Hasil untuk "General works"

T. Kuhn, Joseph Epstein

W. T. Koiter

E. Soja

Albanë Mehmetaj, Kosovar Berisha

This paper examines Ibrahim Rugova’s philosophical and theoretical contributions to literary studies, focusing on three central categories that define his aesthetics: objectification, the strategy of meaning, and aesthetic refusal. Through the reworking of phenomenological and ontological concepts, Rugova reformulates objectification as the process by which the inner world of personality becomes externalized in the literary work, thereby affirming the autonomy of art as a mode of being. His notion of the strategy of meaning, developed in dialogue with semiotics and structuralism, explains how literature generates both denotative meanings internal to the work and connotative meanings arising from interpretation. Finally, the concept of aesthetic refusal highlights the tension between literature and politics, showing how literature resists ideological and institutional pressures by affirming its autonomy. The study seeks to analyze and synthesize these concepts by examining Rugova’s theoretical–philosophical works, such as <i>Kah teoria Strategjia e kuptimit</i>, and <i>Refuzimi estetik</i>. <i>letrare</i>, through an interdisciplinary methodology that combines philosophical analysis, literary theory, and cultural critique. Taken together, the categories under discussion form a coherent ontology of the literary work that situates Rugova within multiple intellectual traditions that influenced him—including phenomenology, hermeneutics, information theory, structuralism, and dialectical philosophy—while simultaneously underscoring his originality in adapting these ideas to the Albanian intellectual context. The paper concludes that Rugova’s theoretical legacy, often overshadowed by his political role, offers a significant contribution to modern literary theory by defending the autonomy of literature and reaffirming its function as a distinctive mode of truth and human realization.

Juliette Carolina Soler Camargo, Wilson Iván López López

Los enfoques clásicos aún vigentes sobre la socialización familiar y los estilos educativos de crianza se quedan en definiciones estigmatizantes y resultan limitados para comprender la complejidad de la crianza. Las familias de jóvenes vinculados al Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal Juvenil (SRPJ) enfrentan señalamientos por las acciones de estos o por su capacidad de crianza. Las interacciones familiares, sin embargo, van más allá de los estilos educativos; pues implican dinámicas fluidas y contextuales, influidas por diversos factores. Este estudio explora las interacciones comunicacionales en la crianza de tres hijos vinculados al SRPJ en Colombia y sus familias, utilizando un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo basado en narrativas. Los hallazgos muestran que los jóvenes actúan como participantes activos en las interacciones familiares, exigiendo una comunicación democrática que reeduque a ambas partes y redefina los roles de poder y los estilos de crianza.  Por tanto, la clave está en la calidad de la relación familiar más que en las categorías educativas. Se concluye que, para fortalecer el diálogo familiar, es esencial una metacomunicación que aborde la complejidad y la particularidad de cada sistema familiar.

Rafael Ceja Ayala, Isaac Harris, General Ozochiawaeze

This work extends the factorization method to the inverse scattering problem of reconstructing the shape and location of an absorbing penetrable scatterer embedded in a thin infinite elastic (Kirchhoff--Love) plate. With the assumption that the plate thickness is small compared to the wavelength of the incident wave, the propagation of flexural perturbations is modeled by the two--dimensional biharmonic wave equation in the frequency domain. Within this setting, we provide a rigorous justification of the factorization method and demonstrate that it yields a binary criterion for distinguishing whether a sampling point lies inside or outside the scatterer, using only the spectral data of the far--field operator. In addition, we numerically analyze the Born approximation for weak scatterers in this biharmonic scattering context and compute the relative error against exact far--field data for sample weak scatterers, thereby quantifying its validity as a limited but useful approximation.

Yeonsun Yang, Sang Won Lee, Jean Y. Song et al.

Non-native English speakers performing English-related tasks at work struggle to sustain EFL learning, despite their motivation. Often, study materials are disconnected from their work context. Our formative study revealed that reviewing work-related English becomes burdensome with current systems, especially after work. Although workers rely on LLM-based assistants to address their immediate needs, these interactions may not directly contribute to their English skills. We present LingoQ, an AI-mediated system that allows workers to practice English using quizzes generated from their LLM queries during work. LingoQ leverages these on-the-fly queries using AI to generate personalized quizzes that workers can review and practice on their smartphones. We conducted a three-week deployment study with 28 EFL workers to evaluate LingoQ. Participants valued the quality-assured, work-situated quizzes and constantly engaging with the app during the study. This active engagement improved self-efficacy and led to learning gains for beginners and, potentially, for intermediate learners. Drawing on these results, we discuss design implications for leveraging workers' growing reliance on LLMs to foster proficiency and engagement while respecting work boundaries and ethics.

