Hasil untuk "Gynecology and obstetrics"

Annika Delucchi, Vincenzo Di Paola, Andreas Müller et al.

Although strain-based models have been widely adopted in robotics, no comparison beyond the uniform bending test is commonly recognized to assess their performance. In addition, the increasing effort in prototyping continuum robots highlights the need to assess the applicability of these models and the necessity of comprehensive performance evaluation. To address this gap, this work investigates the shape reconstruction abilities of a third-order strain interpolation method, examining its ability to capture both individual and combined deformation effects. These results are compared and discussed against the Geometric-Variable Strain approach. Subsequently, simulation results are experimentally verified by reshaping a slender rod while recording the resulting configurations using cameras. The rod configuration is imposed using a manipulator displacing one of its tips and extracted through reflective markers, without the aid of any other external sensor -- i.e. strain gauges or wrench sensors placed along the rod. The experiments demonstrate good agreement between the model predictions and observed shapes, with average error of 0.58% of the rod length and average computational time of 0.32s per configuration, outperforming existing models.

Yubing Wang, Melika Malek

Abstract This review paper investigated existing literature on the relationship between physical activity, exercise, and gynecological cancers, focusing on ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate an inverse association between physical activity levels and the risk of developing gynecological cancers, as well as improved survival outcomes among cancer survivors engaging in regular exercise. Mechanistic insights suggest that physical activity and exercise may modulate key pathways involved in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and treatment response, offering promising avenues for preventive and adjunctive therapeutic interventions. However, despite a growing body of research in exercise oncology, there is a lack of disease-specific synthesis addressing how exercise can be tailored to the distinct pathophysiological, treatment-related, and psychosocial challenges of gynecological cancers. Current guidelines often generalize exercise recommendations across all cancer types, overlooking the unique symptom burdens, such as pelvic floor dysfunction, sarcopenia, and menopausal symptoms, specific to gynecologic malignancies. This review addresses this gap by examining the evidence base for exercise in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers, with an emphasis on mechanistic, clinical, and rehabilitative dimensions. By integrating epidemiological findings with preclinical and intervention data, this work aims to establish a gynecologic-specific framework for exercise prescription. This review underscores the importance of multidisciplinary research efforts to optimize lifestyle interventions, inform evidence-based guidelines, and improve outcomes for individuals affected by gynecological cancers.

Lindy M. Reynolds, Rebecca Arend, Russell L. Griffin

Background/Objectives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic contraceptive that can be used orally or as a once-every-three-month injection (i.e., depot MPA [dMPA]). Prior research has reported an increased association between dMPA and cerebral meningioma but has been limited in generalizability to meningioma cases treated with surgery or cases derived from an administrative database of commercial insurance enrollees. The current study builds upon prior research by examining the association among public insurance enrollees utilizing both a non-active and active comparator. Methods: Utilizing Alabama Medicaid data, cases of cerebral meningioma were matched to up to ten controls based on age and year of Medicaid enrollment. A conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between MPA and dMPA exposure and cerebral meningioma were compared to both an active and non-active comparator. Results: Among 469 cases and 4690 matched controls, there was no association between oral MPA and cerebral meningioma. Associations for dMPA exposure were similar when using a non-active (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.16–3.00) or active comparator (OR 1.93, 95% CI 01.01–3.69). These associations were strongest for prolonged exposure compared to a non-active (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.88–7.68) and active comparator (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.09–12.29). Conclusion: The current results are consistent with the prior literature that dMPA exposure is associated with an increased likelihood of meningioma for prolonged use. More research is needed to examine whether the association is limited to a certain histology or grade of meningioma. Clinicians should consider discussing with patients these reported associations prior to using dMPA.

John Lugata, Kristen Riley, Laetitia Makower et al.

