Hasil untuk "Electronics"

F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, Weiping Wu et al.

We demonstrate inkjet printing as a viable method for large-area fabrication of graphene devices. We produce a graphene-based ink by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite in N-methylpyrrolidone. We use it to print thin-film transistors, with mobilities up to ∼95 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), as well as transparent and conductive patterns, with ∼80% transmittance and ∼30 kΩ/□ sheet resistance. This paves the way to all-printed, flexible, and transparent graphene devices on arbitrary substrates.

Marco Liserre, T. Sauter, J. Hung

Zheng Yang, C. Ko, S. Ramanathan

A. Nathan, A. Ahnood, M. Cole et al.

W. Yeo, Yun-Soung Kim, Jongwoo Lee et al.

P. Avouris, J. Appenzeller, R. Martel et al.

We briefly review the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and present results on the fabrication and characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) and simple integrated circuits. A novel approach allowing the catalyst-free synthesis of oriented CNTs is also presented.

Ned Mohan, Tore Undeland, William P. Robbins

L. Marton, G. Weiss

J. Gow, C. D. Manning

Jae‐Woong Jeong, W. Yeo, Aadeel Akhtar et al.

Huai Wang, Marco Liserre, F. Blaabjerg et al.

Power electronics has progressively gained an important status in power generation, distribution, and consumption. With more than 70% of electricity processed through power electronics, recent research endeavors to improve the reliability of power electronic systems to comply with more stringent constraints on cost, safety, and availability in various applications. This paper serves to give an overview of the major aspects of reliability in power electronics and to address the future trends in this multidisciplinary research direction. The ongoing paradigm shift in reliability research is presented first. Then, the three major aspects of power electronics reliability are discussed, respectively, which cover physics-of-failure analysis of critical power electronic components, state-of-the-art design for reliability process and robustness validation, and intelligent control and condition monitoring to achieve improved reliability under operation. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for achieving more reliable power electronic systems in the future are discussed.

D. Lembke, Simone Bertolazzi, A. Kis

Sang Jin Kim, Kyoungjun Choi, Bora Lee et al.

Caizhi Liao, Meng Zhang, M. Yao et al.

Hongkyu Kang, Suhyun Jung, Soyeong Jeong et al.

Despite nearly two decades of research, the absence of ideal flexible and transparent electrodes has been the largest obstacle in realizing flexible and printable electronics for future technologies. Here we report the fabrication of ‘polymer-metal hybrid electrodes’ with high-performance properties, including a bending radius 95% and a sheet resistance 95%.

Chadi Nohra, Bechara Nehme, Raymond Ghandour et al.

The integration of communication networks into modern power systems introduces variable time delays that degrade the performance of traditional Load Frequency Control (LFC), while the shift towards renewable energy sources increases system vulnerability through parametric uncertainties. Existing methods, predominantly based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functionals, involve a complexity&#x2013;conservatism trade-off and may not provide a unified and tractable solution for this multi-domain robustness challenge. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a novel control framework based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-analysis. The methodology models communication delays as structured uncertainties using a Pad&#x00E9; approximation and integrates them with parametric variations within a unified <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-synthesis design process. A detailed comparative analysis indicates that unlike Lyapunov-based approaches, which require guaranteeing system smoothness at every delay subinterval, the proposed method efficiently stabilizes the system under the worst-case conditions, quantified by the structured singular value. Simulation results demonstrate improved robustness compared to conventional H<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> control under concurrent delay and parametric uncertainties. While the conventional H<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller exhibits degraded stability margins when delays exceed 15 ms, the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-synthesis controller maintains stability and performance under extreme concurrent disturbances, including time-varying delays of 0.5&#x2013;5 s, 40% load changes, and over 80% variation in tie-line reactance and turbine-governor time constants. The proposed controller drives the Area Control Error (ACE) below 0.01 pu within two minutes for a 40% load change under these conditions. These results indicate that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-analysis provides a systematic framework for achieving multi-domain robustness in Load Frequency Control under large simultaneous uncertainties.

