduces labor workmanship. It also reduces time limit for road pavement construction and provide a durable road pavement.

K. Yin

Many asphalt pavements fail structurally after having performed well for some years. In China, when low volume of traffic highway is recycled, the asphalt surface course and the base course stabilized by inorganic stabilizers are sometimes recycled and mixed together to form a new base. Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime or Portland cement-fly ash is added to improve the strength of the new base, but they are not used at the same time, so it is difficult for a road engineer to select an effective and economical stabilizer. To evaluate the effect and economical efficiency of different stabilizers comprehensively, this paper used Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime and Portland cement-fly ash to form four kinds of cold recycled mixtures and every kind of cold recycled mixture has 3 mix proportions. The unconfined compression strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting strength, compression resilient modulus, shrinkage performance, water stability performance, fatigue failure and engineering cost of 12 cold recycled mixtures were compared. Finally, the Portland cement-fly ash stabilized mixture with proportion of 5:15:80 was recommended.