Hasil untuk "City planning"

Chaoming Song, Zehui Qu, Nicholas Blumm et al.

P. Davidoff

Sotiris Zygiaris

K. Desouza, Trevor H. Flanery

Mattia Piccinini, Sebastiano Taddei, Johannes Betz et al.

Online planning and execution of minimum-time maneuvers on three-dimensional (3D) circuits is an open challenge in autonomous vehicle racing. In this paper, we present an artificial race driver (ARD) to learn the vehicle dynamics, plan and execute minimum-time maneuvers on a 3D track. ARD integrates a novel kineto-dynamical (KD) vehicle model for trajectory planning with economic nonlinear model predictive control (E-NMPC). We use a high-fidelity vehicle simulator (VS) to compare the closed-loop ARD results with a minimum-lap-time optimal control problem (MLT-VS), solved offline with the same VS. Our ARD sets lap times close to the MLT-VS, and the new KD model outperforms a literature benchmark. Finally, we study the vehicle trajectories, to assess the re-planning capabilities of ARD under execution errors. A video with the main results is available as supplementary material.

Keyang Lu, Sifan Zhou, Hongbin Xu et al.

Realistic 3D city generation is fundamental to a wide range of applications, including virtual reality and digital twins. However, most existing methods rely on training a single diffusion model, which limits their ability to generate personalized and boundless city-scale scenes. In this paper, we present Yo'City, a novel agentic framework that enables user-customized and infinitely expandable 3D city generation by leveraging the reasoning and compositional capabilities of off-the-shelf large models. Specifically, Yo'City first conceptualizes the city through a top-down planning strategy that defines a hierarchical "City-District-Grid" structure. The Global Planner determines the overall layout and potential functional districts, while the Local Designer further refines each district with detailed grid-level descriptions. Subsequently, the grid-level 3D generation is achieved through a "produce-refine-evaluate" isometric image synthesis loop, followed by image-to-3D generation. To simulate continuous city evolution, Yo'City further introduces a user-interactive, relationship-guided expansion mechanism, which performs scene graph-based distance- and semantics-aware layout optimization, ensuring spatially coherent city growth. To comprehensively evaluate our method, we construct a diverse benchmark dataset and design six multi-dimensional metrics that assess generation quality from the perspectives of semantics, geometry, texture, and layout. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Yo'City consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods across all evaluation aspects.

Antti Lajunen

Abrar Ghaith

Background: The potential health advantages of functional food products have increased their appeal. Their reception and implementation are greatly influenced by consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used in this study to examine how attitudes toward and intentions to buy functional food products in Hungary are influenced by health consciousness (HC) and nutritional knowledge (KN). Methods: From March to May 2023, 396 adult Hungarian volunteers took part in an online survey. The poll measured respondents' intentions to buy functional food products as well as their health consciousness, nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and subjective norms (SN). Through pilot research, the questionnaire's reliability and validity were determined. Multiple regression analyses, one-sample t-tests, and Cronbach's alpha were all included in the statistical analysis. Results: The majority of participants were female, working students. In support of hypotheses H1 and H2, health consciousness significantly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. H3 and H4 are supported by the findings that nutritional knowledge strongly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. Both perceived behavioral control and subjective standards had a beneficial impact on purchase intentions supporting H5 and H6. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into Hungarian consumers' preferences for functional food items. It highlights the beneficial effects of health awareness, information, attitudes, arbitrary standards, and perceived behavioral control on buying intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchase intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchasing intentions. The dynamic functional food market's marketers and legislators should take these findings seriously. The subtleties of these attitudes and their implications for promotional tactics can be explored in greater detail in future research. Promoting healthier food options and informing policy and marketing decisions require an understanding of consumer perceptions and behaviors.