ABSTRACT Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is an extremely rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the ovary characterized by the replacement of normal ovarian tissue with lipid‐laden macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. When the genital tract is involved, this most commonly affects the endometrium, whereas ovarian and fallopian tube involvement is rare. It is often misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, which can mimic neoplastic or infectious pathologies. This case report highlights a rare presentation in a pediatric patient and emphasizes the diagnostic challenges encountered, especially in low‐resource settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of its kind in Tanzania. We report a rare case of an 8‐year‐old girl who presented to our specialty hospital in Northern Tanzania with a history of progressive abdominal distension for 8 months. An abdominal CT scan with contrast revealed a large, heterogeneous, enhancing retroperitoneal mass with central necrosis, measuring 13 × 13 × 10 cm. The mass displaced the intestines superolaterally, compressed the urinary bladder inferiorly, and displaced the ureters laterally, resulting in bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. It abutted the bilateral iliac arteries and compressed the sigmoid colon. Multiple enlarged para‐aortic, periportal, and mesorectal lymph nodes were visualized, the largest measuring 2 × 2 cm. There was minimal free intraperitoneal fluid, and a CT scan of the chest with contrast revealed two micronodules in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung. Radiological findings were suggestive of a retroperitoneal tumor with pulmonary metastases. Based on clinical and radiological findings, a working diagnosis of Neuroblastoma was made. The patient was initiated on a standard Neuroblastoma chemotherapy protocol and received three cycles, which resulted in a significant reduction in tumor size. Subsequently, she underwent an exploratory laparotomy, during which a left salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged in stable condition. The final histopathological report showed xanthogranulomatous salpingo‐oophoritis, thus excluding the initial diagnosis of malignancy.

Juan Felipe Huan Lew-Yee, Ion Mitxelena, Jorge M. del Campo et al.

In this work, we present the second version of the Donostia Natural Orbital Functional Software, an open-source program for natural orbital functional calculations. The new release incorporates improved optimization algorithms, capabilities for excited-state computations, support for ab initio molecular dynamics, and integration with the libcint library. DoNOF 2.0 also extends its property toolbox by enabling the evaluation of nonlinear optical responses, including static polarizabilities and higher-order hyperpolarizabilities via a finite-field Romberg-Richardson scheme. Program Summary [Title: DoNOF; Developer's repository link: http://github.com/DoNOF/; Program's Manual link: https://donof.readthedocs.io/; Licensing provisions: GPLv3; Programming language: Fortran; additional implementations available in Python (PyNOF) and Julia (DoNOF.jl); Multinode capability: Support for distributed execution through a hybrid OpenMPI and OpenMP implementation]

Anggraini Dyah Setiyarini, Ellatyas Rahmawati Tejo Putri, Dwi Margareta Andini et al.

Background: Anxiety in the last trimester of pregnancy will be different from anxiety in the previous trimester. Stress during pregnancy will affect the growth and development of the fetus. Anxiety is three times more likely to increase fear of childbirth and 1.7 times more likely to require a cesarean section. Stress during pregnancy can be reduced by exercising. One of the recommended sports is prenatal yoga. Practicing prenatal yoga during pregnancy is more effective in reducing stress and depression. Because in yoga, in addition to practicing, pregnant women also receive positive affirmations so that they can respond to physical changes during pregnancy and childbirth. to determine the effect of pregnancy yoga on the anxiety of pregnant women before birth. Method: A study uses a quasi-experimental design to examine the impact and effectiveness of treatment. The design of this study uses groups of subjects. Observations will be made before and after treatment. The sample for this study was pregnant women between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation. The instrument used to measure anxiety levels is the standard Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire (HARS). This research was carried out in the working area of "‹Puskesmas Ngletih, Kediri Regency. The study population included all pregnant women who attended a yoga class for pregnant women at Puskesmas Ngletih Workspace, Kediri Regency, for a total of 12 people. Result: The results of a study conducted at Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri Town, in 2023. Result : Practicing gentle yoga before giving birth has an effect on pregnant women's anxiety about labor, with a p value of <0.001 (p <0.05).Conclusion : It is hoped that all pregnant women with a gestational age of 14–40 weeks can do prenatal yoga.