B. H. Diya’uddeen, W. Daud, A. Aziz

K. Kawabata, N. Okuma, M. Sato

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are generally sensitive to boundary conditions, and their spectra and wave functions under open boundary conditions are not necessarily predicted by the Bloch band theory for periodic boundary conditions. To elucidate such a non-Bloch feature, recent works have developed a non-Bloch band theory that works even under arbitrary boundary conditions. Here, it is demonstrated that the standard non-Bloch band theory breaks down in the symplectic class, in which non-Hermitian Hamiltonians exhibit Kramers degeneracy because of reciprocity. Instead, a modified non-Bloch band theory for the symplectic class is developed in a general manner, as well as illustrative examples. This nonstandard non-Bloch band theory underlies the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ non-Hermitian skin effect protected by reciprocity.

M. Haerinia, Reem Shadid

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is a critical technology that provides an alternative for wireless power and communication with implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article provides a study concentrating on popular WPT techniques for IMDs including inductive coupling, microwave, ultrasound, and hybrid wireless power transmission (HWPT) systems. Moreover, an overview of the major works is analyzed with a comparison of the symmetric and asymmetric design elements, operating frequency, distance, efficiency, and harvested power. In general, with respect to the operating frequency, it is concluded that the ultrasound-based and inductive-based WPTs have a low operating frequency of less than 50 MHz, whereas the microwave-based WPT works at a higher frequency. Moreover, it can be seen that most of the implanted receiver’s dimension is less than 30 mm for all the WPT-based methods. Furthermore, the HWPT system has a larger receiver size compared to the other methods used. In terms of efficiency, the maximum power transfer efficiency is conducted via inductive-based WPT at 95%, compared to the achievable frequencies of 78%, 50%, and 17% for microwave-based, ultrasound-based, and hybrid WPT, respectively. In general, the inductive coupling tactic is mostly employed for transmission of energy to neuro-stimulators, and the ultrasonic method is used for deep-seated implants.

Vitalii Bryzhnik

A short article by Max Horkheimer, a well-known German neo-Marxist social philosopher and one of the founders of critical social theory, was published in the eighth issue of the Frankfurter Studentenzeitung, the student newspaper of the University of Frankfurt, which was published in December 1951. This text is another work of the Frankfurt thinker from his cycle of philosophical and educational works devoted to the philosophical consideration of such a spiritually influential phenomenon of German culture as the German university. Horkheimer continued his line of ideological orientation towards the concept of das Studium in German educational philosophy when he was rector of the University of Frankfurt in the early fifties of the last century. The German philosopher defined the theoretical connection that should bind together philosophy as theoretical knowledge that emancipates human consciousness from the pressure of totalitarian, ruling ideology, and sociology as a science that is able to provide society, which has embarked on the path of humanistic transformations in its environment, with relevant positive scientific and objective knowledge. The theoretical basis of Horkheimer's next philosophical and educational work, his speech "Academic Studies at University" (1952), was outlined in general terms here. The Frankfurt philosopher, ideologically relying on the tradition of German university education to cherish an educated person’s freedom from excessive social and political power, set out the German intellectual's fundamental demand to separate the socio-cultural (spiritual) space of university education from the influence of the unity of ideological components of post-totalitarian society. According to Horkheimer, this ideological unity should be overcome by a new theoretical unity - a combination of philosophy, which is characterised by the use of free subjective thinking of an individual, and sociology, which as a science cognises in an objective way. It will result in such social upbringing of young people that will lead to the beginning of humanistic socio-cultural changes in a post-totalitarian society

