Hasil untuk "Building construction"

N. Hillson, M. Caddick, Yizhi Cai et al.

Biofoundries provide an integrated infrastructure to enable the rapid design, construction, and testing of genetically reprogrammed organisms for biotechnology applications and research. Many biofoundries are being built and a Global Biofoundry Alliance has recently been established to coordinate activities worldwide.

Zoltan Nagy, Ryan Wisnesky, Kevin Carlson et al.

Buildings generate heterogeneous data across their lifecycle, yet integrating these data remains a critical unsolved challenge. Despite three decades of standardization efforts, over 40 metadata schemas now span the building lifecycle, with fragmentation accelerating rather than resolving. Current approaches rely on point-to-point mappings that scale quadratically with the number of schemas, or universal ontologies that become unwieldy monoliths. The fundamental gap is the absence of mathematical foundations for structure-preserving transformations across heterogeneous building data. Here we show that category theory provides these foundations, enabling systematic data integration with $O(n)$ specification complexity for $n$ ontologies. We formalize building ontologies as first-order theories and demonstrate two proof-of-concept implementations in Categorical Query Language (CQL): 1) generating BRICK models from IFC design data at commissioning, and 2) three-way integration of IFC, BRICK, and RealEstateCore where only two explicit mappings yield the third automatically through categorical composition. Our correct-by-construction approach treats property sets as first-class schema entities and provides automated bidirectional migrations, and enables cross-ontology queries. These results establish feasibility of categorical methods for building data integration and suggest a path toward an app ecosystem for buildings, where mathematical foundations enable reliable component integration analogous to smartphone platforms.

Wan-Jiun Chen, Shiyu Yang, Xinzhen Zhang et al.

Abstract Increasing building constructions have become one of the fastest-growing drivers of carbon emissions. Energy conservation and carbon reduction in buildings have become increasingly crucial in the context of global carbon neutrality. This paper assesses the annual total energy and carbon embodied in the ten most intensively used building materials in China, aiming to find potential CO2 reduction opportunities in the construction industry from a macroscopic perspective. The results show that: (1) the embodied energy and carbon of cement, steel, and brick account for more than 70% of the total embodied energy and carbon of all building materials; (2) differences in the embodied energy and carbon between steel-concrete buildings and brick-concrete buildings are not distinct; (3) disparities in the embodied energy and carbon of building materials between different regions are significant. The eastern and south-eastern regions consume excessive building materials and embody significantly higher energy and carbon than other regions. Several strategies are provided for China's building sector in energy and carbon reduction.

Samuel Pantaleo, Fenne Adriaanse, Florent Gauvin et al.

Silica aerogel, with its exceptionally low thermal conductivity, needs wider applications despite current limitations. Meanwhile, bio-sourced materials are gaining traction because of their large availability, with comparable or superior properties to non-renewable options. Additonnaly, their low carbon footprints are crucial for reducing emissions linked to the building sector. Therefore, combining silica aerogel with bio-sourced materials is a promising way to address both environmental and performance goals. In the present study, composites made of silica aerogel and bio-based materials issued from waste (e.g. loose cellulose fibers and sawdust) are investigated, aiming for thermal insulation as the main application. The impact of each component is studied on properties related to thermal insulation - thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, moisture behavior, and mold development. Using empirical methodology, fine-tuned compositions are developed to get the best properties. Thermal conductivity down to 20 mW m−1.K−1 is achieved, with compression strength fulfilling the standard for thermal insulation materials.

Jing Wu, Yawei Wang, Gaizhong Chen et al.

As a famous coastal tourist city in China, Sanya is facing the dual challenges of solid waste management and resource utilization while tourism is booming. To realize efficient solid waste management and innovative circular economy models, Sanya actively explores and practices the construction path of a “zero-waste city”. In this study, Pearson correlation analysis and material flow analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Sanya and the changes in the effectiveness of MSW treatment in Sanya before the construction of the “zero-waste city” (2018) and five years later (2023). The results of the study show that the construction of a “zero-waste city” in Sanya, through the implementation of a series of policy measures, including the strengthening of strategic planning and leadership, the upgrading of capacity building, and the promotion of nationwide action participation, has effectively promoted the efficient synergistic treatment of MSW, thereby realizing both environmental benefits and economic benefits.

