Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Dr. Amany Nagy Abdel Aziz Assistant Professor of Metal Works Department of Artistic Works and Folklore Faculty of Art Education - Minia University

problem of the research came about how to produce three-dimensional metal crafts that were diverse in styles and decorations, inspired by the civilization of the ancient city (Tell el-Amarna) and consistent with the rules of work in overlay and parallel geometric perspective. The objectives of the research were to benefit from the surrounding environmental data of the Tell el-Amarna civilization in formulating innovative metal crafts. And employing these overlapping elements through parallel perspective in creating metal artifacts. The research concluded that the Amarna civilization has tremendous architectural value and is a rich source of communication with the artistic roots of the ancient Egyptian heritage and a creative basis for embodying the analytical-compositional idea of the work, and that the use of perspective as a method of engineering drawing has depth. It is real, has mass and occupies a space of space. The body of the metal work appears in its three dimensions as seen by the human eye and with multi-level superimposed surfaces. Overlay is a means of perspective to find new plastic sta

Nining Nur Alaini, Dede Hidayatullah, Saefuddin Saefuddin et al.

The Mbojo community in West Nusa Tenggara has a folklore entitled "Oi Wobo". Like fairy tales or myths that always contain messages, this "Oi Wobo" folklore reflects the values of the Mbojo community. This Oi Wobo story becomes important when we look back at why the Mbojo people feel the need to pass down and teach these values through folklore, and see whether the old concepts of ancestral heritage contained in the Oi Wobo story today can be contextualized or relevant to the challenges that exist today. Through semiotic studies and literary sociology conducted, it is known that Oi Wobo folklore, one of them, reveals values related to the concept of leader and leadership of the Mbojo community. The concept of leader and leadership of the Mbojo community reflected in the folklore "Oi Wobo" adheres to the concept of nggusu waru. From the studies that have been conducted, it can also be concluded that the concept of leadership of the Mbojo community, which is based on the philosophy of nggusu waru, can be recontextualized or relevant to today's leadership challenges. The ignorance and incomprehension of the Mbojo people towards these values causes that thenoble values related to leaders and leadership are not widely realized in today's leadership. Thus, this study is important so that the values of the noble ancestral heritage can be known, understood and reused to achieve a more quality community life.

Johan Benedikt Spille, Wilhelm Stannat

We consider the stochastic control of a semi-linear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) of McKean-Vlasov type. Based on a recent novel approach to the Lions derivative for Banach space valued functions, we prove the Gateaux differentiability of the control to state map and, using adjoint calculus, we derive explicit representations of the gradient of the cost functional and a Pontryagin maximum principle. On the way, we also prove a novel existence and uniqueness result for linear McKean-Vlasov backward SPDE. Furthermore, for deterministic controls, we prove the existence of optimal controls using a martingale approach and a novel compactness method. This result is complemented in the appendix with a rigorous proof of folklore results on the compactness method in the variational approach to SPDE. Our setting uses the variational approach to SPDE with monotone coefficients, allowing for a polynomial perturbation and allowing the drift and diffusion coefficients to depend on the state, the distribution of the state and the control.

César Barilla, Palaash Bhargava

How does the climatic experience of previous generations affect today's attention to environmental questions? Using self-reported beliefs and environmental themes in folklore, we show empirically that the realized intensity of deviations from typical climate conditions in ancestral generations influences how much descendants care about the environment. The effect exhibits a U-shape where more stable and more unstable ancestral climates lead to higher attention today, with a dip for intermediate realizations. We propose a theoretical framework where the value of costly attention to environmental conditions depends on the perceived stability of the environment, prior beliefs about which are shaped through cultural transmission by the experience of ethnic ancestors. The U-shape is rationalized by a double purpose of learning about the environment: optimal utilization of typical conditions and protection against extreme events.

Yerzhan Argynbayev

The dog, one of the first domesticated animals, played an important role in all epochs of history and found its place in every culture. Among the Kazakhs, the dog was considered one of the seven treasures, such as a faithful friend of man, a keeper of the house, a guard of four types of domestic animals, a shepherd and a hunter. In addition, the dog has become a part of social and cultural life and takes an important place in the traditions, beliefs, art and vocabulary of the Kazakh people. This study aims to define the origins of positive and negative attitudes towards dogs in Kazakh society and to identify their basic expressions in traditions and folk beliefs. In this article Kazakh traditions and folk beliefs are carefully considered, as well as a number of crafts in which superstitions and customs are associated with the concept of a dog. The results of this study show that in Kazakh culture a dog is not only a pet, but also a cultural symbol and mythological figure. Therefore, dogs have both positive and negative meanings in the collective consciousness of Kazakh society, as well as practical, ritual and mythological significance.

