Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

Jorge Saldana

Narasimha Raghavendra, Sharanappa Chapi, Murugendrappa M. V. et al.

Pharmaceutical waste is a type of bio-waste inevitably generated by the pharmaceutical industry, often due to regulatory changes, product deterioration, or expiration. However, their collection and valorization can be approached from a sustainable perspective, offering potential energy-efficient solutions. In this work, the expired Eslicarbazepine acetate drug (ESLD) was utilized as a sustainable anticorrosive agent against mild steel in a 3 M HCl wash solution. Experimental tests combined with theoretical Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations revealed the corrosion inhibition potential of ESLD. The gasometrical results revealed a high inhibition efficiency rate of 98% upon increases in concentration of expired ESLD from 0.25 to 1.00 mg·L⁻¹, whereas hydrogen gas evolution decreased to 0.7 mL. An impedance investigation evidenced the pivotal role of charge transfer in reducing the disintegration process. As per DFT computations and MC simulation, electron-rich elements in the expired ESLD were key in controlling the dissolution through the adsorption process. Contact angle studies revealed that the increment in the contact angle from 61° to 80° in the presence of expired ESLD validates the chemical, electrochemical, and computational results. This approach not only mitigates pharmaceutical pollution, but also exemplifies the integration of green chemistry principles into corrosion protection, contributing to energy-efficient and sustainable industrial practices.

Xiang Zhou, Simiao Wu, Xinyang Sun

Due to the presence of insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), DF-enriched products have a lower consumer acceptance compared to those prepared using a regular formulation. The objective of this review was to focus on a comprehensive utilization of enzymes for improving the DF-enriched dough rheology and bubble dynamics via the regulation of intermolecular interactions between DF, starch granules, and gluten proteins. Xylanase was used to promote the interactions between water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) and gluten proteins, leading to a stronger gluten network and dough liquid film around gas bubbles. Cellulase was applied to promote the breakdown of cellulose, mitigating the adverse impacts of IDF on the gluten structure. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was utilized to facilitate disulfide bond (S-S) formation between gluten proteins, thereby enhancing the gluten strength, gas retention capacity, and bubble stability of dough during processing. Amylase incorporation promoted bubble expansion of high-fibre dough. In conclusion, the review established a solid theoretical framework on how an unpredictable evolution for the rheological behaviour and bubble dynamics of dough during processing could be modified via the complicated interactions involving enzymes and biopolymers. This will contribute to a high-quality development for the fibre-enriched product industry, and also a sustainable promotion of regular DF consumption.

Khalid Alfahdi, Hakan Gultekin, Emad Summad

Abstract The oil and gas industry must remain efficient and flexible to navigate shifting market uncertainties in an era of increasing global energy demand. Ensuring the reliability and availability of oil and gas production systems is vital for meeting supply requirements at optimal cost and sustainability. Comprehensive engineering Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) approaches can significantly support these objectives. This paper introduces a novel Global Health Index (GHI) for monitoring and benchmarking production system health, serving as a foundation for big data to advance artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. The proposed GHI captures system-wide health requirements by integrating descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics within the PHM framework. A hierarchical structure organizes sub-indices into units, systems, pillars, elements, and parameters, enabling an explicit decomposition of complex production systems. Six adaptable indicators quantify health and guide proactive management strategies at the parameter level. This comprehensive yet practical benchmark indicator provides real-time health monitoring and data-driven decision-making, enhancing system availability and efficiency. By identifying emerging issues and guiding timely interventions, the GHI improves reliability and supports sustainable growth in the oil and gas sector.

Yuanyuan Zhang, HaSung Kong, Ruixuan Hao et al.