J. Liewa, Z. Daia, Y. S. Chuaa

Pablo Llamazares Blanco

Las incursiones en la arquitectura del artista estadounidense Donald Judd fueron una constante en el devenir de su trayectoria. Las investigaciones espaciales con sus objetos específicos y su gran interés por la práctica constructiva lo favorecieron. A través de esta investigación, se presenta uno de esos proyectos arquitectónicos en los que Judd tuvo una participación directa, como fue el pabellón no construido para el Kunsthaus Bregenz. Un proyecto poco conocido cuya definición se vio condicionada por las directrices del arquitecto Peter Zumthor, responsable de la configuración completa de la institución. A partir de ese planteamiento, el estudio parte de la consulta directa del material original conservado en los archivos de la Judd Foundation en Marfa, Texas, y se adentra en las transferencias creativas entre el arte y la arquitectura, en el análisis de una singular propuesta que no llegó a ejecutarse. La excesiva autonomía del diseño de Judd no consiguió adecuarse a los criterios fijados por Zumthor, que acabaría asumiendo la realización del pabellón. Pese al intento frustrado de colaboración, el transcurso del encargo revela los intereses de dos figuras como Judd y Zumthor trabajando en un mismo proyecto, al tiempo que descubre la gestación arquitectónica del Kunsthaus Bregenz.

Ruomin Wu, Zhengping Hu, Jingzhong Tong

Corrugated steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs) have been widely utilized as lateral-resistant and energy-dissipating components in multistory and high-rise buildings. To improve their buckling stability, shear resistance, and energy-dissipating capacity, stiffeners were added to the CSPSW, forming stiffened CSPSWs (SCSPSWs). Evaluating the hysteretic performances of SCSPSWs is crucial for guiding seismic design in engineering practice. In this paper, the dissipated energy values of the SCSPSWs with different parameters were calculated. Based on the obtained dissipated energy values, the elastoplastic design theory of stiffeners was established, and the evaluation of the hysteretic performance of the SCSPSWs was provided. Firstly, a finite element (FE) model for analyzing the hysteretic performance of the SCSPSWs was developed and validated against hysteretic tests of the CSPSW conducted by the authors previously. Subsequently, using the validated FE model, approximately 81 examples of SCSPSWs subjected to cyclic loads were analyzed. Hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, secant stiffness, stress distribution, and out-of-plane displacement were obtained and examined. Results indicate that increasing the bending rigidity of the vertical stiffeners and the thickness of the corrugated steel plates, as well as reducing the aspect ratio of the corrugated steel plates, is beneficial for enhancing the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the SCSPSWs. Finally, the transition rigidity ratio <i>μ</i>_0,h was proposed to describe the hysteretic performances. When the rigidity ratio is <i>μ</i> = 50, dissipated energy values of the SCSPSW could achieve 95% of the corresponding maximum dissipated energy. In engineering practice, hence, it is recommended to use stiffeners with a rigidity ratio of <i>μ</i> ≥ <i>μ</i>_0,h = 50 to ensure desirable energy-dissipating capacity in the SCSPSW.

Vicente León-Martínez, Clara Andrada-Monrós, Elisa Peñalvo-López et al.

The main objective is to propose a calculation method for assessing the benefits of individual domestic prosumers in self-consumption and economic savings when managing their own energy resources. The paper applies the demand-side management concept in the residential sector from the individual domestic perspective so that customers can understand the value of their own sustainable energy resources, conducting self-generation and demand management. The novelty lies in allowing the prosumer to manage their own energy resources to their benefit at a reasonable cost, instead of participating in automated large residential demand-side-management programmes that respond to the means of the grid system operator or other energy service companies, such as aggregators. A methodology for calculating the self-consumption rate and the economic benefit for the consumer is proposed, including three different cases: consumer demand is higher than self-generation, and consumer demand is equal to self-generation, and consumer demand is lower than self-generation. The methodology is validated with actual data from a household in Valencia (Spain) during a complete year, obtaining an average reduction in the annual electricity bill of 70% and a demand coverage with the self-renewable system reaching values of 80% throughout the year. The significance of this methodology goes beyond the economic revenue of the individual consumer; it also aims to guide consumers towards efficient practices in the use of their available energy resources and raise awareness on their energy behaviour.

Liviu PRUNA, Andrei SLONOVSCHI

The paper presents a set of equations that stands to the basis of a computer program and to the software themselves, that offers to the user the possibility to automatic draw the arcs used to approximate the representation of a chamfer hexagonal prism. Also, the authors present the way to use software that generates the arcs that approximate hyperbolas resulting on a chamfered hexagonal prism.

Yannick Neyt, James Parkinson, Hendrik Van Maldeghem

An automorphism of a building is called uniclass if the Weyl distance between any chamber and its image lies in a single (twisted) conjugacy class of the Coxeter group. In this paper we characterise uniclass automorphisms of spherical buildings in terms of their fixed structure. For this purpose we introduce the notion of a Weyl substructure in a spherical building. We also link uniclass automorphisms to the Freudenthal--Tits magic square.

Simon Madsen, Benjamin Staugaard, Zheng Ma et al.