Kelly Counts, Sue Lasiter

Introduction: Healthcare advances have contributed to patients living longer with chronic illnesses and diseases with uncertain trajectories impacting quality of life (QOL). Palliative care (PC) is no longer only for dying oncology patients as many healthcare practitioners have adopted the PC concept in diverse care settings and the timing of PC implementation remains ambiguous. There is a need to develop an operational definition of early palliative care (EPC) by clarifying the phenomenon and bridging concepts with empirical data to develop and test possible interventions before integrating EPC into emergency care (EC). Methods: Norris’ concept clarification method was used as the philosophical framework to define, analyze, and clarify EPC. An electronic search of literature from 2000-2024, using CINAHL, PubMed, APA PsychINFO, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases and search terms "early palliative care" AND "emergency care" NOT "animals", and NOT "pediatrics" were screened for eligible articles. Results: Of the 826 articles identified; 22 articles were retained for review. Attributes included timing, palliative, and EC; antecedents included symptom burden, access to care, and cognitive awareness; consequences included QOL and resource utilization; an empirical referent used to screen patients is the highly accurate surprise question "Would I be surprised if this patient died within a year?" Conclusion: Clarifying the concept of EPC leading to an operational definition will advance the development of interventions that support the implementation of EPC in ED clinical practice.

Théo Fagnoni, Bellinda Mesbah, Mahsun Altin et al.

This paper introduces Opus, a novel framework for generating and optimizing Workflows tailored to complex Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) use cases, focusing on cost reduction and quality enhancement while adhering to established industry processes and operational constraints. Our approach generates executable Workflows from Intention, defined as the alignment of Client Input, Client Output, and Process Context. These Workflows are represented as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), with nodes as Tasks consisting of sequences of executable Instructions, including tools and human expert reviews. We adopt a two-phase methodology: Workflow Generation and Workflow Optimization. In the Generation phase, Workflows are generated using a Large Work Model (LWM) informed by a Work Knowledge Graph (WKG) that encodes domain-specific procedural and operational knowledge. In the Optimization phase, Workflows are transformed into Workflow Graphs (WFGs), where optimal Workflows are determined through path optimization. Our experiments demonstrate that state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) face challenges in reliably retrieving detailed process data as well as generating industry-compliant workflows. The key contributions of this paper include integrating a Work Knowledge Graph (WKG) into a Large Work Model (LWM) to enable the generation of context-aware, semantically aligned, structured and auditable Workflows. It further introduces a two-phase approach that combines Workflow Generation from Intention with graph-based Workflow Optimization. Finally, we present Opus Alpha 1 Large and Opus Alpha 1 Small that outperform state-of-the-art LLMs by 38% and 29% respectively in Workflow Generation for a Medical Coding use case.

Caleb Ji

Lov K. Grover

Xingyou Song, Yiding Jiang, Stephen Tu et al.

A major component of overfitting in model-free reinforcement learning (RL) involves the case where the agent may mistakenly correlate reward with certain spurious features from the observations generated by the Markov Decision Process (MDP). We provide a general framework for analyzing this scenario, which we use to design multiple synthetic benchmarks from only modifying the observation space of an MDP. When an agent overfits to different observation spaces even if the underlying MDP dynamics is fixed, we term this observational overfitting. Our experiments expose intriguing properties especially with regards to implicit regularization, and also corroborate results from previous works in RL generalization and supervised learning (SL).

Ashish Goel, A. Krishnaswamy, Sukolsak Sakshuwong et al.

We address the question of aggregating the preferences of voters in the context of participatory budgeting. We scrutinize the voting method currently used in practice, underline its drawbacks, and introduce a novel scheme tailored to this setting, which we call “Knapsack Voting.” We study its strategic properties—we show that it is strategy-proof under a natural model of utility (a dis-utility given by the ℓ1 distance between the outcome and the true preference of the voter) and “partially” strategy-proof under general additive utilities. We extend Knapsack Voting to more general settings with revenues, deficits, or surpluses and prove a similar strategy-proofness result. To further demonstrate the applicability of our scheme, we discuss its implementation on the digital voting platform that we have deployed in partnership with the local government bodies in many cities across the nation. From voting data thus collected, we present empirical evidence that Knapsack Voting works well in practice.

