Hasil untuk "Communication. Mass media"

M. Dahlstrom

F. Elkin, E. Katz, P. Lazarsfeld et al.

M. Defleur, S. Ball-Rokeach

S. Baran, D. K. Davis

Ana Pérez-Escoda, Cristina Ruiz-Poveda

Information consumption by young audiences in the internet of algorithms has become a timely issue in the public sphere. This comparative study examines media consumption among generation Z and their perceptions of news and misinformation from an international perspective. More precisely, this article explores the types of information young people consume, the media outlets they prefer for information, whether they prefer receiving information selected by algorithms, the credibility they grant different outlets, and their reception and perception of fake news. The methodological design was based on a quantitative approach focusing on descriptive and correlational analysis. Using a questionnaire, data were collected from a total sample of 405 university students from three countries: Spain, the United States, and Portugal. The results show that, across the three counties, the sample is predominantly informed by digital media and consumes mainly information on leisure and entertainment, humor and memes, music, and news. Reportedly, fake news does not appear to be a significant factor in their information consumption. This study reveals new, paradoxical findings about media credibility and the perception of fake news among generation Z. In the three countries, subjects report that their most used media outlets for information are also the least trusted: social media and websites. There are significant differences by country regarding the extent do young people like to receive information chosen by algorithms. Overall, while the study detects significant differences across countries, it also hints at a degree of homogenization in media consumption habits worldwide.

Julinda Molares-Cardoso, Vicente Badenes-Plá, Carmen Maiz-Bar

La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando los espacios creativos de la sociedad. Algunas investigaciones creen que la IA puede ser creativa, al analizar grandes cantidades de datos y aprender de ellos, mientras que otras sostienen que genera ideas basadas en patrones existentes, lo que plantea interrogantes sobre su verdadero potencial creativo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si la IA puede ser igual de creativa que los alumnos de un grado de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas especializados en esta área. La metodología empleada consistió en un experimento de carácter mixto donde se utilizó un ejercicio creativo verbal. Una vez los estudiantes realizaron la prueba, se utilizó la plataforma Poe.com para evaluar la creatividad de los chatbots ChatGPT, Claude-instant y Dragonfly, siguiendo las mismas instrucciones dadas a los alumnos. Las conclusiones ponen de manifiesto que los sistemas de inteligencia artificial todavía no pueden competir con la capacidad creativa de una persona. Tanto los resultados de carácter cuantitativo como los de carácter cualitativo revelan que, aunque la IA puede potenciar las capacidades humanas, no puede reemplazarlas. Los chatbots mostraron limitaciones para comprender las sutilezas del lenguaje, generar conceptos nuevos, aplicar síntesis y desarrollar un pensamiento lateral. La IA puede repetir patrones existentes, pero no puede replicar la complejidad y riqueza de la creatividad humana ni puede establecer conexiones emocionales con los temas.

José Luis Piñuel Raigada, Jaime López Díez

Analizado el discurso televisivo durante 2021 a través de una muestra representativa de registros extraídos de cadenas de TV, se revela la configuración que, en la pandemia, ajustó la mediación dialéctica entre comunicación televisiva y capital cognitivo disponible para la resiliencia ante el Cambio Climático. Este estudio se origina en informes que en colaboración con ECODES y financiación del Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, realiza el Observatorio de la Comunicación Mediática del Cambio Climático en su sede del Grupo de Investigación MDCS, de la UCM. El análisis desveló cómo se comunicaron las causas, los impactos, los proyectos de mitigación y adaptación ante los efectos del cambio climático, y la identidad de quienes toman la palabra y/o son aludidos. Se confirma la hegemonía discursiva de mediadores (periodistas) y políticos, en detrimento de los científicos, y se promueve mejorar la comunicación para la resiliencia ante el cambio climático.