Dawei Yang, Ping Xu, Xiaojuan Yang

This study explores the spatial and temporal evolution of Paomo restaurants in Xi’an’s central urban area from 2012 to 2023, utilizing point-of-interest (POI) data and advanced analytical techniques. Employing methods such as nearest neighbor distance, kernel density estimation, and band set statistical analysis, we have systematically analyzed the shifting patterns and critical factors influencing the distribution of these restaurants. The study’s findings reveal a significant outward expansion from the city center to the periphery, marked by substantial spatial agglomeration and the emergence of multiple distinct cores. This distribution shift is largely driven by urban policy initiatives and market dynamics. Key factors identified include accessibility to transportation, residential living standards, and the availability of commercial services. These factors highlight the substantial impact of urban spatial reorganization and socioeconomic factors on the specialty catering sector. The insights from this study provide valuable implications for urban planning and policy-making, suggesting targeted strategies for the spatial arrangement of specialty catering services to enhance urban layouts and promote sustainable economic development.

Drew Horton, Tom Logan, Daphne Skipper et al.

The notion of the $x$-minute city is again popular in urban planning, but the practical implications of developing walkable neighborhoods have not been rigorously explored. What is the scale of the challenge that cities needing to retrofit face? Where should new stores or amenities be located? For 500 cities in the United States, we explored how many additional supermarkets would be required to achieve various levels of $x$-minute access and where new stores should be located so that this access is equally-distributed. Our method is unique because it combines a novel measure of equality with a new model that optimally locates amenities for inequality-minimizing community access. We found that 25% of the studied cities could reach 15-minute access by adding five or fewer stores, while only 10% of the cities could even achieve 5-minute average access when using neighborhood centroids as potential sites; the cities that could, on average, required more than 100 stores each. This work provides a tool for cities to use evidenced-based planning to efficiently retrofit in order to enable active transport, benefiting both the climate and their residents' health. It also highlights the major challenge facing our cities due to the existing and ongoing car-dependent urban design that renders these goals unfeasible.

Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen, Phuc Truong Loc Nguyen, Monica Wachowicz et al.

This paper presents a Multimodal Ambient Context-enriched Intelligence Platform (MACeIP) for Smart Cities, a comprehensive system designed to enhance urban management and citizen engagement. Our platform integrates advanced technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, edge and cloud computing, and Multimodal AI, to create a responsive and intelligent urban ecosystem. Key components include Interactive Hubs for citizen interaction, an extensive IoT sensor network, intelligent public asset management, a pedestrian monitoring system, a City Planning Portal, and a Cloud Computing System. We demonstrate the prototype of MACeIP in several cities, focusing on Fredericton, New Brunswick. This work contributes to innovative city development by offering a scalable, efficient, and user-centric approach to urban intelligence and management.

Robert I. McDonald, Myla F. J. Aronson, Timothy Beatley et al.

Abstract Green spaces in urban areas—like remnant habitat, parks, constructed wetlands, and street trees—supply multiple benefits. Many studies show green spaces in and near urban areas play important roles harbouring biodiversity and promoting human well‐being. On the other hand, evidence suggests that greater human population density enables compact, low‐carbon cities that spare habitat conversion at the fringes of expanding urban areas, while also allowing more walkable and livable cities. How then can urban areas have abundant green spaces as well as density? In this paper, we review the empirical evidence for the relationships between urban density, nature, and sustainability. We also present a quantitative analysis of data on urban tree canopy cover and open space for United States large urbanized areas, as well as an analysis of non‐US Functional Urban Areas in OECD countries. We found that there is a negative correlation between population density and these green spaces. For Functional Urban Areas in the OECD, a 10% increase in density is associated with a 2.9% decline in tree cover. We argue that there are competing trade‐offs between the benefits of density for sustainability and the benefits of nature for human well‐being. Planners must decide an appropriate density by choosing where to be on this trade‐off curve, taking into account city‐specific urban planning goals and context. However, while the negative correlation between population density and tree cover is modest at the level of US urbanized areas (R2 = 0.22), it is weak at the US Census block level (R2 = 0.05), showing that there are significant brightspots, neighbourhoods that manage to have more tree canopy than would be expected based upon their level of density. We then describe techniques for how urban planners and designers can create more brightspots, identifying a typology of urban forms and listing green interventions appropriate for each form. We also analyse policies that enable these green interventions illustrating them with the case studies of Curitiba and Singapore. We conclude that while there are tensions between density and urban green spaces, an urban world that is both green and dense is possible, if society chooses to take advantage of the available green interventions and create it. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Muhammad Nur Fajri, Wisnu Pradoto