Abstract The iron sulfide compound FeS, present in petrochemical plants, is prone to spontaneous combustion when exposed to air, posing a significant threat to the safety of production processes in the petrochemical industry. Accurately assessing the spontaneous combustion tendency of FeS is crucial for preventing fire and explosion hazards in petrochemical storage tanks. In this study, FeS was passivated with 3%, 6%, and 9% concentrations of passivator for 2 to 8 h, and the effects of gas-phase passivation on FeS were investigated. Thermodynamic and pore structure parameters were extracted through simultaneous thermal analysis and BET specific surface area measurement experiments. The entropy-weight TOPSIS method was then used to evaluate the passivated samples and determine the optimal passivation conditions. The results show that the entropy-weight method assigns dominant weights to the duration temperature in the room-temperature spontaneous combustion stage (ΔT1, 10.2%) and the activation energy in the high-temperature combustion stage (E3, 9.3%), indicating that the thermodynamic suppression effect, driven by the passivation mechanism, plays a more significant role than the changes in the microstructure. TOPSIS analysis reveals that the FeS sample passivated for 8 h with a 9% passivator concentration has the lowest spontaneous combustion tendency (composite score of 0.743), while the highest risk is associated with the sample passivated for 2 h with a 3% concentration (composite score of 0.341). The passivator concentration is positively correlated with inhibition efficiency, and selecting a gas-phase passivator concentration between 6% and 9%, with a passivation time of over 4 h, ensures higher safety and superior passivation effectiveness.

Betty ariani, Frengki Mohammad Felayati, Moh. Arif Batutah

The energy crisis and the threat of global climate change have spurred various research efforts and alternative initiatives to find substitutes for fossil fuels, improve energy efficiency, and reduce emissions, especially greenhouse gases. The shipping industry is one of the contributors to global emissions that has received particular attention due to the increasing demand for maritime transportation services. The use of natural gas is considered a potential solution due to its relatively clean nature, abundant availability, and competitive pricing. The CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine design is developed with the principle of using natural gas as an alternative fuel without replacing the existing diesel engine. Minimal modifications are made to the intake manifold to accommodate CNG entry. Despite its advantages, the development of dual fuel engines faces challenges, such as increased methane emissions due to the potential for incomplete combustion. This research conducts experimental studies on the use of a Venturi-like mixer in the intake manifold to enhance the homogeneity of the CNG-air mixture before entering the combustion chamber. Testing the mixer's influence is carried out under various CNG injection durations at low and high engine loads at constant speeds. The results indicate that the addition of the mixer does not immediately improve combustion quality or reduce emissions. Attention to conditioning the homogenous mixture at the required air-fuel ratio before entering the combustion chamber is crucial. The selection of the appropriate mixer design, diameter size, and placement of holes needs careful consideration

LIU Wei, CAO Xiaopeng, HU Huifang et al.

Significant productivity breakthroughs have been achieved in key production layers of the shale in Jiyang Depression, notably the lower sub-member of the third member and the upper sub-member of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation. Despite these achievements, the development of these layers is relatively recent, and they exhibit considerable variation in individual well production. The primary factors influencing production remain unclear. Currently, a major focus of research is the comprehensive analysis of the main control factors for high production and the selection of reasonable fracturing parameters for shale oil horizontal wells. To better understand the impact of various factors on horizontal well production, factor correlation and pattern analysis are conducted using field data. Techniques such as gray correlation analysis and principal component analysis are employed to quantify the relationships between the average daily oil production over 90, 180, and 270 days and factors like the volume of fracturing fluid used and sand addition. Subsequently, a shale oil productivity prediction model is constructed, and fracturing parameters are optimized using SHAP（SHapley Additive exPlanations）. The research findings suggest that the volume of fracturing fluid, the amount of sand added, and the number of fracture events are the main engineering parameters affecting production. In contrast, geological parameters such as gray matter content, Total Organic Carbon（TOC）, and porosity significantly influence production as well. Over time, the impact of geological factors on production increases, while the influence of engineering factors diminishes during the later stages of production. Optimization analysis of fracturing parameters determined that a stage length of 40~45 meters, a fracturing fluid volume of 2 700 m³, and a sand addition volume of 180 m³ per stage are the optimal settings. These findings offer new insights for development determination and fracturing design in shale oil horizontal wells.