Alessio Figalli, Peter van Hintum, Marius Tiba

The Brunn-Minkowski inequality, applicable to bounded measurable sets $A$ and $B$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, states that $|A+B|^{1/d} \geq |A|^{1/d}+|B|^{1/d}$. Equality is achieved if and only if $A$ and $B$ are convex and homothetic sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The concept of stability in this context concerns how, when approaching equality, sets $A$ and $B$ are close to homothetic convex sets. In a recent breakthrough [FvHT23], the authors of this paper proved the following folklore conjectures on the sharp stability for the Brunn-Minkowski inequality: (1) A linear stability result concerning the distance from $A$ and $B$ to their respective convex hulls. (2) A quadratic stability result concerning the distance from $A$ and $B$ to their common convex hull. As announced in [FvHT23], in the present paper, we leverage (1) in conjunction with a novel optimal transportation approach to offer an alternative proof for (2).

Felix Joos, Marcus Kühn

Let $k\geq 2$ and fix a $k$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$. Consider the random process that, starting from a $k$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ on $n$ vertices, repeatedly deletes the edges of a copy of $\mathcal{F}$ chosen uniformly at random and terminates when no copies of $\mathcal{F}$ remain. Let $R(\mathcal{H},\mathcal{F})$ denote the number of edges that are left after termination. We show that $R(\mathcal{H},\mathcal{F})=n^{k-1/ρ\pm o(1)}$, where $ρ:=(\lvert E(\mathcal{F})\rvert-1)/(\lvert V(\mathcal{F})\rvert -k)$, holds with high probability provided that $\mathcal{F}$ is strictly $k$-balanced and $\mathcal{H}$ is sufficiently dense with pseudorandom properties. Since we may in particular choose $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{H}$ to be complete graphs, this confirms the major folklore conjecture in the area in a very strong form.

Steven Deckelman

The Dirichlet Principle is an approach to solving the Dirichlet problem by means of a Dirichlet energy integral. It is part of the folklore of mathematics that the genesis of this argument was motivated by physical analogy involving electrostatic fields. The story goes something like this: If an electrostatic potential is prescribed on the boundary of a region, it will extend to a potential in the interior of the region which is harmonic when the electric field is in stable equilibrium, and that electrostatic field has minimum Dirichlet energy. The details of this argument are seldom given and where they are, they are typically scant, redacted, and speculative while often omitting either physics details or mathematics details. The purpose of this article is to give a detailed reconstruction of the electrostatic argument by combining accounts in several contemporary and historical disparate sources. Particular attention is given to explaining the frequently omitted physics and mathematical details and how they fit together to give the physical motivation.

Shreedhar S. Otari, Suraj P. Devkar, Suraj B. Patel et al.

Bacopa floribunda (Family: Plantaginaceae) is used in folklore medicines for the management of cognitive dysfunction. It has nootropic, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and antioxidant properties. We developed an efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro propagation of B. floribunda using the nodal explants. We assessed the effects of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various plant growth regulatory substances (PGRs), a precursor, and elicitors and their optimal combinations on regeneration and production of total saponins, triterpenoid saponin glycosides (bacoside A3, bacopaside X, bacopaside II, and bacosaponin C), and stigmasterol content in in vitro grown biomass of B. floribunda. The growth of the shoots and roots was stimulated by MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l KIN and MS + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.5 mg/l IBA + 1.0 mg/l NAA, respectively. After 10 weeks of acclimatization, plantlets of B. floribunda had a survival rate of 95%. The highest total saponin content (35.95 ± 0.022 mg DE/g DW) was noted in the treatment of MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.5 μM SQ. Similarly, total triterpenoid saponin glycosides and stigmasterol were found maximum in biomass derived from MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.5 μM SQ and MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP, respectively. At the same treatments, bacoside A3 (1.01 ± 0.195 mg/g DW), bacopaside II (43.62 ± 0.657 mg/g DW), bacopaside X (1.23 ± 0.570 mg/g DW), bacosaponin C (0.19 ± 0.195 mg/g DW), and stigmasterol (7.69 ± 0.102 mg/g DW) were reported. The present findings will help to highlight B. floribunda as a potent memory-enhancing herb, and in future also, it could be a potential substitute to B. monnieri. The current work is the first to describe the micropropagation and the elicited production of bioactive metabolites from the in vitro grown biomass of B. floribunda. In addition, further research is needed on production of bioactives, their pharmacological effects, and the elicited production using callus, cell suspension, and hairy root cultures.

Ioniţă Raluca Dobre

Pablo de Sarasate was a famous violinist and composer of Spanish origin. In his creations, Sarasate highlighted to the maximum the technical and interpretative potential of the violin, composing both works for violin and orchestra (including fantasias on operatic themes) and musical miniatures for violin and piano. Sarasate’s musical language is mainly inspired by Spanish folklore.