Communicare

Içten Duygu Ozbek, Huriye Toker

Turkey, which has a rich cultural mosaic, consists of the combination of many ‘Others’, including cultural, religious and ethnic the ‘Others’; the ‘Other’ as a gender role; as refugees, emigrants, etc. In such a multicultural climate, our research aim is to identify the stereotypes that represent the ‘Other’ in TV advertisements on Turkey’s mainstream channels. For this purpose, we examined 101 prime-time TV commercials that were broadcast on the five most watched mainstream TV channels between September and December 2020. Having conducted the quantitative and qualitative content analysis of TV commercials, we revealed the symbolic annihilation of the ‘Others’ in the Turkish advertising environment, which is accordance with the conservative perception of the country. In line with the international research, we came to the conclusion that the white Turkish men with medium-high socioeconomic status were heavily represented in the prime-time Turkish TV advertising. Nevertheless, it was also revealed that gendered visibility of the others as well as women portrayals were considered only as the ‘Other’ in the Turkish TV ads. Besides, our research findings overwhelmingly reflect the hegemonic culture and highly traditional views on gender roles.

Saadia Ranginwala, A. Towbin

Marco Clemente, C. Gabbioneta

Despite the importance that the media has in regard to influencing people’s perceptions of wrongdoing, organizational scholars have paid little attention to how the media reports wrongdoing. This article starts to address this gap by considering how the media frames corporate scandals. We empirically examine how four different German newspapers reported on the Volkswagen diesel scandal. We inductively identify the constitutive elements of a general corporate scandal frame. Then, we analyze how each newspaper framed the scandal through combinations of different elements. We identify from our dataset four frames of corporate scandals that newspapers applied: legalistic, contextual, reputational, and scapegoating. Our article testifies to the importance of cross-fertilization between research on mass communication and political science on one side, and organizational research on the other side and, more generally, it calls for more attention to be given to the media in the study of scandals and organizational wrongdoing.

Husnul Khatimah

Mass media has an important position in people's lives, so mass media is placed as mass communication which acts as a communicator and agent of change, being a pioneer of change in the public environment that can influence audiences through messages such as information, entertainment, education and other messages and accessible to the public at large. As a form of the importance of media can be seen from the influence felt by the public, starting from the cognitive, effective, to conative aspects of the mass media and the negative-positive impact of social media. Even though the position and role of the media are very important, the community must also be careful with media remember that the nature of the media is so flexible. Negative values ​​of the role of the media in Indonesia can occur either from the mass media or social media, so there needs to be attention from each party, both from the media manager to the community itself. The participation of several parties in paying attention to the media is expected to filter out negative things that might occur.

D. Teoh

The Fogg theory of mass interpersonal communication suggests that social media has the ability to combine the credibility of interpersonal persuasion with mass media, resulting in a desired attitude or behavior among a large group of people. Although social media can be a very effective way of communicating health recommendations, they can also be used to spread incorrect information (a.k.a., fake news). Content analyses of social media show a mix of positive and negative messaging regarding vaccination against HPV, and sentiment may vary by social media site. Positive messages are more likely to appeal to logic, citing facts and statistics, whereas negative messages are more likely to use personal stories to appeal to emotions. An ecologic study has shown a correlation between the predominant HPV vaccine sentiment in a state and statewide HPV vaccine coverage, suggesting social media messaging has the ability to influence HPV vaccination decisions.

Thomas Poell, J. Dijck

Dedi Kusuma Habibie

Mass media should provide constructive information in order to full fill its function as a tool for developing nations. However, mass media usually face a conflict of interest in doing the role, for example in the Indonesian case there is a strong political economy interest of media owner that limiting media’s role as political control. This study sees those is a crucial problem of Indonesian media as it will decrease the quality of Indonesian media and as the consequences, it will lose public trust. By using descriptive qualitative method this article doing a theoretical review to explain the role of Indonesian media in the political communication and how the media doing their role as information and political channel in the political communication process. This study suggests the media do a role called ‘dwifungsi media’ that suggest media to do its function comprehensively.