Hamid Ganji, Zahra Ganji, Said Shokri

Greenhouse gases can be defined as air pollutants that cause global climate warming. In order to reduce their harmful effects, these gases like methane and carbon dioxide can be stored in the form of compact gas hydrates. Prediction of gas hydrate formation conditions is very important for gas hydrate production and storage in industries. The goal of this study is to develop machine learning methods based on support vector regression and adaptive boosting models for predicting gas hydrate formation conditions for CO2 and natural gas. In this regard, SVR, AdaBoost.R2, VQ-SVR, VQ-AdaBoost.R2, CS-VQ-SVR, and CS-VQ-AdaBoost.R2 models have been developed and compared to obtain a model with the best performance. The cuckoo search optimization algorithm and vector quantization technique have also been utilized to determine the optimal values of the models’ hyper-parameters, reduce the computation time, and improve the accuracy and robustness of the models. As a result, since the values of the coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the CS-VQ-SVR model are 0.0215 and 0.9995, respectively, and the best agreement between predicted and actual values in this model’s graphs is obtained, it can be concluded that the CS-VQ-SVR model has the best accuracy and robustness among other developed models in predicting gas hydrate formation pressure with time. These results show that machine learning is viable for predicting the conditions of gas hydrate formation and preventing greenhouse gas emissions in industries.

Haresh S. Kalasariya, Leonel Pereira, Nikunj B. Patel

Marine macroalgae, such as <i>Padina boergesenii</i>, are gaining recognition in the cosmetics industry as valuable sources of natural bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical profile of <i>P. boergesenii</i> and evaluate its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS), and high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (HRLCMS QTOF) analyses were employed to assess the functional groups, phycocompounds, and beneficial compounds present in <i>P. boergesenii</i>. Pigment estimation, total phenol and protein content determination, DPPH antioxidant analysis, and tyrosinase inhibition assay were conducted to evaluate the extracts’ ability to counteract oxidative stress and address hyperpigmentation concerns. Elemental composition and amino acid quantification were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and HRLCMS, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed diverse functional groups, including halo compounds, alcohols, esters, amines, and acids. GCMS analysis identified moisturizing, conditioning, and anti-aging compounds such as long-chain fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fatty acids, and hydrocarbon derivatives. HRLCMS QTOF analysis revealed phenolic compounds, fatty acid derivatives, peptides, terpenoids, and amino acids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-nourishing properties. Elemental analysis indicated varying concentrations of elements, with silicon (Si) being the most abundant and copper (Cu) being the least abundant. The total phenol content was 86.50 µg/mL, suggesting the presence of antioxidants. The total protein content was 113.72 µg/mL, indicating nourishing and rejuvenating effects. The ethanolic extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 36.75 μg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating significant antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract showed an IC₅₀ value of 42.784 μg/mL. Furthermore, <i>P. boergesenii</i> extracts demonstrated 62.14% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of <i>P. boergesenii</i> as an effective cosmetic ingredient for enhancing skin health. Given the increasing use of seaweed-based bioactive components in cosmetics, further exploration of <i>P. boergesenii</i>’s potential in the cosmetics industry is warranted to leverage its valuable properties.

WANG Dianlin, YANG Qiong, WEI Bing et al.

The stability of foam system is very important in the application of foam flooding and gas reservoir foam drainage agent. The influence of surfactant molecular structure and interface arrangement on the permeability and stability of foam liquid film is of great significance for the construction of highly stable CO₂ foam, but there is no systematic understanding at present. The betaine surfactant with four molecular structures is used as the research object, and the foam phase property evaluation is used as the research method. For the saturated adsorption capacity, foam liquid film permeability, foam stability and other phase properties, the surfactant molecular structure, interface arrangement, CO₂ foam liquid film permeability, foam stability and their correlation experiments are carried out. The results show that when the molecular head groups of surfactants are consistent, the hydrophobic carbon chain length increases, the hydrophobic effect increases, the molecules on the liquid film surface are arranged more closely, the permeability of foam liquid film decreases, and the stability of foam increases. When surfactant molecules have longer hydrophobic carbon chains, the enhanced hydrophobicity leads to a tighter arrangement of the liquid membrane and an increase in adsorption capacity, hindering the permeation behavior of CO₂ gas within the bubble and weakening the foaming ability of the foaming solution. Based on the regression analysis of the parameters obtained from four foaming systems, the correlation coefficient <i>R</i>² between foam life, foam liquid film molecular adsorption capacity and foaming capacity and foam liquid film permeability <i>K</i> is established. The fitting shows that <i>R</i>²&gt;0.90. Therefore, the permeability of foam liquid film <i>K</i> can be used as one of the parameters to evaluate the stability of foam system and provide a reliable evaluation parameter for the screening of highly stable foam system.