Anna Kirzjuk

Italian translation of Siuzhet – ėto simptom? Kak fol’kloristy izuchaiut gorodskie legendy by Anna Kirziuk.

Ümüt Akagündüz

This study evaluates the historical significance of canaries in human history as well as their position in late Ottoman culture and daily life. The relationship, that people have developed with nature since hunter-gatherer societies, has evolved to its present state by becoming integrated with the advancement of civilization. The genus Serinus, to which the canaries belong, and which is one of the original examples of this bond, has been in the field of interest of human relations and communications since early times. However, the original Serinus genre of the Canary Islands, was transformed into a capitalist consumption commodity as a result of new geographic discoveries in the XV and XVI centuries. Curiosity regarding canaries and their trade was met with interest in the Ottoman society too. The bonds that the nomadic Turks formed with animals and birds influenced Seljuk and Ottoman cultural elements, making the canary a part of Ottoman daily life. It is noteworthy that this creature was reflected in literary texts, folkloric elements, books, and archive documents with various narratives, particularly in the last years of the Ottoman Empire. This study is a qualitative inquiry into the history of the Canaries and how they influenced Ottoman cultural life. The data of the study were obtained from documents, books, and articles from the late XIX and early XX centuries, including today’s literature. This study reveals that throughout the course of human history, canaries have been subjected to cultural, economic, and aesthetic definitions and perceptions.

Harrison Goldstein, Benjamin C. Pierce

"A generator is a parser of randomness." This perspective on generators for random data structures is well established as folklore in the programming languages community, but it has apparently never been formalized, nor have its consequences been deeply explored. We present free generators, which unify parsing and generation using a common structure that makes the relationship between the two concepts precise. Free generators lead naturally to a proof that a large class of generators can be factored into a parser plus a distribution over choice sequences. Further, free generators support a notion of derivative, analogous to familiar Brzozowski derivatives of formal languages, that allows analysis tools to "preview" the effect of a particular generator choice. This, in turn, gives rise to a novel algorithm for generating data structures satisfying user-specified preconditions.

Ian Gleason, Dong Gyu Lim, Yujie Xu

We compute the connected components of arbitrary parahoric level affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties and local Shimura varieties, thus resolving a folklore conjecture in full generality (even for non-quasisplit groups). We achieve this by relating them to the connected components of infinite level moduli spaces of p-adic shtukas, where we use v-sheaf-theoretic techniques such as the specialization map of kimberlites. Along the way, we give a p-adic Hodge-theoretic characterization of HN-irreducibility. As applications, we obtain many results on the geometry of integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type at arbitrary stabilizer-parahoric levels. In particular, we deduce new CM lifting results on integral models of Shimura varieties for quasisplit groups at parahoric levels that arise as stabilizer Bruhat-Tits group schemes.

Huijun Fan, Tian Lan, Zongrui Yang

For a nondegenerate homogeneous polynomial $f\in\mathbb{C}[z_0, \dots, z_{n+1}]$ with degree $n+2$, we can obtain a $tt^*$ structure from the Landau-Ginzburg model $(\C^{n+2}, f)$ and a (new) $tt^*$ structure on the Calabi-Yau hypersurface defined by the zero locus of $f$ in $\C P^{n+1}$. We can prove that the big residue map considered by Steenbrink gives an isomorphism between the two $tt^*$ structures. We also build the correspondence for non-Calabi-Yau cases, and it turns out that only partial structure can be preserved. As an application, we show that the $tt^*$ geometry structure of Landau-Ginzburg model on relavant deformation space uniquely determines the $tt^*$ geometry structure on Calabi-Yau side. This explains the folklore conclusion in physical literature. This result is based on our early work \cite{FLY}.

Labi Hadji Sarip Riwarung

This inquiry on the Islamic manuscripts intends to illuminate the rich artistic and intellectual writing traditions of the Meranaw Muslims in the Philippines. These Meranaw manuscripts play an important role in guiding people’s lives as a source of religious knowledge that reflects people’s thoughts and aspirations. Moreover, these manuscripts are additionally an important source of knowledge in understanding people’s culture, history, and relationships with other nations, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, and more. These manuscripts are handwritten in Arabic script called batang a Arab or in Jawi or kirim. Some of these manuscripts are the handwritten Qur’an, kisas (Islamic stories), prayer scrolls, medicinal manuscripts or mga bolongs, book of kakasi (book of charms), and the ilmo extreme unction and other Islamic manuscripts of importance to the Meranaw. There are also Islamic manuscripts that are written in stencil and printed like the Parokonan, the introductory guide to prayer, Alipalipan ( a book for beginners of the Arabic alphabet), Mawlid/ Barsindi (the devotional song about Prophet Muhammad (P.U.H)), Taabir Mimpi (the book of prophecy), qira’a, Sarf, and Tajwid. To the Meranaws, manuscripts are family belongings with great personal value. They are a family treasure handed down from generation to generation and strictly guarded with great care. Families cover the manuscripts with cloth or skin of an animal for protection and lock them in a chest so that they will be accessed only by their family. This research paper presents the Islamic Manuscript of the Meranaw, describes its characteristics and contents to explain the tremendous value to the Meranaw Society, hence the richness of the archival libraries mentioned.

