Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Ye. Dorozhko, I. Udovenko

Стаття присвячена інтелектуалізації електронні геодезичні прилади (ЕГП) та розробленню концептуальних основ інтеграції технологій штучного інтелекту (ШІ) в геоінформаційне середовище (ГІС) з метою підвищення ефективності систем просторового управління. У досліджені представлено розроблену архітектурну модель інтелектуалізованої системи просторового управління, яка включає взаємодію електронних приладів, сенсорних модулів, ГІС-платформ та аналітичних ШІ-сервісів. Запропоновано концепцію інтелектуалізації ЕГП, яка ґрунтується на трьох основних векторах: автономність вимірювального процесу (за допомогою машинного навчання МН для розпізнавання об’єктів, самодіагностики), адаптивність до умов навколишнього середовища (через корекцію впливу навколишнього середовища, зменшення шуму) та інтегративність у ГІС. У роботі описано застосування ШІ-методів, включаючи глибинні нейронні мережі (YOLO, Mask R-CNN, U-Net, PointNet) для автоматичної детекції та класифікації об’єктів на зображеннях і хмарах точок, а також для оцінювання та корекції GNSS-похибок у реальному часі за допомогою нейро-Калманівських фільтрів. Практичні напрями впровадження моделі включають автоматизований моніторинг деформацій інженерних споруд та інтелектуальну обробку даних БПЛА для оновлення топографічних планів. Згідно з висновками, поетапна інтеграція ШІ перетворює ЕГП на інтелектуальні сенсори, здатні самостійно оцінювати якість даних та взаємодіяти з ГІС, що забезпечує надійну основу для «розумних» міст та стійкого територіального розвитку. Ключові слова: інтелектуалізація, штучний інтелект (ШІ), електронні геодезичні прилади (ЕГП), ГІС-середовище, системи просторового управління, детекція об’єктів, GNSS-корекція.

Shikha Patel, Madhavi Indraganti, Rana N. Jawarneh

Rapid urbanization in Gulf cities has driven significant land cover changes, influencing outdoor thermal comfort and land surface temperatures (LST). This study investigates land cover dynamics from 1998 to 2023 across six cities – Doha, Dubai, Kuwait City, Manama, Muscat, and Riyadh – using Landsat imagery to assess LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and approximated wet-bulb globe temperature (AWGBT). Results reveal an increase in urban areas, with Manama and Kuwait City experiencing the largest expansions (47.50% and 47.02%). Vegetation patterns varied, with cities like Dubai and Riyadh showing consistent increases, while Doha stagnated from 2013 to 2023. LST ranged from 42°C to 55°C, with desert areas showing the highest temperatures. Built-up areas had LST comparable to desert land, highlighting a reverse urban heat island effect. Dubai’s LST decreased between 2013 and 2023 due to successful green initiatives, contrasting with rising temperatures in other cities. The mean LST difference between the desert and urban areas was 2.5°C, and vegetation displayed a cooling effect, with a 3.5°C difference between vegetated and desert areas. Thermal comfort maps aligned with LST data, showing increasing heat stress, particularly in Doha and Kuwait City, while Dubai maintained stable comfort levels. This study underscores the critical role of vegetation and sustainable urban planning in mitigating heat stress and enhancing outdoor thermal comfort across Gulf cities.

Jakub Zejdlik, Vit Vozenilek

Although there are many articles dealing with web map applications, they often focus on just one or a few applications. Several articles deal with the technical solution of the applications, but relatively few are focused on the cartographic aspects of these applications. This article evaluates eight web mapping applications based on six cartographic aspects: map key, map scale, map layout, navigation elements, labels, and analytical tools. The objective is to identify differences in the presentation of geographic information and propose improvements for cartographic quality and user-friendliness. The methodology involved visual analysis at two scales. The comparison included applications such as Mapy.cz, OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, Bing Maps, HERE Maps, MapQuest, ViaMichelin, and Locus Map. The results revealed significant differences among the applications that may impact user orientation and experience. For instance, Google Maps does not display forest symbols on its default map, which can reduce clarity, whereas Mapy.cz offers the most comprehensive range of analytical tools. Advertisements in applications like MapQuest and ViaMichelin disrupt the user experience, and some applications lack essential functions, such as distance measurement. The paper identifies strengths and weaknesses in the cartographic design of these applications. Findings reveal that while each application possesses unique characteristics, they share common features. An interesting feature is the absence of cartographic symbols and labels of some elements in some applications. The study recommends the unification of cartographic principles and further user testing to optimize the layout and functionality of web mapping applications.