Huanliang Huang, Jiayi Yin, Fa Lv et al.

Joshua Okyere, Castro Ayebeng, Sylvia Ahinee Adjedu et al.

Abstract Background There is a strong evidence showing that women who start menstruation early are at a greater risk of developing breast cancer. Recognizing that women will seek breast cancer screening when they have a high perceived risk, we hypothesized that women who experienced early menarche will be more likely to utilize clinical breast examination (CBE). Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between age at first menstruation and women’s utilization of CBE in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods We used data from the 2021 Côte d'Ivoire demographic and health survey. A sample of 14,685 women was used for the analysis. A descriptive analysis, as well as bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were computed in STATA version 18. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval was used to present the result. Results CBE utilization was 17.4%. Women who had their first menstruation before attaining 15 years were significantly less likely to utilize CBE services [AOR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.99]. A significantly higher utilization of CBE was found among those with primary [AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.29–1.70], secondary [AOR = 2.96, 95% CI 2.59–3.38], and higher education [AOR = 4.35, 95% CI 3.50–5.40] compared to those with no formal education. Increasing likelihood of CBE utilization was observed as age increased. Rural residence was associated with lower odds of CBE utilization (AOR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95]. Increasing wealth status was associated with higher odds of CBE utilization with those in the richest households having the highest odds compared to women in the poorest household [AOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.69–2.64]. Conclusion Utilization of CBE is low among women of reproductive age in Côte d'Ivoire. We conclude that even though existing literature has established early age at first menstruation as a strong risk factor for breast cancer, CBE utilization is significantly low among those who had early menarche. Going forward, it is necessary for Côte d'Ivoire’s health Ministry to intensify breast cancer awareness in the country. Such awareness campaigns must emphasize age at menarche as a risk factor so as to motivate women with a history of early menstruation to utilize CBE.

Li-Fang Zhu, Fritz Koermann, Qing Chen et al.

Melting properties are critical for designing novel materials, especially for discovering high-performance, high-melting refractory materials. Experimental measurements of these properties are extremely challenging due to their high melting temperatures. Complementary theoretical predictions are, therefore, indispensable. The conventional free energy approach using density functional theory (DFT) has been a gold standard for such purposes because of its high accuracy. However,it generally involves expensive thermodynamic integration using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations. The high computational cost makes high-throughput calculations infeasible. Here, we propose a highly efficient DFT-based method aided by a specially designed machine learning potential. As the machine learning potential can closely reproduce the ab initio phase space, even for multi-component alloys, the costly thermodynamic integration can be fully substituted with more efficient free energy perturbation calculations. The method achieves overall savings of computational resources by 80% compared to current alternatives. We apply the method to the high-entropy alloy TaVCrW and calculate its melting properties, including melting temperature, entropy and enthalpy of fusion, and volume change at the melting point. Additionally, the heat capacities of solid and liquid TaVCrW are calculated. The results agree reasonably with the calphad extrapolated values.

Ben Simner, Alasdair Armstrong, Thomas Bauereiss et al.

To manage exceptions, software relies on a key architectural guarantee, precision: that exceptions appear to execute between instructions. However, this definition, dating back over 60 years, fundamentally assumes a sequential programmers model. Modern architectures such as Arm-A with programmer-observable relaxed behaviour make such a naive definition inadequate, and it is unclear exactly what guarantees programmers have on exception entry and exit. In this paper, we clarify the concepts needed to discuss exceptions in the relaxed-memory setting -- a key aspect of precisely specifying the architectural interface between hardware and software. We explore the basic relaxed behaviour across exception boundaries, and the semantics of external aborts, using Arm-A as a representative modern architecture. We identify an important problem, present yet unexplored for decades: pinning down what it means for exceptions to be precise in a relaxed setting. We describe key phenomena that any definition should account for. We develop an axiomatic model for Arm-A precise exceptions, tooling for axiomatic model execution, and a library of tests. Finally we explore the relaxed semantics of software-generated interrupts, as used in sophisticated programming patterns, and sketch how they too could be modelled.

