Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Yasmin Y. Ortiga, Roderick Galam

This article examines skill as an integral yet understudied aspect of emigration governance. To date, migration studies have mainly focused on how the demand for migrant skills drive people's movements across borders, shaping the conditions for entry into popular destinations in the West. In contrast, less is known as to how skills also shape the way governments manage emigration, pushing would-be migrants to acquire certain capacities well before they leave their countries of origin. Drawing from the case of the Philippines, this article discusses how state agencies have used skills training to dominate specific markets for migrant professionals and demand higher wages for Filipino workers abroad. Yet, this emphasis on skilling has also worsened existing inequalities within the country, creating social problems that state officials are unable to fully address and control. We argue that such issues stem from the private schools and training companies who dominate skills provision for aspiring migrants. Such actors remain largely overlooked in current scholarship, despite their increasing influence on workers’ migration trajectories. This paper highlights the challenges of producing workers for labor markets beyond borders, as well as its implications on how we understand migration governance as a whole.

Andrew Wright Hurley

As I write this, the world seems to be in a more precarious position than it was 30 years ago, when the Bachelor of Arts in International Studies (BAIS) at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) was established. In 1994, the Cold War appeared to have come to an end. That year an Accord was signed between Israel and Palestine, and Yasir Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize. The discourse around global climate crisis had not yet emerged. The sharpened international geopolitical situation since 1994 cannot be sheeted home to our program, of course. But in 2024 the need for graduates with the skills, insights and cultural intelligence that language and culture learning and an immersive overseas experience gives—that our international studies students possess in spades—has clearly not diminished, hence the evolution of the BAIS into the Bachelor of International Studies and its exciting new options for international education.

Susanne Urban, Emma Holmqvist, Vedran Omanović

Policies for refugees’ settlement, housing, and employment are usually not formulated or analyzed in relation to each other. This study aims to address the dialectical relationship among settlement, housing, and labor market activation policies for refugees. To do this, we draw on Benson’s (see Benson 1977; 1983) conceptualization of the dialectical perspective and its four interconnected principles (social construction/production, context, contradiction, and praxis) and employ this approach at two critical moments when Swedish policies on housing and employment for refugees were significantly reorganized. Overall, the organization of the settlement and inclusion of refugees in terms of housing and employment produces intentional and unintentional contradictions with several possible outcomes. The actual outcomes show that some contradictions and paradoxes among the various spheres and geographical levels have not been resolved by state policy reorganization (decentralization or centralization).

Rafael Buhigas Jiménez

Romani Studies in Spain has yet to reach a satisfactory degree of development and faces many limitations within the Spanish  Academy. To demonstrate this issue at hand, we will start with a special case: the challenge of writing the history of Roma as a Romani historian. Reconstructing Romani history and memory are fundamental tasks to encourage inclusion, but carrying out these tasks is challenging due to the negative views of a non-Romani scientific society weighed down by a legacy of stereotypes,  epistemological limits, and scientific racism. Roma naively have been scrutinised from a colonial point of view – where both conscious and unconscious objectives knit together to excuse negative representations associated with Romani populations.  Starting from the author’s recent experience as a Romani historian, this article aims to account for racism within the Spanish academy.  It also intends to discuss benefits in the social and human sciences of situating Romani thought within a larger creation and dissemination of knowledge. 

Messulam, Federica

Nacima Baron

Khadija Yahya, María Silvestre Cabrera

En un mundo globalizado, las personas cualificadas son cada vez más solicitadas en todos sitios. Estamos asistiendo a un fenómeno que, según algunos estudiosos, beneficia a los países del norte y perjudica a los del sur. Por ello, algunos de estos últimos países han implementado políticas para incentivar la movilidad y la transferencia de la tecnología y del saber de la diáspora cualificada. Marruecos es uno de los países conscientes de los perjuicios de este fenómeno y ha procedido a la implementación de políticas, a través de la creación de organismos estatales e instituciones, para promover los vínculos con su diáspora y hacer de ella un instrumento de desarrollo del país de origen, así como para construir y consolidar puentes con las redes de la diáspora con el fin de que puedan contribuir al desarrollo de Marruecos.

Carmen Gregorio Gil

Constituye este artículo un análisis crítico de los diferentes modelos teóricos aplicados al estudio de las migraciones desde la perspectiva de la Antropología del género.

Jasna Čapo

The article analyses certain aspects of the exceptional migration process unfolding in Europe from the middle of September to the beginning of November, 2015. It focuses on analysis of managing that migration in Croatia through the presentation of the functioning of the reception (and transit) centre at Opatovac. A qualitative ethnographic and anthropological research approach has been applied. The ethnographic perspective offers a complex view of responses to the events, pointing out the paradoxes in refugee reception and transit migration management in Croatia. It is established that there are constant contradictions contained in the nexus of security and humanitarian demands in the migration process management, these largely coming to the fore because of a lack of international co-operation and a firm stance and common policy on the part of the EU. In that way, the EU has contributed to the deepening of the humanitarian migration crisis, but also demonstrated its deep value crisis.