Changjian Liu, Shuhui Gong, Hui Su et al.

With urbanisation and population growth, understanding spatial interactions in cities is increasingly vital for urban management. In recent decades, spatial interactions could be predicted accurately with the support of large GPS data, but anonymous trajectory data lacks semantic details, limiting predictions and behaviour understanding. To address this, we proposed a Semantic-Integrated Mobility Trajectory Model (SMTM), integrating social media check-in data, remote sensing imagery, and taxi trajectory data capable of accurately predict travel flow. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) extract demographic insights, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Gate Recurrent Units (GRU) are incorporated to predict spatial interaction intensity. We conducted two case studies in New York City, U.S., and Ningbo, China, using taxi trips (over three million trips in New York and nearly one million trips in Ningbo) and social media check-in data (around 60,000 records for each city). Results demonstrate excellent performance over baselines. Furthermore, the integration of travel trajectories and census data revealed diverse travel preferences at various scales, including intra-region, inter-region, and inter-urban. The SMTM model contributes to optimising the design of public spaces and personalised recommendations.

Fabrice Mopi Touoyem

Context and background: Land is a source of wealth in terms of the economic and socio-cultural value it represents. Land resources are the basis of any economic activity or development project, which is why they are at the centre of multiple covetousness. However, social exclusion leads to numerous land conflicts observed in Cameroon. Goal and objectives: This study therefore aims to show how social exclusion can cause and sustain land disputes in Cameroon. The study is based on both a qualitative and quantitative approach. Methodology: The methodology adopted consisted of a documentary research that allowed us to consult various documentary resources dealing with the issue of social exclusion and land conflicts in libraries and on the Internet. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with administrative and judicial authorities and officials from the Ministry of Lands, Cadastre and Land Affairs in order to collect information on the frequency and nature of land disputes registered and settled in their respective departments. This data was complemented by participant observations and questionnaire surveys in selected localities experiencing land disputes to understand the basis, identify the different parties involved and assess their magnitude. The documentary data collected was synthesised and analysed and the empirical data was processed to produce figures useful for illustrating the phenomenon under study. Results: The results obtained showed that the populations face various forms of social exclusion that sustain recurrent land disputes in Cameroon. These concern gender inequalities between men and women, social class rivalries between rich and poor or young and old, as well as the hostility of indigenous populations to non-indigenous people. They are reinforced by the land tenure system, which pits customary law against modern law and regularly creates social tensions over access to and control of land. Given the fact that land insecurity and land disputes in Cameroon are largely due to this social exclusion, it is therefore necessary for the harmonious and sustainable development of the country to set up an inclusive land policy that integrates all social components, in order to guarantee equal rights of access to land for all, to abolish land conflicts and to preserve social peace.   Keywords: Social exclusion, land disputes, land rights, access to land, Cameroon

André Augusto Gavlak, Ligia Vizeu Barrozo

The public sector’s possibilities of using geospatial technologies are vast and can improve public management. In the Brazilian Federal Government, the use of geospatial technologies is unknown, nor is it known the main applications and public and private actors involved. This research proposes to analyze the geospatial technologies market in the Federal Government between the years 2011 and 2019 through public data of contracts. Through the individual analysis of 600 contracts, we concluded that R$ 804,747,626.99 were negotiated during the period. The contracts mainly involved Remote Sensing and Aerophotogrammetry (50%) and Geographic Information Systems (33%) solutions, applied primarily in the thematic areas of Oil & Gas (39%), Infrastructure (19%), and Environment & Natural Resources (10%). Fototerra was the leading company, providing R$ 155,553,107.03 in products and services. The foremost acquiring institution was the Ministry of Mines and Energy, contracting R$ 410 million, of which Petrobras acquired R$ 311 million. This paper showed how different federal institutions use Geography’s technological bases to fulfill their missions, improve social well-being, and contribute to a more developed, less unequal, and fairer country.

Andrea Faccioli

On 12 January 2010, a terrible earthquake struck the Caribbean state of Haiti. In addition to the numerous victims and the huge damages, the earthquake seriously damaged the port of the capital, Port-au-Prince. In particular, it completely destroyed the 450-meter North Pier, dedicated to the container traffic, making it impossible to disembark humanitarian aid and goods. Given the strategic importance of the infrastructure, the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Haiti has financed the design and reconstruction of Port-au-Prince, starting from the North pier. After the earthquake, the first step was a series of bathymetric, hydrogeological, topographical and aerial surveys realized by an Italian company.