ZiDong Wang, Zeyu Lu, Di Huang et al.

\textit{Nature is infinitely resolution-free}. In the context of this reality, existing diffusion models, such as Diffusion Transformers, often face challenges when processing image resolutions outside of their trained domain. To address this limitation, we conceptualize images as sequences of tokens with dynamic sizes, rather than traditional methods that perceive images as fixed-resolution grids. This perspective enables a flexible training strategy that seamlessly accommodates various aspect ratios during both training and inference, thus promoting resolution generalization and eliminating biases introduced by image cropping. On this basis, we present the \textbf{Flexible Vision Transformer} (FiT), a transformer architecture specifically designed for generating images with \textit{unrestricted resolutions and aspect ratios}. We further upgrade the FiT to FiTv2 with several innovative designs, includingthe Query-Key vector normalization, the AdaLN-LoRA module, a rectified flow scheduler, and a Logit-Normal sampler. Enhanced by a meticulously adjusted network structure, FiTv2 exhibits $2\times$ convergence speed of FiT. When incorporating advanced training-free extrapolation techniques, FiTv2 demonstrates remarkable adaptability in both resolution extrapolation and diverse resolution generation. Additionally, our exploration of the scalability of the FiTv2 model reveals that larger models exhibit better computational efficiency. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient post-training strategy to adapt a pre-trained model for the high-resolution generation. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the exceptional performance of FiTv2 across a broad range of resolutions. We have released all the codes and models at \url{https://github.com/whlzy/FiT} to promote the exploration of diffusion transformer models for arbitrary-resolution image generation.

Reham N. Nagar, Ahmed M.M. Hany, Mohammed A. Mohammed

Background: The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is 98% successful in preventing future pregnancy within the first six months after delivery. Correct application and adherence to LAM's three criteria have an impact on its efficiency and efficacy. Objectives: Assess the knowledge about lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) of women attending primary health care in QENA city, identify attitude toward LAM and determine the proportion of women use LAM was also investigated the factors determining practice of LAM. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study on 400 breastfeeding women in reproductive ages 15:49 years was undertaken at family planning clinics of five primary health care units in Qena city to determine the prevalence of LAM usage. A structured questionnaire was utilised there. Results: Prevalence of usage lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) among the women attend primary health care units in QENA city was 65.3%. The failure of LAM and occurrence pregnancy was 29.9% among women use LAM.There is a significant positive correlation between duration of breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding and duration of amenorrhea. According to logistic regression analysis mother age, mother education, family size, socioeconomic level significant related to LAM practice. Practicing of LAM was higher in women from rural residence, not working women and educated women level with lower socioeconomic level. Conclusion: According to the findings rural women are more likely to practice LAM. According to the findings, health care practitioners should encourage the mothers to breastfeed their children and provide women with good lactational amenorrhea advice.

R. R. Ullah, P. Klavins, X. D. Zhu et al.

Two ferromagnetic phases, FM1 and FM2, were first proposed to exist in LaCrGe$_3$ based on a broad maximum in the temperature derivative of resistivity resembling that of the superconducting ferromagnet UGe$_2$ where FM1 and FM2 are well-established. While evidence for two FM phases can be found in certain additional probes, corresponding anomalies in magnetization have not been recognized until now. Our spatially-resolved images of the magnetic domains show a substantial change in the domain structure between the higher temperature FM1 phase and the lower temperature FM2 phase. Furthermore, our measurements of the coercive field and virgin magnetization curves reveal an unconventional magnetic domain pinning region in the FM1 phase, followed by a depinning region at lower temperatures where the system is reported to crossover into the FM2 phase. We incorporate this discovery into a simple domain magnetization model that demystifies the magnetization curve seen in all previous studies. Finally, we find that the unusual domain behavior can be explained by a change in the ferromagnetic exchange interaction and magnetic moment, both of which are consistent with the existence of two FM phases. This revelation may help explain a range of anomalous behaviors observed in LaCrGe$_3$ and rekindles the discussion about the prevalence of multiple FM phases in fragile FM systems.