Marie Glon

Chorégraphie ou l’art de décrire la dance, published in Paris in 1700, presents a scriptural art allowing to establish “dances in characters” (the equivalent, for dance, of musical scores). A careful study of the documents related to this scriptural art reveals the circulations of those dances in characters: for the dancing masters resorting to it, Chorégraphie was becoming a kind of written lingua franca, contributing to the formation of an European choreographic network, within which dances, written works and inventions circulate.

Pablo Benlloch

Clara Cortina, Albert Esteve, Andreu Domingo

The dramatic growth of international immigration in Spain during the last decade has considerably increased the number of marriages with at least one foreign national. Between 1989 and 2004, the proportion of these marriages increased from 4% to12%, totalling 25.618 unions in 2004. However, marriage patterns of foreign nationals have attracted little attention among researcher spartly because of the small number of cases that were available until recently. Within this context, this paper examines the growth and demographic patterns of marriages of foreign populationin Spain, compared to those of only Spanish nationals, taking into account the age at marriage, type of union (religious or civil),first and later order of marriages, and degree of endogamy. We use microdata from the Spanish vital statistics on marriages (Movimiento Natural de la Población) between 1989 and 2004. Results show that marriages of foreign population in Spain, particularly those that involve one Spanish partner, present some distinct characteristics, in particular associated with gender, in contrast to those marriages that only involve Spanish nationals.

Alejandro Portes, Patricia Fernández-Kelly

After reviewing the existing literature on second generation adaptation, the paper presents evidence of the process of segmented assimilation on the basis of the latest data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). This evidence serves as a backdrop for the analysis of determinants of educational and occupational achievement among second generation youths who grow up under conditions of severe disadvantage. Based on interviews with a sample of fifty CILS respondents and their families, the analysis identifies four key causal mechanisms that are common to these «success stories» and that offer the basis for theoretical refinements on how the process of second generation adaptation actually unfolds and for policies to address the needs and aspirations of the most disadvantaged members of this population

Gloria Alejandra Guarnizo Luna

Este artigo mostra os embates entre associações preservacionistas que tem denunciado a ocupação de forma desordenada e a conseqüente destruição da orla marítima no município de Itajaí (SC); as empresas do ramo imobiliário; e o poder público. Estes embates têm início nas últimas décadas do século XX, e se acirram com a pressão de empreiteiros e empresários para a liberação destas áreas de preservação e a construção de empreendimentos imobiliários de luxo nas praias do município de Itajaí(SC). Analisa os discursos que aparecem nas mídias contemporâneos sobre a Praia Brava e o Canto do Morcego, e as relações, denúncias e envolvimento das associações, no Tempo Presente.

Ivan Lajić, Sanja Klempić Bogadi

Demographic development of Gorski Kotar has largely been a reflection of unfavourable natural-geographic and socio-economic circumstances, which had impelled emigration of the population from this region already by the end of the 19th century, and this process has not stopped till nowadays. The decrease in the total number of inhabitants has been strongly influenced by decades of emigration. Since the 1960s, negative natural movements have significantly contributed to total depopulation. Based on the analysis of negative demographic processes in the Gorski Kotar region, several kinds of demographic projections have been made for the period until 2021. According to these projections, further negative demographic tendencies and additional diminution of the Gorski Kotar population, as well as a negative birth-rate and the erosion of all demographic and economic structures are expected. Population ageing will be a fundamental determinant of future demographic development of the observed area, because every third inhabitant will be more than 60 years old and this points to potential problems in the social and economic development of the region.

Zoran Slavnić

During the 1960s immigrants were normally called “foreigners” (utlänning) in the Swedish press, and were usually described in a way that would nowadays be considered not only as politically in¬correct but also as flagrantly racist and xenophobic. This way of representing immigrants in the Swedish media changed radically at the beginning of 1970s. The word “foreigner” was replaced by “immigrant” in most newspaper articles, and the media started to represent immigrants in a manner that resembles current politically correct media discourse. This paper discusses, first, the reasons for this discursive shift, in the context of the evolution of the Swedish integration and integration policy that was initiated at the end of the 1960s, and, second, the related development of international migration and ethnic relations (IMER) research in Sweden. Finally, the paper presents some reflections on the current state of relations between Swedish integration policy and Swedish IMER research.

Ahmad A. Hammouda

This paper utilizes a log-linear model to analyze data of “The Multipurpose Household Survey; Jordanians Abroad 1975”. The findings indicate that the Jordanian emigrants are mainly young males (15–34 years of age) from the Amman District, most of whom have obtained the secondary school certificate. Only 41 percent of the emigrants left Jordan to work abroad. And only one person out of each 5.6 households left Jordan to live abroad.

Majda Kodrič

Prispevek obravnava Glasilo K. S. K. Jednote in mesečnik Angelček (Little Angel) kot vira za proučevanje odnosa Kranjsko Slovenske Katoliške Jednote do vprašanja druge generacije. Za primerjanja njenih stališč s tistim iz Slovenske Narodne Podporne Jednote sta delno in v glavnem v splošnih obrisih upoštevani glasili te organizacije Prosveta in Mladinski list(Juvenile), kasnejši The Voice of Youth. Ob ideoloških razlikah je glede obeh organizacij poudarjeno njuno prizadevanje za usklajevanje etnične identitete in akulturacije med mladino.

Stephen Jacobson