Tom Winterbottom

The premiere of Kleber Mendonça Filho’s film Aquarius coincided with the beginning of impeachment processes against former president Dilma Rousseff, spurring the filmmaking team to voice their opinions on the Cannes red carpet and in subsequent public discourse. In the following months the film became an important point of reference on the cultural landscape of Brazil, snubbed for selection for the Oscars, and involved in a debate over censorship. By first studying the content and cinematic techniques employed in telling the intimate story of contested space in the historic seafront building that is the film’s subject, and then analyzing the film and its reception as a cultural object at a certain political moment in Brazil during which time the film garnered significant attention and meaning beyond what is presented on screen, this article explores the deep politicization and extensive political cartography of Aquarius.

Tung Gia Pham, Jan Degener, Martin Kappas

Central Vietnam is very susceptible to soil erosion due to its complicated terrain and heavy rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify soil erosion in the A Sap river basin, A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The results showed that 34% of land area lost accumulated to 10 t ha−1 year−1 while 47% of the total area lost less than 1 t ha−1 year−1. Natural forest land lost the most with an average of about 19 t ha−1 year−1, followed by plantation forest with approximately 7 t ha−1 year−1 and other agricultural lands at 3.70 and 1.45 t ha−1 year−1 for yearly crops and paddy rice, respectively. Soil erosion was most sensitive to the topographic factor (LS), followed by the practice support factor (P), soil erodibility factor (K), cropping management (C), and the rainfall erosivity factor (R). Implications are that changes to the cultivated calendar and implementing intercropping are effective ways to prevent soil erosion in cultivated lands. Furthermore, introducing broad leaves trees for mountainous areas in A Sap basin was the most effective practice in reducing soil erosion. The study also pointed out that the combination of available data sources used with the USLE and GIS technology is a viable option to calculate soil erosion in Central Vietnam, which would allow targeted attention toward a solution is to reduce future soil erosion. Keywords: Central Vietnam, GIS, Soil erosion, USLE

Pędzich Paweł

The paper presents a new method of constructing equidistant map projections of a triaxial ellipsoid as a function of reduced coordinates. Equations for x and y coordinates are expressed with the use of the normal elliptic integral of the second kind and Jacobian elliptic functions. This solution allows to use common known and widely described in literature methods of solving such integrals and functions. The main advantage of this method is the fact that the calculations of x and y coordinates are practically based on a single algorithm that is required to solve the elliptic integral of the second kind. Equations are provided for three types of map projections: cylindrical, azimuthal and pseudocylindrical. These types of projections are often used in planetary cartography for presentation of entire and polar regions of extraterrestrial objects. The paper also contains equations for the calculation of the length of a meridian and a parallel of a triaxial ellipsoid in reduced coordinates. Moreover, graticules of three coordinates systems (planetographic, planetocentric and reduced) in developed map projections are presented. The basic properties of developed map projections are also described. The obtained map projections may be applied in planetary cartography in order to create maps of extraterrestrial objects.

Redazione GEOmedia Redazione GEOmedia

Una giornata mondiale all'insegna della geografia intelligente

Andrea Faria Andrade, Claudia Robbi Sluter

A eficácia de um mapa pode ser entendida como uma medida de quão bem a transferência da informação é facilitada pelo mapa, e a capacidade dos usuários para utilizarem os mapas depende da qualidade do seu projeto. Além da adequação da linguagem, que é algo pertinente a todo e qualquer mapa, em função do usuário final ao qual ele se destina, são importantes pesquisas que proponham metodologias que abordem a aplicação dos conhecimentos já desenvolvidos nas áreas de comunicação, percepção e cognição visual, adequando-os às especificidades da cartografia, pois devem fornecer diretrizes para prováveis soluções de problemas de projeto cartográfico. Mas para tanto se faz necessário que o cartógrafo conheça estas teorias para que possa aplicá-las em seus produtos cartográficos. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar como são apresentados os mapas turísticos, se os mesmos são concebidos levando em consideração os conceitos relacionados às leis da Gestalt e da comunicação visual. No total, foram avaliados 50 mapas brasileiros e do exterior, e as características consideradas para a análise foram: poluição visual, associações subjetivas tamanho dos símbolos pictóricos empregados, emprego das cores no projeto cartográfico e o projeto dos símbolos. Dos mapas analisados, o que se pôde observar foi que os mapas estrangeiros possuem um número maior de problemas perceptivos, e o principal problema se refere à poluição visual, com mapas apresentando um número elevado de informações e a utilização inapropriada de tons para a representação do fundo e dos arruamentos.