E. Susanto

Communication and information technology development makes it easier for interaction between individuals and groups. Message and news traffic are not fully controlled by the state, but are free to flow to public. Therefore, social media that have power to disseminate information, be an option to influence, motivate, and perform actions desired by message spreaders. At the same time, dominance of mainstream mass media is fading away. This study aims to: (1) describe social media users without socioeconomic and political differences, (2) analyze social media and mass media efforts to reach audiences, (3) observe social media as a supporter of political communication networks in democracy state. This study, using qualitative methods to provide a holistic picture of social media in relation to the political communication network utilized by individuals, groups and various political entities. The results of this study are, users of social media are not bound by social, economic and political status;  Social media and mainstream mass media have different characters in spreading messages to audiences; And social media is a supporting of political communication network in democracy of the state.

R. Hobbs, Sait Tuzel

Educators have a variety of beliefs and attitudes about the best ways to support students' critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration skills by connecting the classroom to contemporary society, mass media and popular culture. Teachers who advance digital and media literacy may have a complex set of attitudes and habits of mind that influence their motivations to use digital media for learning. We conducted a survey research with a sample of 2820 Turkish educators to examine teachers' motivations for digital learning, using a 48-item Likert scale instrument that assesses teachers' perception of the value and relevance of six conceptual themes, namely: attitudes toward technology tools, genres and formats; message content and quality; community connectedness; texts and audiences; media systems; and learner-centered focus. Digital learning motivation profiles reveal distinctive identity positions of social science, language arts and information and communication technology (ICT) teachers in Turkey. The most common profiles include the identity positions of 'Techie,' 'Demystifier' and 'Tastemaker.' Statistically significant associations were found between teachers' subject-area specialization and their digital learning motivation profiles. Professional development programs should assess teachers' digital learning motivation profiles and build learning experiences that expand upon the strengths of teachers' beliefs and the conceptual themes of most importance to them. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. L. Nelson

Ever since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the term “fake news” has become seemingly inescapable. Because the term lacks a consensus definition, it increasingly operates as a stand-in for whatever someone finds most alarming within today’s news media environment. It’s been used on Twitter by politicians to denounce credible yet embarrassing news stories, and by wary journalists to refer to serial news fabricators. Complicating matters further is the fact that concern about fake news currently outweighs empirical research into both its production and impact. Consequently, it’s a term that provokes alarm and confusion, making it one in dire need of a comprehensive review. That is a long way of saying that Misinformation and Mass Audiences could not have come along at a better time. The book, edited by Brian G. Southwell, Emily A. Thorson, and Laura Sheble, offers a wide variety of perspectives on fake news from a thoughtfully assembled, interdisciplinary group of scholars. These disciplines include communication research, public health, psychology, political science, environmental studies, and information science. Considering the gulf between how little we know about the causes and effects of fake news and the seemingly universal panic over its influence on everything from journalism to democracy, it is enormously helpful to have these insights from a variety of backgrounds and methodologies collected into a single volume. There are a number of other smart decisions the editors of and authors within this collection have made: first, as is apparent by its title, the term “fake news” rarely appears at all. In its place is “misinformation.” This may seem like an inconsequential distinction (and who knows, maybe it wasn’t even intentional), but it isn’t. Forgoing the more fashionable term for the more timeless “misinformation” allows

C. Fuchs

Thirty years ago, Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman published their book Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media (1988). The World Wide Web had not yet been invented and internet use was neither common nor widespread. Today, notions of propaganda are not widely shard and tend to sound strange to our ears. Also the notion of the mass media has been replaced by speaking of the media in general, which is due to the fact that digital media, such as the internet, have integrated interpersonal communication, group communication, organisational communication and public communication at the level of society in one communication technology. In this contemporary age of digital and social media, it is time to revisit and reassess Herman and Chomsky’s Propaganda Model (PM). This chapter begins with reflections on concepts of propaganda and its relation to ideology. It then focuses on aspects of the Model and relates them to the realm of the internet: size/ownership/profit-orientation, advertising, powerful information sources, flak, and anti-communism. The PM reminds us of the importance of thinking critically about capitalism’s dominant political economy and ideologies when we analyse the internet today. Given the power of companies such as Google and Facebook, we must consider the role of new monopolies, digital labour, targeted advertising, asymmetric attention and visibility, and online ideologies when critically analysing digital capitalism.

H. Tran, J. Corner