The retrofitting of existing buildings with building management systems presents significant challenges, primarily due to the need for labor and cost efficiency. Wireless technology offers a promising solution to these challenges by minimizing the need for extensive wiring and structural alterations. However, achieving retrofitting in a cost-effective manner necessitates the use of low-cost wireless technologies. This paper introduces a framework for constructing a Zigbee gateway using open-source tools combined with low-cost hardware. The proposed architecture addresses large-scale IoT deployments within the Zigbee ecosystem. By leveraging edge computing with the robustness and scalability offered by Zigbee technology, this architecture significantly reduces the economic barriers to retrofit buildings with building management systems. The results underscore the potential of open-source Zigbee technology in aligning with sustainability goals, providing a cost-effective pathway for retrofitting buildings into smart, energy-efficient living environments.

Jonas Fill, Michael Eichelbeck, Michael Ebner

Building-specific knowledge such as building type and function information is important for numerous energy applications. However, comprehensive datasets containing this information for individual households are missing in many regions of Europe. For the first time, we investigate whether it is feasible to predict building types and functional classes at a European scale based on only open GIS datasets available across countries. We train a graph neural network (GNN) classifier on a large-scale graph dataset consisting of OpenStreetMap (OSM) buildings across the EU, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK. To efficiently perform training using the large-scale graph, we utilize localized subgraphs. A graph transformer model achieves a high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.754 when classifying buildings into 9 classes, and a very high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.844 when classifying buildings into the residential and non-residential classes. The experimental results imply three core novel contributions to literature. Firstly, we show that building classification across multiple countries is possible using a multi-source dataset consisting of information about 2D building shape, land use, degree of urbanization, and countries as input, and OSM tags as ground truth. Secondly, our results indicate that GNN models that consider contextual information about building neighborhoods improve predictive performance compared to models that only consider individual buildings and ignore the neighborhood. Thirdly, we show that training with GNNs on localized subgraphs instead of standard GNNs improves performance for the task of building classification.

Ayelet Lindenstrauss, Birgit Richter, Foling Zou

Building on work of Hill, Hoyer and Mazur we propose an equivariant version of a Loday construction for $G$-Tambara functors where $G$ is an arbitrary finite group. For any finite simplicial $G$-set and any $G$-Tambara functor, our Loday construction is a simplicial $G$-Tambara functor. We study its properties and examples. For a circle with rotation action by a finite cyclic group our construction agrees with the twisted cyclic nerve of Blumberg, Gerhardt, Hill, and Lawson. We also show how the Loday construction for genuine commutative $G$-ring spectra relates to our algebraic one via the $\underlineπ_0$-functor. We describe Real topological Hochschild homology as such a Loday construction.

Daniel Heigermoser, Borja García de Soto, E. Abbott et al.

Abstract The Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC) industry strongly affects the economy, the environment, and society as a whole. However, when compared to other industries, its productivity, over recent decades, has been very low. Currently, the AEC industry is undergoing major changes, mostly driven by the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM), and the integration of new technologies. When coupling these with Lean principles, there is the potential to improve the productivity and efficiency of construction projects. Although Lean Construction and BIM are approaches with quite different initiatives, both have a profound impact on the industry. Many studies have shown the advantages of the Last Planner System (LPS), yet its integration with BIM technology has not been fully exploited. The Last Planner System of Production Control – a production planning system designed to produce a more reliable project plan – and the principle of promoting continuous improvement are introduced. By capitalizing on the synergies between Lean Construction and BIM, this study proposes a construction management tool that combines the LPS with the 3D visualization of construction projects to improve productivity and reduce construction waste. The prototype tool is mainly aimed to be used as a construction management tool during the construction phase. The tool allows dividing construction projects into work zones, obtaining a fully automated quantity take-off, and offers a color-coded 4D construction simulation for the short-term planning process of the LPS. It allows for a systematic evaluation and analysis of the construction planning in terms of productivity, manpower allocation, and quantification of waste considering the short-term planning process, which promotes continuous improvement of future construction planning.

Poliana Bellei, Isabel Torres, Runar Solstad et al.

The oyster shell is a residue rich in calcium carbonate, which can be reused as a raw material for creating building materials. For this reason, many researchers focused on the incorporation of oyster shell in the composition of composites, as it is a means of contributing to the economic sustainability by reducing the presence of pollution caused by aquaculture waste in the environment, thus increasing the value chain of the construction sector and reducing its carbon footprint. This paper intends to systematize the scientific production related to oyster shell-based composites in construction, carrying out a search using the Scopus tool and a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement. The results show that research on the incorporation of oyster shell into cementitious mortar mixtures, with a focus on its use in concrete, dominates existing scientific research. There is a lack of studies on the incorporation of the oyster shell that address its application as an aggregate or binder in the composition of coating and laying mortars. Most existing research is from Asia, and there is a lack of research in some parts of Europe. In the Americas, Africa and Oceania, no existing studies were found. Despite the growing understanding of the importance of sustainability and economic issues related to products used in the blue circular economy sector, there are still few studies that consider the incorporation of waste or by-products of aquaculture. Future investigations that cover these practical and contextual gaps can contribute to the better use of oyster shell waste and its insertion in the blue circular economy.