V. A. Ushenko, N. D. Pavlyukovich, L. Trifonyuk

A new azimuthally stable polarimetric technique processing microscopic images of optically anisotropic structures of biological tissues histological sections is proposed. It has been used as a generalized model of phase anisotropy definition of biological tissues by using superposition of Mueller matrices of linear birefringence and optical activity. The matrix element M44 has been chosen as the main information parameter, whose value is independent of the rotation angle of both sample and probing beam polarization plane. For the first time, the technique of concerted spatial-frequency filtration has been used in order to separate the manifestation of linear birefringence and optical activity. Thereupon, the method of azimuthally stable spatial-frequency cartography of biological tissues histological sections has been elaborated. As the analyzing tool, complex statistic, correlation, and fractal analysis of coordinate distributions of M44 element has been performed. The possibility of using the biopsy of the uterine wall tissue in order to differentiate benign (fibromyoma) and malignant (adenocarcinoma) conditions has been estimated.

Massimiliano Condotta, Giovanni Borga

L’attuale modo di gestire la conoscenza, basato su sistemi ICT, ha raggiunto un elevato livello prestazionale nel modo di utilizzare e gestire le informazioni degli archivi digitali. Tuttavia, ci sono ancora notevoli potenzialità inespresse nel modo di accedere e di usufruire la conoscenza, soprattutto in ragione delle possibili correlazioni con le informazioni non-digitali. Queste potenzialità sono ancora più rilevanti nel settore dei dati urbani e territoriali per i quali sono a disposizione numerose tecnologie di carattere innovativo che possono essere utilizzate nella gestione delle informazioni relative alla città, soprattutto se orientate alla grande sfida rappresentata dall’implementazione del modello smart cities. Il presente articolo illustra una di queste potenzialità: l’uso dei concetti della tassonomia semiotica per aumentare l’efficacia delle informazioni legate a una rappresentazione digitale della città. L’ambizione di quest’articolo è di stimolare una possibile attività congiunta tra istituzioni e utenti di Internet verso la creazione di una nuova risorsa di conoscenza condivisa, strutturata, semanticamente correlata e basata su un substrato di informazioni che rappresenta, in modo virtuale, l’ambiente fisico reale.

Giuliana Guazzaroni

Mobile and ubiquitous learning has been linked to new information and communication technologies embedded in everyday life objects. A variety of invisible embedded tools have been developed and are connected to the Internet. The boundaries between learning, gaming, simulating or role playing are not clearly defi ned. In this context a visit to a museum or to another place of interest (e.g. Archaeological parks, historical towns, urban trekking etc.) using a smartphone, or a tablet, may offer a unique educational experience as will be described in the trial of EMMAP (Emotional Mapping of Museum Augmented Learning) at the Archaeological Museum “Giuseppe Moretti” of San Severino Marche (Italy), at the Macerata Carriage Museum and in the Macerata Walls for “Street Poetry” exhibixion. EMMAP is a format aimed to develop innovative pedagogies, using handheld technology combined with QR codes, broadcasting and augmented reality (AR). These tools are useful in Il mobile e ubiquitous learning è stato messo in relazione alle nuove tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione che si trovano incorporate negli oggetti della vita quotidiana. Una varietà invisibile di strumenti integrati sono stati sviluppati e collegati a Internet. I confini tra apprendimento, gioco, simulazione o giochi di ruolo non sono chiaramente definiti. Ne consegue che anche una visita in luoghi di interesse culturale (es. musei, parchi archeologici, città storiche, trekking urbani ecc.), utilizzando uno smartphone o un tablet, potrebbe offrire un’esperienza educativa unica come descritto nelle sperimentazioni del format  EMMAP (Emotional Mapping of Museum Augmented Places) presso il Museo Civico Archeologico "Giuseppe Moretti" di San Severino Marche, il Museo della Carrozza di Macerata e la passeggiata attorno alle mura urbiche di Macerata, per osservare la mostra “Poesia di Strada” in realtà aumentata. EMMAP è un format didattico che mira a sviluppare pedagogie innovative, utilizzando la tecnologia portatile, combinata con i codici QR, il broadcast e la realtà aumentata. Questi strumenti sono utili alla creazione di ambienti mobili e ubiqui di apprendimento idonei al coinvolgimento emotivo dei partecipanti in situazione di apprendimento autentico. ---

A. Koláčný

A. Koláčcný

T. Paglen, H. Rogers

Andreas W. Neumann

Miljenko Lapaine