Vlatka Petravić Tominac, Mario Novak, Antonija Trontel et al.

The main product of anaerobic digestion is biogas, which is a renewable fuel, and the by-product of this process is digestate, which is used as a nutrient-rich fertilizer. Additional positive effects of anaerobic digestion are the decomposition of organic waste and the reduction of unpleasant odors and the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms. Biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat, and in some cases it is purified to obtain biomethane which is used in the natural gas network, as a fuel for internal combustion engines or as a starting chemical for the chemical industry. Due to all of the above, the development of biogas production has positive socio-economic and ecological effects. Biogas produced in Croatia is mostly used for the production of electricity and thermal energy at cogeneration plants. Although various renewable raw materials are available in Croatia that could be used for biogas production, their potential has been underutilized until now. Manure and by-products of agriculture, slaughterhouses and the food industry are mainly used as raw materials for the production of biogas in our country. More rational use of land and development of the food industry could increase the amount of agricultural residues and by-products resulting from food processing. Directing and encouraging the use of these by-products for biogas production can stimulate a faster development of biogas production in our Croatia. In addition to the possible increase in own production of electricity and fuel, it is an environmentally friendly technology that has a positive socio-economic effect.

Luke McElroy, Gongkui Xiao, Roman Weh et al.

Helium occurs in commercial quantities in some natural gas fields and global production is dominated by the few countries that recover helium as a byproduct of natural gas. In this study, project expense and production capacity data were gathered for nine helium plants across six countries, giving a current dataset for early screening of new helium projects. Because natural gas companies often do not recognise the value of the helium contained in their feedstocks, a profitability analysis was then performed on a plant producing 913 tonnes of liquid helium per year. Base case results show a discounted payback period of 2.4 years and 39.9% discounted cash flow rate of return, clearing typical investment thresholds. Finally, Australia’s helium resources and natural gas infrastructure were analysed for helium recovery opportunities not covered by other published surveys, with a pipeline compressor station in the Northern Territory identified as being equipped to generate a helium feedstock from the helium-rich Amadeus basin. Considered together, this study provides economic data relevant to industry worldwide, and explores specific options for Australia, as a natural gas producer and exporter, to increase its helium production capacity and thereby improve global helium supply security.

Salah ud din, Rehman Akhtar, Zubair Ahmad Khan et al.

Corrosion possess a major treat to long (several thousands of kilometers) pipeline infrastructure in Pakistan and is a key engineering concern. Construction of pipeline involves field wielded joint, wherein 3 layered poly-ethylene (3-LPE) protective layer is applied in a non-controlled environment involving many complexities. The risk factor is amplified by surface degradation (corrosion) and gas leakage, which is a major economic concern for various gas transmission and distribution industries. This research work is aimed at addressing the behavior of 3-LPE on the gas transmission line to avoid the pipe (substrate) surface from harsh environmental condition and longevity in service life. There is well published and known technique at lab for carrying out the application of 3-LPE on pipelines, but in field wielded joint, it is quiet challenging to achieve the equivalent bond strength of 3-LPE applied on the wielded joint due to certain factors. The current research is aimed at the application of 3-LPE followed by on site testing using peel test and other techniques. The field application of 3-LPE starts with surface preparation using cleaning and sand blasting, followed by FBE primer application onto substrate surface at elevated temperature and finally PE layer is applied. The strength and durability of the applied layer is measured using peel test. A regression analysis is performed using ANOVA to assess the durability, strength, and service life of 3-LPE on steel substrate, wherein three key factors were, i.e., surface preparation, pre-heat, and film thickness, were selected for investigation. Surface preparation is significantly important among the three, showing a value of 38.41%, followed by film thickness then pre-heat.