This research examines the involvement of the community in creating and managing neighbourhood parks in Perumnas Mojosongo residential area, Surakarta, Indonesia, with the risk of transgression. The neighbourhood parks were undeveloped until residents intervened in these government land without legal permission. This research aims to explore the motives for intervening in these sites and the processes that drive the success of self-organised actions by local residents. It expands on previous studies by examining a different setting: spaces intended for public facilities in a planned residential area. The research began with a quantitative strand to select two sites that function properly as neighbourhood parks as the cases. The selection phase analysed the characteristics of the neighbourhood parks using frequency statistics by assessing the sites' condition from participant observation and official documents. Then, a multiple case study utilised semi-structured interviews to retrieve experiences from 16 key informants, residents with first-hand experiences regarding both parks’ development. The research concludes that residents' proximity to government-owned land motivates them to initiate park development, even on a small scale, when the government neglects the land. However, the legitimacy of their actions is only quasi-legitimate, as they lack formal permission from the government to utilise the land. Instead, their actions are supported by verbal permission, the perception of dispute resolution as a permit, or even the assumption of government funding as a form of approval. Social recognition from neighbourhood associations becomes a determinant of the safety of their actions.

Gabriela Viale Pereira, Lukas Daniel Klausner, Lucy Temple et al.

Smart city solutions require innovative governance approaches together with the smart use of technology, such as digital twins, by city managers and policymakers to manage the big societal challenges. The project Smart Cities aNd Digital Twins in Lower Austria (SCiNDTiLA) extends the state of the art of research in several contributing disciplines and uses the foundations of complexity theory and computational social science methods to develop a digital-twin-based smart city model. The project will also apply a novel transdisciplinary process to conceptualise sustainable smart cities and validate the smart city generic model. The outcomes will be translated into a roadmap highlighting methodologies, guidelines and policy recommendations for tackling societal challenges in smart cities with a focus on rescaling the entire framework to be transferred to regions, smaller towns and non-urban environments, such as rural areas and smart villages, in ways that fit the respective local governance, ethical and operational capacity context.

Aisha Alaa Saleh, Khalid Abdul Wahab Al-Mudares

Contemporary urban discourse is paying increasing attention to the issue of urban resilience, due to the stresses, disasters and disturbances (natural and human) that the cities of the world are experiencing and facing, which confirms the need to be familiar with the concept of urban resilience, its dimensions, practices, and characteristics at different levels; In order to reach the aspects of developing the urban energy sector in them, and in a way that supports the preparedness of cities to face potential expected and unexpected disturbances in the future, as cities are usually formed from many main and sub-systems that are dynamically intertwined with each other, such as: the social and economic system, infrastructure systems, land use, and media Various transports, which have a high level of direct interactions with the natural environment; ; It is therefore necessary to understand how the city deals with the odds of threats and challenges in an integrated manner; To overcome its weaknesses and enhance its resilience of use, which aims to make cities more secure, resilient and sustainable in the future, as well as that requires rethinking the field of expanding the use of renewable energies and the general urban landscape. To become a search problem “Failure to exploit the potential of natural energies on the possibility of exploiting renewable natural energies with their components (active and passive) in the production of resilience urban formations in cities.” The aim of the research is to try to "extract an integrated theoretical framework on the characteristics of urban energy resilience from international and Arab experiences, and to diagnose its most important planning and design pillars and indicators, which can be adopted to evaluate the reality of urban energy resilience in local cities." The research hypothesized that “the exploitation of energy systems produced from renewable natural resources, for the purposes of environmental treatments for resilient cities, especially in the buildings of housing projects and their urban surroundings, reduces the consumption of fossil energies for the city, frees its sites from linking to depleted energy transmission networks, and reduces potential environmental pollution problems, which contributes to in the production of flexible energy systems and helps in the generation of flexible cities." The descriptive analysis method was adopted.