Lenka Mihová

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Syarif Hidayatullah

Identitas religiositas masyarakat Betawi begitu kental yang dapat dilihat dalam perayaan-perayaan budayanya. Faktor ini salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh tradisi sastra lisan yang berkembang di masyarakat Betawi yang memunculkan religiositas masyarakatnya sehingga menjadi alat pembelajaran bagi generasi penerusnya. Dalam upaya tersebut penelitian ini berupaya untuk menganalisis religiositas masyarakat Betawi dalam folklor, khususnya dalam cerita rakyat. Untuk itu, metode yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari Cerita Rakyat Betawi I dan Cerita Rakyat Betawi II. Data tersebut kemudian diolah dengan tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, model data, dan penarikan/verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bentuk religiositas masyarakat Betawi berupa kepercayaan, praktik beragama, perasaan religius, pengetahuan religius, dan efek religius. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Betawi memiliki kematangan religiositas yang tinggi terhadap kepercayaan yang dianutnya. The religiosity identity of the Betawi community is so thick that it can be seen in its cultural celebrations. This factor is one of them influenced by oral literary traditions that developed in the Betawi community which gave rise to the religiosity of the community so that it became a learning tool for the next generation. In this effort this research attempts to analyze the religiosity of the Betawi community in folklore, especially in prose (folklore). For this reason, the method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data comes from Cerita Rakyat Betawi I and Cerita Rakyat Betawi II. The data is then processed in three stages, namely data reduction, data model, and withdrawal / verification conclusions. The results of this study show the form of religiosity of the Betawi community in the form of religious belifes, religious practices, religious feeling, religious knowledge, and religious effects. Based on this, it can be concluded that the Betawi community has a high religiosity maturity towards the beliefs it adheres to. Keywords: religiosity, Betawi society, folklore

Hector Pasten

A celebrated result by M. Davis, H. Putnam, J. Robinson, and Y. Matiyasevich shows that a set of integers is listable if and only if it is positive existentially definable in the language of arithmetic. We investigate analogues of this result over structures endowed with a listable presentation. When such an analogue holds, the structure is said to have the DPRM property. We prove several results addressing foundational aspects around this problem, such as uniqueness of the listable presentation, transference of the DPRM property under interpretation, and its relation with positive existential bi-interpretability. A first application of our results is the rigorous proof of (strong versions of) several folklore facts regarding transference of the DPRM property. Another application of the theory we develop is that it will allow us to link various Diophantine conjectures to the question of whether the DPRM property holds for global fields. This last topic includes a study of the number of existential quantifiers needed to define a Diophantine set.

Ksenia Viktorovna Osipova

This article analyses names of oatmeal chowder, which were part of the traditional peasant diet of the Russian North and were valued as nutritious and easy to cook. The article is based on dialect material of Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions. The author refers to published lexicographic sources, as well as to lexicographic files of the Russian North Dialects Dictionary and the Ural Federal University Toponymic Expedition. The ethnolinguistic research carried out includes a semantic and motivational analysis of the vocabulary, its areal characteristics, interpretation of folklore and action-based cultural forms. The author emphasises the peculiarities of cooking and eating oatmeal and highlights the main motivational models of this lexical group. The word дежéнь widely used in the Russian North in the meaning of “liquid flour dish” is an archaic form that has preserved its original semantics. The following features are reflected in the motivational patterns of oatmeal chowder nominations: the dish does not require cooking (сыровéга, суровéга), it is prepared from dry ingredients by kneading or beating (сухомéс, тяпу́шка, мятúшка), has viscous consistency (хлпа), is prepared with raw or cold water (сиверу́ха). The motivational models identified help clarify the etymology of such words as шуроéга (and other phonetic and derivational variants), шúпель, заепéря, птево, сиверу́ха, тóкра, etc.: most of the lexemes belong to the original Russian vocabulary; the words лу́да and тóкра are borrowed from the Finno-Ugric languages. The main ceremonial functions of dishes made of oatmeal chowder were related to harvest ceremonies (cf. хлпа ‘dezhen’, ‘celebration at the end of the harvest’): dezhen symbolised the harvest, satiety and prosperity of the coming autumn-winter period.