N. Khan, Y. Hua, I. Xiotidis et al.

HPgTPCs have benefits such as low energy threshold, magnetisability, and 4$π$ acceptance, making them ideal for neutrino experiments such as DUNE. We present the design of an FPGA-based solution optimised for ND-GAr, which is part of the Phase-II more capable near detector for DUNE. These electronics reduce the cost significantly compared to using collider readout electronics which are typically designed for much higher occupancy and therefore, for example, need much larger numbers of FPGAs and power per channel. We demonstrate the performance of our electronics with the TOAD at Fermilab in the US at a range of pressures and gas mixtures up to 4.5barA, reading out ~10000 channels from a multi-wire proportional chamber. The operation took place between April and July of 2024. We measure the noise characteristics of the system to be sufficiently low and we identify sources of noise that can be further mitigated in the next iteration. We also note that the cooling scheme used in the test requires improvement before full-scale deployment. Despite these necessary improvements, we show that the system can fulfil the needs of a HPgTPC for a fraction of the price of collider readout electronics.

Uddhav Bhattarai, Rajkishan Arikapudi, Chen Peng et al.

High-resolution yield maps for manually harvested crops are impractical to generate on commercial scales because yield monitors are available only for mechanical harvesters. However, precision crop management relies on accurately determining spatial and temporal yield variability. This study presents the development of an integrated system for precision yield estimation and mapping for manually harvested strawberries. Conventional strawberry picking carts were instrumented with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and load cells to record real-time geo-tagged harvest data and cart motion. Extensive data were collected in two strawberry fields in California, USA, during a harvest season. To address the inconsistencies and errors caused by the sensors and the manual harvesting process, a robust data processing pipeline was developed by integrating supervised deep learning models with unsupervised algorithms. The pipeline was used to estimate the yield distribution and generate yield maps for season-long harvests at the desired grid resolution. The estimated yield distributions were used to calculate two metrics: the total mass harvested over specific row segments and the total mass of trays harvested. The metrics were compared to ground truth and achieved accuracies of 90.48% and 94.05%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of the estimated yield based on the number of trays harvested per cart for season-long harvest was better than 94%. It showed a strong correlation (Pearson r = 0.99) with the actual number of counted trays in both fields. The proposed system provides a scalable and practical solution for specialty crops, assisting in efficient yield estimation and mapping, field management, and labor management for sustainable crop production.

Peidi Song, Alexandros Daglis, Michael Filler et al.

Advances in fabrication technology have enabled modularizing electronic components at the micro- or nano-scale and composing these modules on demand into larger circuits. Micromodular and nanomodular electronics (ME and NE) open a new design space in electronics, promising a degree of flexibility, extensibility, and accessibility far superior to traditional monolithic methods. ME/NE leverage a multi-stage process of initial imprecise component deposition, followed by precise wire printing to compose them into a circuit. Due to imperfections in deposition, each circuit instance has a unique layout with its own component placement and wire routing solutions, putting the design automation process on the critical path. Moreover, high-performance nanomodular components enable the synthesis of larger heterogeneous circuits than traditional printed electronics, requiring more scalable algorithms. ME/NE thus introduce a tradeoff between the time-to-solution for placement/routing algorithms and the resulting total wire length, with the latter dictating circuit printing time. We explore this tradeoff by adapting standard partitioning, floorplanning, placement, and routing algorithms to the unique characteristics of ME/NE. Our evaluations demonstrate significant optimization headroom in different dimensions. For example, our tunable algorithms can deliver a $108\times$ improvement in end-to-end manufacturing time at the cost of $21\%$ increase in total wire length. Conversely, circuit quality/performance can be prioritized at the cost of increased manufacturing time, highlighting the value of the ability to dynamically navigate the tradeoff space according to the primary optimization metric.

Alejandro Yankelevich

ICEBERG is a liquid argon time projection chamber at Fermilab for the purpose of testing detector components and software for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The detector features a 1.15m x 1m anode plane following the specifications of the DUNE horizontal drift far detector and a newly installed X-ARAPUCA photodetector. The status of ICEBERG is reported along with analysis of noise, pulser, and cosmic ray data from the ninth run beginning May 2024 with the goal of advising the DUNE collaboration on the optimal wire readout electronics configuration. In addition, development of an absolute energy scale calibration method is currently underway using known sources such as cosmic ray muon Michel electrons at the ~10 MeV scale and $^{39}$Ar decay electrons at the ~100keV scale. Research into AI-based identification of such events at the data acquisition level is introduced.