Mehrvash Haghighi, Dayanandan Adhimoolam, Ricky Kwan et al.

Background: Pandemics are unpredictable and can rapidly spread. Proper planning and preparation for managing the impact of outbreaks is only achievable through continuous and systematic collection and analysis of health-related data. We describe our experience on how to comply with required reporting and develop a robust platform for surveillance data during an outbreak. Materials and Methods: At Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, we applied Visiun, a laboratory analytics dashboard, to support main response activities. Epic System Inc.’s SlicerDicer application was used to develop clinical and research reports. We followed World Health Organization (WHO); federal and state guidelines; departmental policies; and expert consultation to create the framework. Results: The developed dashboard integrated data from scattered sources are used to seamlessly distribute reports to key stakeholders. The main report categories included federal, state, laboratory, clinical, and research. The first two groups were created to meet government and state reporting requirements. The laboratory group was the most comprehensive category and included operational reports such as performance metrics, technician performance assessment, and analyzer metrics. The close monitoring of testing volumes and lab operational efficiency was essential to manage increasing demands and provide timely and accurate results. The clinical data reports were valuable for proper managing of medical surge requirements, such as healthcare workforce and medical supplies. The reports included in the research category were highly variable and depended on healthcare setting, research priorities, and available funding. We share a few examples of queries that were included in the designed framework for research projects. Conclusion: We reviewed here the key components of a conceptual surveillance framework required for a robust response to COVID-19 pandemics. We demonstrated leveraging a lab analytics dashboard, Visiun, combined with Epic reporting tools to function as a surveillance system. The framework could be used as a generic template for possible future outbreak events.

Attila Máté Kovács

Ransomware threats and incidents have exponentially increased causing both financial and reputational losses to organizations of all sizes and sectors. Ransomware attacks became the talk of the news when the world was hit by COVID 19 pandemic and people shifted to remote work in large numbers (Brynjolfsson et al., 2020, p. 13-14). Cybercriminals and threat groups are using various types of social engineering techniques such as email phishing, smishing, spear phishing attacks to spread ransomware infections in systems and networks. To protect organizations, users, and IT infrastructures it is important to understand how ransomware works, and how various threat actors use it to exfiltrate confidential data and information. Hence a critical approach toward ransomware infection and its mitigation by using different techniques is discussed and analyzed in this research paper concerning other scholarly articles and papers.

Manmeet Singh, Nachiketa Acharya, Sajad Jamshidi et al.

Urban downscaling is a link to transfer the knowledge from coarser climate information to city scale assessments. These high-resolution assessments need multiyear climatology of past data and future projections, which are complex and computationally expensive to generate using traditional numerical weather prediction models. The city of Austin, Texas, USA has seen tremendous growth in the past decade. Systematic planning for the future requires the availability of fine resolution city-scale datasets. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach generating a general purpose operator using deep learning to perform urban downscaling. The algorithm employs an iterative super-resolution convolutional neural network (Iterative SRCNN) over the city of Austin, Texas, USA. We show the development of a high-resolution gridded precipitation product (300 m) from a coarse (10 km) satellite-based product (JAXA GsMAP). High resolution gridded datasets of precipitation offer insights into the spatial distribution of heavy to low precipitation events in the past. The algorithm shows improvement in the mean peak-signal-to-noise-ratio and mutual information to generate high resolution gridded product of size 300 m X 300 m relative to the cubic interpolation baseline. Our results have implications for developing high-resolution gridded-precipitation urban datasets and the future planning of smart cities for other cities and other climatic variables.

A. Stratigea, C. Papadopoulou, M. Panagiotopoulou