Krzysztof Sobucki, Wojciech Śmigaj, Piotr Graczyk et al.

We numerically demonstrate the excitation of leaky spin waves (SWs) guided along a ferromagnetic stripe by an obliquely incident SW beam on the thin film edge placed below the stripe. During propagation, leaky waves emit energy back to the layer in the form of plane waves and several laterally shifted parallel SW beams. This resonance excitation, combined with interference effects of the reflected and re-emitted waves, results in the magnonic Woods anomaly and significant increase of the Goos-Hanchen shift magnitude. Hence, we provide a unique platform to control SW reflection and to transfer SWs from a 2D platform into the 1D guiding mode that can be used to form a transdimensional magnonic router.

Sihong Chen, Taisong Pan, Zhengcheng Mou et al.

The sensitivity to deformation plays a key role in determining the applicability of stretchable metamaterials (MMs) to be used for conformal integration or mechanical reconfiguration. Typically, different unit designs are required to achieve the desired sensitivity, but this article proposes a block definition design for stretchable MMs that enables regulation of the MMs' response to deformation by defining various block arrangements with the same precursor structure. The article demonstrates a stretchable MM that employs the block definition design to show the mechanical reconfigurability of resonant frequency. Different block definitions result in modulation ranges of resonant frequency ranging from 39\% to 85\% when applying a 20\% tensile strain. Additionally, the proposed design is also used to realize another MM with contradictory sensitivity to the deformation and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) MMs with configurable transmission bandwidth to the deformation, indicating its potential for broader applications.

Zhaowei Chang, Jianhua Zhang, Pan Tang et al.

Terahertz (THz) communication is envisioned as one of the possible technologies for the sixth-generation (6G) communication system due to its rich spectrum. To evaluate the performance of THz communication, it is essential to propose THz channel models within the common framework of the geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This paper focuses on THz channel modeling and simulation by a 3GPP-like GBSM, based on channel measurements. We first present channel measurements at 100 GHz in an indoor office scenario and 132 GHz in an urban microcellular scenario. Subsequently, channel characteristics such as path loss, delay spread, angle spread, K-factor, cluster characteristic, cross-correlations, and correlation distances are obtained and analyzed based on channel measurement. Additionally, the channel characteristics are modeled by the statistical distribution of 3GPP channel models, which can be used to reconstruct the channel impulse response (CIR). Furthermore, these obtained distributions are studied referring to the default models in the 3GPP, revealing the channel sparsity in the THz channel. For instance, in the case of line-of-sight links in the indoor office, the mean of the measured cluster number is 4 while the default value is 15. Finally, we propose the THz channel model and its simulation framework to reconstruct CIRs based on the obtained models, which aim at characterizing the sparser THz channels. The obvious channel sparsity is characterized in both scenarios, as the Gini factors obtained by the proposed model only have the maximum deviation of 0.04 for those of the measurement. Overall, these findings are helpful in understanding and modeling the THz channel, facilitating the application of THz communication techniques for 6G.

Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar, Runyu Ma, Ahmed Abusnaina et al.

Free content websites that provide free books, music, games, movies, etc., have existed on the Internet for many years. While it is a common belief that such websites might be different from premium websites providing the same content types, an analysis that supports this belief is lacking in the literature. In particular, it is unclear if those websites are as safe as their premium counterparts. In this paper, we set out to investigate, by analysis and quantification, the similarities and differences between free content and premium websites, including their risk profiles. To conduct this analysis, we assembled a list of 834 free content websites offering books, games, movies, music, and software, and 728 premium websites offering content of the same type. We then contribute domain-, content-, and risk-level analysis, examining and contrasting the websites' domain names, creation times, SSL certificates, HTTP requests, page size, average load time, and content type. For risk analysis, we consider and examine the maliciousness of these websites at the website- and component-level. Among other interesting findings, we show that free content websites tend to be vastly distributed across the TLDs and exhibit more dynamics with an upward trend for newly registered domains. Moreover, the free content websites are 4.5 times more likely to utilize an expired certificate, 19 times more likely to be malicious at the website level, and 2.64 times more likely to be malicious at the component level. Encouraged by the clear differences between the two types of websites, we explore the automation and generalization of the risk modeling of the free content risky websites, showing that a simple machine learning-based technique can produce 86.81\% accuracy in identifying them.