H. Lee, Ki-Chan Kim, Ju Lee

Oksana G. Shostak

An important layer of this research is dedicated to critical studies, which are directed at the strategies of creating a peculiarly Indian literary theory and practice. We have a desire to separate the indigenous tradition from the broad American, in particular, Anglo-American and recognize Indian writing as a component of the multicultural paradigm. Currently, there is a noticeable confrontation between two camps of literary critics: one of them is oriented to European literary theories and believes that they should form the basis of literary interpretations of indigenous writers’ works; another wing is determined by the need to clarify the peculiarities of the literary paradigm of “Indian realism” in the context of a globalized society taking into account new literary models of the perception of ethnic minorities. The need to write the article is caused by the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the problem in Ukrainian literary studies and the growing objective interest in the works of Native American writers, in particular Susan Power. The article proposes a conceptual and methodological determination of the study of a literary text written in the style of Indian realism, which makes it possible to reveal the raised scientific problem at many levels. The article examines how the drama of loss, search and a new acquisition of national identity by the Sioux people was artistically and aesthetically reflected in the text of Susan Power`s novel “The Grass Dancer”. The presentation and consideration of the problem of national and cultural identity provides an opportunity to see the artistic diversity in the understanding of the personal destiny of a person and the people in general, literary ideas about the Sioux people beliefs peculiarities, their aesthetic component and place in the national cultural canon. The main thing is to avoid the trap of a politicized and ideologized theory of multiculturalism, in which modern critics increasingly see an opportunity to interpret the texts of indigenous writers, which is actually the ideology of colonial domination hidden behind political correctness. The main purpose of this article is to outline a coherent theoretical and empirical model of multi-level functioning of Dakota national identity concept in the novel “The Grass Dancer” by Susan Power. Also the aim is to substantiate the leading concept of Sioux national identity literary manifestations interpretation as a unique code, epistemological, socio-cultural and artistic-aesthetic factor that plays a significant role in the modern worldview formation process and myth-making of Dakota society representatives. The following article involves historical-cultural and structural approaches, which correspond to the purpose and tasks of the research; methods of cultural-semantic analysis and phenomenological methods were also used. The persistent deconstruction of the Eurocentric canon of world literature, not only at the level of academic discussions, but also in the system of university teaching of world literature, demands new texts such as “The Grass Dancer”. The reformatting of canons is, of course, a permanent process, but the globalization of the literary canon today acquires a qualitatively new scale and breadth proposed by Susan Power. Multiculturalism with its influence on cultural dynamics and the idea of national and cultural identity can’t be considered the driving cultural stimulus of changes in all its ambiguity. To an even greater extent, transculturalism, proposed by Power, aimed at defining common interests and common values across cultural and national borders for non-native readers. That is her main contribution to the construction of a more globalized literary canon. Susan Power as a Native American writer has repeatedly addressed the specified range of the Indigenous problems, which constantly tested the agreement prevalent in the nonnative science with the most urgent problems of Native literary studies.

Sainan Xue, Xin Zhang, Jianlu Yang et al.

A direct connection test of a rotating detonation engine was conducted. The outer and inner diameters of the annular combustors were 206 and 166 mm, respectively. High enthalpy air was used as an oxidizer, and a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane was used as fuel with a volume fraction of 5/4/1. The mixture was injected through small holes, and air was injected through annular slots. The effects of combustor length, width of annular slots, and the equivalent ratio on formation, development, propagation, and flameout of rotating detonation waves were analyzed, and several modes of rotating detonation were observed. It was found that when the width of the air annular slot was within the range of 3–5 mm, the pressure of the detonation wave was augmented with an increased slot width. As width increased, detonation waves became unstable. In study test conditions, an annular slot width of 6 mm was the critical condition for the formation of stable detonation. When the slot width was 4 mm and combustor length 160 mm, the phenomena of the conversion between single and double waves, double-wave collision, and conversion of the propagation direction occurred at different equivalent ratios. When the equivalent ratio was 1.2/1 and the slot width was within the range of 3–6 mm, the slot width was inversely related to the detonation wave velocity. When the slot width was 4 mm and the equivalent ratio was 1.0/1–1.2/1, the slot width was positively correlated with the detonation wave velocity. When the combustor length was shortened to 80 mm, the propagation mode of the detonation wave was changed to a single wave first and then to a double wave in the same direction, and the velocity reduced from 1130.69 to 1024.16 m/s. The injector used in the test inhibited the propagation of back pressure from the combustor.