Bakhytzhan K. Khassanov

The article is devoted to the issues of subsidizing, which are very relevant in the light of recent discussions on improving the mechanisms of direct and implicit price subsidies. The paper discusses the issues of subsidizing of socially important goods, which include, for example, oil refinery products, liquefied gas and others, provides formulas for the amount of subsidies, determining the cost of subsidizing, the trader's margin from the exchange price. These calculations will contribute to the correct planning of regional budgets for subsidies.

Oghenerobor B. Akpor, Oluwafunto D. Akinwusi, Tolulope A. Ogunnusi

The use of biopesticides in pest management and pre-harvest disease and crop pest control have been advocated in recent years. This is because of their eco-friendliness and suitability for pest control in the agricultural industry. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial and pesticidal potential against sugar ant of metabolites produced by Bacillus species. The species were B. proteolyticus, B. thuringensis, B. cereus and B. subtilis. Metabolite production was carried out in batch experimental setup. The inoculated flasks were incubated in an incubator shaker for 120 h at temperature of 37 °C ± 2 °C. Metabolite extraction was carried out using the acid precipitation method. The crude metabolites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity of the metabolites was carried out both in agar and broth media while pesticidal potential was carried out using the diet-fed approach. All the metabolites showed antibacterial activity against the test pathogens used for investigation. This was irrespective of whether they were used singly or in combination. Generally, the rate of kill of the sugar ants by the respective metabolites was directly proportional to metabolite concentration in the diet. In the control diet setup with no added metabolite, no mortality was recorded throughout the period of incubation. The study findings gave an indication of the potential of these metabolites for possible control of phytopathogens.

Xinzhong Geng

Kausalya Tamalmani, Hazlina Husin

The pipeline system in the oil and gas industry is the heart for transportation of crude and refined petroleum. Nevertheless, continuous exposure of the pipeline surfaces to impurities and sources of corrosion such as sulfur and chromate is totally unavoidable. Vast employment of commercial corrosion inhibitors to minimize the corrosion is being restrained due to toxicity towards the environment. The emergence of “green” chemistry has led to the use of plant extracts and fruit wastes which have proven to be good corrosion inhibitors. This paper aims to provide insight into carrying out further investigation under this research theme for accurate inhibition efficiency measurement.

Biyuan SHUI

To further increase the knowledge and understanding of the pipeline industry to its intelligent development, the status and trend of intelligent industry at home and abroad were investigated and analyzed, the relevant applicationcases of intelligent pipeline abroad were collected, and the results of work carried out in the construction of intelligentpipeline network in China and the practice of intelligent pipeline engineering in China-Russia Eastern Gas Pipeline weresummarized. The construction of intelligent industry (including the intelligent pipeline network) at home and abroad isgenerally in the primary stage of development, of which the development direction focused on the Internet of Things, digitaltwins, robots, intelligent equipment diagnosis, industrial internet platform application and so on. At the same time, the overallideas of data unification, system integration and standardization development were proposed. On this basis, the overallsolution of intelligent pipeline network with comprehensive systems and engineering operability was proposed. The overallstructure of intelligent pipeline network was established based on the aspects of business, intelligence and capability, andthe specific contents of each aspect were clarified. Besides, the result-oriented basic model for capability maturity evaluationof intelligent pipeline network was also proposed. On the principle of "from simple to difficult, from point to surface, andfrom part to whole", the developing route of "automatization, intellectualization and platformization" was put forward to theintelligent pipeline network. Finally, the problems existing in the construction of intelligent pipeline network were analyzedin depth, and the targeted development strategy was put forward.

Shuxian Ye, Shuanjin Wang, Limiao Lin et al.

Fixation carbon dioxide into polymer is a feasible proposal to construct high value-added biodegradable plastic. These polymers are environmentally friendly and energy-saving owing to that the raw material is waste gas and finally they decompose back into CO2. This review mainly focuses on our group work of recent advancements on CO2-based copolymers, especially for poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC). We also extensively introduce the improvements on thermal and mechanical performances of PPC by physical and chemical modifications. Meanwhile, their practical application is further discussed in detail as well to replace the conventionally non-biodegradable plastics. The commercial PPC has already been found an enormous application prospect in versatile packaging industry. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Poly(propylene carbonate), Biodegradable plastic, Copolymerization, CO2-based polymer

Jinxing Song, Xianbo Su, Qian Wang et al.