Soraya Bernal-Guerrero, Stefano Vinaccia-Alpi

La cistitis intersticial o síndrome de vejiga dolorosa es un padecimiento complejo asociado a dolor pélvico intenso con síntomas urinarios como urgencia, polaquiuria, dispareunia, incontinencia y nicturia, que afecta de manera importante la calidad de vida y las relaciones sociales y productivas del paciente. La evidencia muestra que el abordaje de los factores psicosociales que afectan a los pacientes con esta enfermedad es esencial. El tratamiento debe ir más allá de los síntomas clínicos y considerar los aspectos individuales de cada paciente, su salud mental, sus experiencias de vida y su comorbilidad, dado que los trastornos psicológicos como la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés postraumático pueden influir en la manera en que se percibe el dolor, y están ligados con la gravedad y el empeoramiento de los síntomas. La literatura presenta a la intervención psicológica desde el enfoque cognitivo conductual como un medio para disminuir el dolor, la ansiedad y el catastrofismo, dando al paciente herramientas que le permitan obtener una sensación de control a partir del afrontamiento y mejorar su calidad de vida.

Jiangnan Pei, Zhenzhen Liu, Chengjie Wang et al.

Pre-eclampsia is a severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), mainly characterized by new-onset hypertension with proteinuria after 20-week gestation. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, is associated with the regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, immune response, metabolism, and autophagy. However, the effect of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the expression of SIRT1 was relatively lower in the placentas and serum samples of pre-eclampsia patients. Typical pre-eclampsia-like symptoms, such as hypertension, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, kidney injury, and a narrow placental labyrinth layer, were observed in SIRT1 knockdown (SIRT1^+/−) mice. Of note, these performances could be improved after the intraperitoneal injection of SIRT1 agonist SRT2104. More importantly, we found that the efficacy of progesterone on attenuating symptoms of PE was profoundly better than that of metformin in SIRT1^+/− mice. In addition, our results suggested that progesterone can promote the invasion and inhibit the apoptosis of trophoblasts. These data suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in pre-eclampsia and that progesterone alleviates pre-eclampsia-like symptoms mediated by SIRT1 deficiency.

Kevin Tabury, Mehri Monavarian, Eduardo Listik et al.

PVT1 is a YAP1 dependent stress responsive lncRNA that promotes ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, making PVT1 a promising therapeutic target. Metastatic growth of ovarian cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity requires adaptation to various cellular stress factors to facilitate cell survival and growth. Here, we demonstrate the role of PVT1, one such stress induced long non-coding RNA, in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. PVT1 is an amplified and overexpressed lncRNA in ovarian cancer with strong predictive value for survival and response to targeted therapeutics. We find that expression of PVT1 is regulated by tumor cells in response to cellular stress, particularly loss of cell–cell contacts and changes in matrix rigidity occurring in a YAP1-dependent manner. Induction of PVT1 promotes tumor cell survival, growth, and migration. Conversely, reducing PVT1 levels robustly abrogates metastatic behavior and tumor cell dissemination in cell lines and syngeneic transplantation models in vivo. We find that reducing PVT1 causes widespread changes in the transcriptome leading to alterations in cellular stress response and metabolic pathways including doxorubicin metabolism, which impacts chemosensitivity. Together, these findings implicate PVT1 as a promising therapeutic target to suppress metastasis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.